• ALGAE
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.233-239
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• 2015

Microalgae research is gaining momentum because of their potential biotechnological applications, including the generation of biofuels. Genome sequencing analysis of two model microalgal species, polar free-living Coccomyxa sp. C-169 and symbiotic Chlorella sp. NC64A, revealed insights into the factors responsible for their lifestyle and unravelled biotechnologically valuable proteins. However, genome sequence analysis under-explored cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s), heme-thiolate proteins ubiquitously present in species belonging to different biological kingdoms. In this study we performed genome data-mining, annotation and comparative analysis of P450s in these two model algal species. Sixty-nine P450s were found in two algal species. Coccomyxa sp. showed 40 P450s and Chlorella sp. showed 29 P450s in their genome. Sixty-eight P450s (>100 amino acid in length) were grouped into 32 P450 families and 46 P450 subfamilies. Among the P450 families, 27 P450 families were novel and not found in other biological kingdoms. The new P450 families are CYP745-CYP747, CYP845-CYP863, and CYP904-CYP908. Five P450 families, CYP51, CYP97, CYP710, CYP745, and CYP746, were commonly found between two algal species and 16 and 11 P450 families were unique to Coccomyxa sp. and Chlorella sp. Synteny analysis and gene-structure analysis revealed P450 duplications in both species. Functional analysis based on homolog P450s suggested that CYP51 and CYP710 family members are involved in membrane ergosterol biosynthesis. CYP55 and CYP97 family members are involved in nitric oxide reduction and biosynthesis of carotenoids. This is the first report on comparative analysis of P450s in the microalgal species Coccomyxa sp. C-169 and Chlorella sp. NC64A.

• 공업화학
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.285-289
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• 2009

최근 지구온난화 및 식량문제에 대한 관심이 증대되면서 그 해결책으로 미세조류에 대한 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 특히 광합성 미세조류 Spirulina platensis는 이산화탄소를 고정할 수 있으며, 영양적 가치가 우수하여 많은 관심을 받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 Spirulina platensis NIES 39의 대량 배양을 위한, 배양온도, 초기 pH, 조도, 탄소와 질소원의 농도 등의 요인에 대한 최적 조건을 확립하고자 하였다. 배양 온도 $35^{\circ}C$에서 초기 pH 9.5, 조도 4500 lux에서 건조균체중량 2.10 g/L, 클로로필 함량 29.53 mg/L로 가장 우수한 결과를 나타내었으며, 이때의 탄소원과 질소원의 농도는 각각 16.8 g/L $NaHCO_3$, 2.5 g/L $NaNO_3$이었다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.289-309
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• 2019

Marine microalgae have long been used as food additives and feeds for juvenile fish and invertebrates as their nutritional content is beneficial for humans and marine aquaculture species. Recently, they have also been recognized as a promising source for cosmeceutical, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical products as well as biofuels. Marine microalgae of various species are rich in multiple anti-oxidant phytochemicals and their bioactive components have been employed in cosmetics and dietary supplements. Oil contents in certain groups of marine microalgae are extraordinarily rich and abundant and therefore have been commercialized as omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid supplements and mass production of microalgae-based biodiesels has been demonstrated by diverse research groups. Numerous natural products from marine microalgae with significant biological activities are reported yearly and this is attributed to their unique adaptive abilities to the great diversity of marine habitats and harsh conditions of marine environments. Previously unknown toxin compounds from red tide-forming dinoflagellates have also been identified which opens up potential applications in the blue biotechnology sector. This review paper provides a brief overview of the biotechnological potentials of Korean marine microalgae. We hope that this review will provide guidance for future marine biotechnology R&D strategies and the various marine microalgae-based industries in Korea.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.160-164
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• 1999

