• BMB Reports
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.33-39
• /
• 1995

The Gelatinases (typeIV collagenases) are metalloproteinases that may play an important role in tumor invasion and metastasis. Progelatinase A was purified from a conditioned medium of T98G human glioblastoma cells. TIMP-2 complexed progelatinase A and free progelatinase A were separated by heparin affinity HPLC. The final product was homogeneous on SDS-PAGE, with a molecular weight of 64,000 daltons without reduction. TIMP-2 and free progelatinase A were separated from TIMP-2 complexed progelatinase A by reverse-phase HPLC in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid. TIMP-2 complexed progelatinase A was resistant to activation by p-aminophenyl mercuric acetate (APMA), and showed less than 20% of the activity of the TIMP-2 free active enzyme. TIMP-2 free progelatinase A was easily activated to the mature form with a molecular weight of 57,000 daltons by APMA and showed high activity compared to the TIMP-2 complexed enzyme.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.179-183
• /
• 1987

To investigate antitumor constituents of higher fungi, the carpophores of Polyporus giganteus Pers. ex. Fr. (81 g, dry weight) which were collected in Indiana, U. S. A. were examined for antitumor activity. Two protein-bound-polysaccharide fractions (I and II) were prepared from the hot water extract and one fraction (III) from the 0.1 N NaOH extract of the carpophores. The antitumor effect of each fraction was tested against sarcoma 180 implanted subcutaneously in female ICR mice. Of three fractions, Fraction II showed 85.2% inhibition ratio at the dose of 20 mg/kg/day for 10 days and was named gigantan. Gigantan was found to contain 59% polysaccharide and 27% protein. Its polysaccharide moity was a heteroglycan that consisted of mainly glucose (89.3%), galactose (7.7%), minaose (2.0%) and fructose (1.0%).

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.203-212
• /
• 1993

To find antitumor components in the hot water extract of the cultured mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum, protein-bound polysaccharides were purified and fractionated (Fr. I-V) by DEAE-cellulose ion exchange column chromatography and Sepbarose CL-4B gel filtration. When a dose of 20 mg/kg/day of each was, i.p., injected into ICR mice, the inhibition ratios against the solid form of sarcoma 180 were $64.2{\sim}75.8%$. The antitumor component was examined for immunological activity. It increased the amount of superoxide anion released by induced macrophages in peritoneal cavity to 1.8 times and the count of hemolytic plaque-forming cells (PFC) was increased to 4.4 times as compared with those of the control group. It contained 68.6% polysaccharide which consisted of mannose, glucose, galactose, fucose and xylose and 5.1% protein consisting of 17 amino acids. The contents of hexosamine were 0.78%. The molecular weight of Fr. V that showed the highest antitumor activity was $5.8{\times}10^4$ dalton by Sepharose CL-4B gel filtration. It was named lucidan.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.197-202
• /
• 1999

Three barrows weighing 45.0 kg, fitted with simple T-cannulas in both the duodenum and terminal ileum, were assigned to diets in a $3{\times}3$ Latin Square design experiment to determine the effect of two calcium levels (0.8% vs 0.4%) on phytase activity and nutrient balance in growing pigs. The control diet contained 0.8% calcium, with no added inorganic phosphorus (0.45% total phosphorus) and no added phytase. The two additional experimental diets contained microbial phytase (750 phytase units/kg) and supplied either 0.8% or 0.4% calcium. With added microbial phytase, ileal and total tract digestibility of rotal phosphorus were improved by 20.9 and 13.8 percentage units, respectively (p=0.01). The apparent duodenal and ileal digestibility of phytate phosphorus were increased by 51.8 and 49.7 percentage units (p=0.01). Lowering dietary calcium in the presence of microbial phytase increased the digestibility of phytate phosphorus by an additional 10.9 (p=0.001) and 5.7 percentage units for duodenal and ileal digestibility, respectively. Supplementation with microbial phytase significantly reduced fecal excretion of nitrogen and phosphorus and increased the percentage of these nutrients retained by the pig. Lowering dietary calcium further increased the percentage of dietary phosphorus retained. Overall, reducing dietary calcium appeared to increase the effectiveness of added microbial phytase in degrading phytate phosphorus. As a result, care should be taken to avoid high levels of dietary calcium when supplementing swine diets with microbial phytase.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.48 no.4
• /
• pp.262-270
• /
• 2015

The scientific information between microbial community and chemical properties of reclaimed tidal soil is not enough to understand the land reclamation process. This study was conducted to investigate the relation between chemical properties and microbial activities of soils from reclaimed tidal lands located at south-western coastal area (42 samples from Goheuong, Samsan, Bojun, Kunnae, Hwaong and Yeongsangang sites). Most of the reclaimed soils showed chemical characteristics as salinity soil based on EC. Only $Na^+$ in exchangeable cation was dependent on EC of reclaimed soil, whereas other cations such as $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, and $Mg^{2+}$ were independent on EC. The mesophilic bacteria decreased with an increase in EC of soil. Microbial population increased with soil organic content in the range of $0{\sim}10g\;kg^{-1}$ and dehydrogenase activity less than $100{\mu}g-TPF\;g^{-1}h^{-1}$. Microbial population of soils from reclaimed tidal lands was closely related to the microbial community containing hydrolytic enzyme activities of cellulase, amylase, protease, and lipase.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.43 no.6
• /
• pp.1012-1017
• /
• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of continuous cropping of pepper on soil microbial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) under upland applied without any pesticides and chemical herbicides from 2000 to 2009. Microbial PLFAs were analysed from soils sampled in 2009. Soil microbial diversities showed PLFAs of monoplanting of pepper were distinct from those of monoplanting of garlic and interplanting of garlic and pepper by principle component 2 (PC2). Furthermore, soil microbial activity of monoplanting of pepper significantly decreased PLFAs representing as VAM-fungi, whereas it significantly increased in actinomycetes and saturated/monounsaturated PLFAs' ratio. The results drove continuous cropping of pepper would vary the microbial community and their specific activity. Soil microbial activities in continuous cropping system would depend on crop root systems.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.105-111
• /
• 2003