해양 세균을 이용하여 규조류, Chaetoceros spp. 적조의 방제기술 개발을 위한 목적의 일환으로 우리나라 연안에서 분리된 Alteromonas sp. SR-14가 여러 가지 조건하에서 Chaetoceros calcitrans의 증식에 미치는 영향을 조사하였으며 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. Alteromonas sp. SR-14를 C. calcitrans와 혼합배양하였을 때 조류 증식 저해활성은 $20^{\circ}C$에서는 강하였으나 $25^{\circ}C$ 이상에서는 활성이 없었다. 그리고 C. calcitrans의 초기농도가 약 $10^4$ cells/ml이었을 때 Alteromonas sp. SR-14를 10 cells/ml 이하만 접종하여도 증식을 저해하였다. Alteromonas sp. SR-14는 대수기의 C. calcitrans에 대해서 저해 활성이 강하였고, 무기 영양염의 첨가나 1,300$\~$4,600 lux에서 조도변화 및 200 rpm으로의 진탕 등의 배양조건은 세균의 조류증식 저해활성에 영향을 미치지 않았다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.658-664
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• 2011

Rotifers of the genus Brachionus are commonly used as a live food for larval fish, and rotifers of different sizes are preferred according the mouth size of the fish. Rotifer species vary in size, and individual size can depend on the temperature and salinity of the rearing environment. We investigated the effects of temperature and salinity for two species, B. plicatilis (250-300 ${\mu}m$) and B. rotundiformis (100-220 ${\mu}m$). Two strains of B. plicatilis (CCUMP 36 and 48) and two strains of B. rotundiformis (CCUMP 51 and 56) were received from the Culture Collection of Useful Marine Plankton (CCUMP) at Pukyong National University and cultured with the green alga, Nannochloris oculata (KMMCC 16) from the Korea Marine Microalgal Culture Center (KMMCC). The growth and size of rotifers were examined at three water temperatures ($16^{\circ}C$, $24^{\circ}C$, $32^{\circ}C$) and four salinities (20 psu, 25 psu, 30 psu, 35 psu) under continuous light (40 ${\mu}molm^{-2}s^{-1}$). The maximum density and growth rate of B. rotundiformis were greater than those of B. plicatilis. The lorica length of B. plicatilis ranged from 215.4 to 269.7 ${\mu}m$ and from 154.9 to 206.6 ${\mu}m$ for B. rotundiformis, depending on strain, temperature and salinity. Rotifers were smaller when cultured at high temperatures, regardless of salinity. B. rotundiformis preferred higher salinity than B. plicatilis. The results demonstrated that the size of rotifers could be controlled to some extent by temperature and salinity.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.260-267
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• 2023

In this study, we sought to improve lutein and zeaxanthin production in Mychonastes sp. 247 and investigated the effect of environmental factors on lutein and zeaxanthin productivity in Mychonastes sp. The basic medium selection and N:P ratio were adjusted to maximize cell growth in one-stage culture, and lutein and zeaxanthin production conditions were optimized using a central composite design for two-stage culture. The maximum lutein production was observed at a light intensity of 60 μE/m²/s and salinity of 0.49%, and the maximum zeaxanthin production was observed at a light intensity of 532 μE/m²/s and salinity of 0.78%. Lutein and zeaxanthin production in the optimized medium increased by up to 2 and 2.6 folds, respectively, compared to that in the basic medium. Based on these results, we concluded that the optimal conditions for lutein and zeaxanthin production are different and that optimization of light intensity and culture salinity conditions may help increase carotenoid production. This study presents a useful and potential strategy for optimizing microalgal culture conditions to improve the productivity of lutein and zeaxanthin, which has applications in the functional food field.

• ALGAE
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.111-126
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• 2023

Mixotrophic dinoflagellates act as primary producers, prey, and predators in marine planktonic food webs, whereas exclusively autotrophic dinoflagellates are primary producers and prey. Species of the dinoflagellate genus Scrippsiella are commonly found in marine ecosystems and sometimes cause harmful red tides. Among the 28 formally described Scrippsiella species, S. acuminata has been found to be mixotrophic and two unidentified species have been found to be mixotrophic. To determine whether the other species in this genus are similarly mixotrophic, the mixotrophic ability of S. donghaiensis SDGJ1703, S. lachrymosa SLBS1703, S. masanensis SSMS0908, S. plana SSSH1009A, and S. ramonii VGO1053 was explored using 15 potential prey items, including 2-㎛ fluorescently labeled microspheres (FLM) and heterotrophic bacteria (FLB), the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp., and various microalgal prey species. The ability of S. acuminata to feed on FLM and FLB was also investigated. We found that S. donghaiensis, S. lachrymosa, S. masanensis, S. plana, and S. ramonii did not feed on any potential prey tested in this study, indicating a lack of mixotrophy. However, S. acuminata fed on both FLM and FLB, confirming its mixotrophic ability. These results lowered the proportion of mixotrophic species relative to the total number of tested Scrippsiella species for mixotrophy from 100% to 29-38%. Owing to its mixotrophic ability, S. acuminata occupies an ecological niche that is distinct from that of S. donghaiensis, S. lachrymosa, S. masanensis, S. plana, and S. ramonii.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.401-410
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• 2007

국내에서 해양원생동물의 연구는 1990년대 초반에 본격적으로 시작되어 주로 원생동물의 분포와 섭식 등에 관한 연구가 진행되어왔다. 본 논문에서는 마산만 표영 환경에서의 박테리아와 원생동물의 분포, 박테리아와 원생동물의 상호작용과 원생동물과 식물플랑크톤의 상호작용의 특성에 대해 알아보고 앞으로의 연구방향에 대해 토의하였다. 마산만에서 종속영양 미소편모류의 현존량은 평균 $1.2{\times}10^3\;cells\;mL^{-1}$, 종속영양 와편모류는 평균 $7.9{\times}10^4\;cells\;mL^{-1}$, 섬모충류는 평균 $4.0{\times}10^4\;cells\;L^{-1}$로 나타났으며 전반적으로 엽록소-a 농도, 박테리아와 원생동물의 현존량은 유기물 유입이 많은 내만 정점에서 높게 나타났다. 종속영양 미소편모류는 박테리아 이차생산의 약 69%를 제거하는 것으로 나타나 박테리아 생물량을 조절할 것으로 판단되며 소형부유동물은 미소조류 및 박테리아와 양의 상관관계를 보였고 식물플랑크톤에 대한 섭식율(평균 24%)로 인해 이들 생물군집들에게 영향을 주었을 것으로 추정된다. 따라서 마산만에서 원생동물은 박테리아와 미소조류의 성장을 조절하고 이들의 생물량을 상위영양단계로 직접 전달하는 것으로 사료된다. 특히 종속영양 미소편모류는 마산만에서 박테리아의 주 포식자일 것으로 추정된다. 또한 마산만은 후생동물 먹이망보다 미세생물 먹이망이 상당히 잘 발달된 곳으로 추정된다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.654-658
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• 1999

패류 인공종묘생산시 양질의 먹이를 원활하게 공급하기 위하여 장기간 보관이 가능한 건조먹이를 생산하여, 굴 유생을 대상으로 이용 가능성을 조사하였다. 이를 위하여 건조먹이의 생화학성분과 지방산 조성을 분석한 결과, 생화학성분 조성은 생먹이 및 농축먹이와 차이가 없었다. 지방산 조성은 건조먹이가 생먹이보다 PUFA DHA 및 EPA의 비율이 높았으며 (p<0.05) 특히 EPA는 생먹이보다 7.35배 높았다. 농축먹이에 건조먹이를 비율별로 혼합하여 굴 유생을 15일간 사육한 후 유생의 생존율과 지질 함량을 분석한 결과, 건조먹이를 $30\%$까지 혼합하여 사용하여도 생먹이만을 공급한 것보다 굴 유생의 생존율이 향상되었으며, 그중 건조먹이를 $10\%$ 혼합하여 사육하면 생먹이만으로 사육한 것보다 생존율이 2.1배 향상되었다(p<0.05) 15일째 굴 유생의 지질 함량은 건조먹이를 $10\%$ 혼합하여 사육한 경우 생먹이만을 공급한 것보다 약 1.6배 높았다. 따라서 패류의 종묘를 생산하지 않는 시기에 먹이생물을 배양하여 건조먹이 형태로 보관하여 두었다가, 농축먹이와 혼합하여 사용한다면, 보다 간편하게 먹이를 공급할 수도 있으며 아울러 유생의 생존율도 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.