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the stability of bee venom according to the keeping method and period. Method : The author observed microbial contamination of bee venom in nutrient agar, broth, YPD agar and YPD media and antibacterial activity for S. aureus, E. coli manufactured 12, 6 and 3 months ago as the two type of room temperature and $4^{\circ}C$ cold storage. Results : 1. 1:3,000 and 1:4,000 diluted bee venom solution did not show microbial contamination both room temperature and cold storage within twelve months. 2. There was antibacterial activity of diluted bee venom for S. aureus in cold storage within twelve months and there was no antibacterial activity of diluted bee venom for S. aureus in twelve months, room temperature storage. 3. We could not observe the zone of inhibition around paper disc of all for E.coli. in 1:3,000, 1:30,000 and 1:3,000,000 diluted bee venom solution, respectively. According to results, we expect that diluted bee venom solution is stable both cold and room temperature storage within twelve months.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.57-63
• /
• 2003

Using fungal (Fusarium solani f. pisi) and bacterial (Pseudomonas mendocina) cutinases, the initial hydrolysis rate of p-nitrophenyl esters was systematically estimated for a wide range of enzyme and substrate concentrations using a 96-well microplate reader. Both cutinases exhibited a high substrate specificity; i.e. a high hydrolytic activity on p-nitrophenyl butyrate (PNB), yet extremely low activity on p-nitrophenyl palmitate (PNP). When compared to the hydrolysis of PNB and PNP by other hydrolases [lipases and esterases derived from different microbial sources, such as bacteria (Pseudomonas cepacia, Psedomonas furescens, Baciilus stearothermophilus), molds (Aspeillus niger, mucor miehei), and yeasts (Candida rugosa, Candida cylindracea)], the above substrate specificity would seem to be a unique characteristic of cutinases. Secondly, the hydrolytic activity of the cutinases on PNB appeared much faster than that of the other hydrolytic enzymes mentioned above. Furthermore, the current study proved that even when the cutinases were mixed with large amounts of other hydrolases (lipases or esterases), the Initial hydrolysis rate of PNB was determined only by the cutinase concentration for each PNB concentration. This property of cutinase activity would seem to result from a higher accessibility to the substrate PNB, compared with the other hydrolytic enzymes. Accordingly, these distinct properties of cutinases may be very useful in the rapid and easy isolation of various natural cutinases with different microbial sources, each of which may provide a novel industrial application with a specific enzymatic function.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.17 no.6
• /
• pp.897-904
• /
• 2007

The aim of this paper is to discuss the methodology of our investigation of the dynamics of protein degradation and the total in situ protealytic activity in meso/eutrophic, eutrophic, and hypereutrophic freshwater environments. Analysis of the kinetics and rates of enzymatic release of amino acids in water samples preserved with sodium azide allows determination of the concentrations of labile proteins $(C_{LAB})$, and their half-life time $(T_{1/2})$. Moreover, it gives more realistic information on resultant activity in situ $(V_{T1/2})$ of ecto- and extracellular proteases that are responsible for the biological degradation of these compounds. Although the results provided by the proposed method are general y well correlated with those obtained by classical procedures, they better characterize the dynamics of protein degradation processes, especially in eutrophic or hypereutrophic lakes. In these environments, processes of protein decomposition occur mainly on the particles and depend primarily on a metabolic activity of seston-attached bacteria. The method was tested in three lakes. The different degree of eutrophication of these lakes was clearly demonstrated by the measured real proteolytic pattern and confirmed by conventional trophic state determinants.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.305-313
• /
• 2018

A microbial consortium, TMC7, was enriched for the degradation of natural lignocellulosic materials under high temperature. TMC7 degraded 79.7% of rice straw during 15 days of incubation at $65^{\circ}C$. Extracellular xylanase was effectively secreted and hemicellulose was mainly degraded in the early stage (first 3 days), whereas primary decomposition of cellulose was observed as of day 3. The optimal temperature and initial pH for extracellular xylanase activity and lignocellulose degradation were $65^{\circ}C$ and between 7.0 and 9.0, respectively. Extracellular xylanase activity was maintained above 80% and 85% over a wide range of temperature ($50-75^{\circ}C$) and pH values (6.0-11.0), respectively. Clostridium likely had the largest contribution to lignocellulose conversion in TMC7 initially, and Geobacillus, Aeribacillus, and Thermoanaerobacterium might have also been involved in the later phase. These results demonstrate the potential practical application of TMC7 for lignocellulosic biomass utilization in the biotechnological industry under hot and alkaline conditions.