• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.138-143
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• 2001

Microalbuminuria is a strong predictor of diabetic nephropathy and is also associated with increased mortality in people with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus(NIDDM) patients. Improved glycemic control and dietary protein restriction are recommended to retard and avoid developing microalbuminuria. The purpose of this study was to measure the dietary counseling effects for diabetes mellitus patients with microalbuminuria. To investigate the effects of the dietary counseling effect, thirty NIDDM patients with microalbuminuria were selected from outpatient diabetic clinic of Seoul National University Hospital for this study. None of them had evidence of renal and heart complications. For 24 weeks, they received individualized dietary counseling 3 times. The results of this study can be summarized as follows 1) Dietary protein and calorie intake decreased significantly from 79.8$\pm$29.9g/d to 66.6$\pm$16.5g/d, from 1845.4$\pm$631.9kcal to 1515.7$\pm$392.7kcal after dietary counseling, respectively (p<0.05). 2)The glycosylate hemoglobin level showed significantly decreased after dietary counseling(p<0.05). However there were no change in lipid profiles and blood pressure after counseling. 3) There was a significant correlation between the duration of disease and the amount of microalbuminuria. Any other cardiovascular risk factors, such as duration of diabetes, total cholesterol level and systolic blood pressure were not correlated with microalbuminuria. These results shown that dietary counseling can be used as an effective therapy to control blood sugar levels for NIDDM patients who are poorly controlled with microalbuminuria.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2007

Many children with microscopic hematuria have been found on school screening examinations. There are not, however, nation-wide criteria for us(specifically, pediatric nephrologists) how to take care of them. Recently, quite a few research papers concerning microalbuminuria with microscopic hematuria, which can predict the renal pathological findings, are published. Here I have reviewed articles on microalbuminuria which gives us the information how to manage microscopic hematuria.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.346-353
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to identify clinical characteristics of type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria. The subjects were 390 out type 2 diabetic patients from beginning of March through the end of April in 2001, who visited at the endocrine center at Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital of Catholic University in Seoul. The patients' clinical laboratory data were assessed at medical record review. The data were analyzed using for t-test and $\chi^2$ test. The results were as follows : 1. There were no significant differences in age, body mass index, family history of diabetes and hypoglycemic agents between normoalbuminuria group and microalbuminuria group. 2. The level of systolic blood pressure and creatinine of microalbuminuria group were higher than those of normoalbuminuria group. There were no significant differences in HbAlc, fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein(a) and blood urea nitrogen between normoalbuminuria group and microalbuminuria group.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제53권9호
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• pp.840-844
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• 2010

Purpose: Microalbuminuria is defined as increased urinary albumin excretion (30-300 mg/day) or microalbumin/creatinine ratio (30-300 mg/g) in a spot urine sample. Although microalbuminuria is a predictor of clinical nephropathy and cardiomyopathy, few studies have investigated microalbuminuria in children with urinary tract infection (UTI). Therefore, we compared the spot urine microalbumin/creatinine ratio in pediatric UTI patients with that of control subjects. Methods: We investigated the correlation between the ratio in children with UTI and age, height, weight, blood pressure, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), hematuria, vesicoureteral reflux, renal parenchymal defect, and renal scar, and its predictability for UTI complications. Results: We studied 66 patients (42 boys, 24 girls) and 52 healthy children (24 boys, 28 girls). The mean microalbumin/creatinine ratio in UTI patients was statistically significantly increased compared to the control group ($340.04{\pm}321.36mg/g$ vs. $225.68{\pm}154.61mg/g$, $P$=0.0141). The mean value of spot urine microalbumin/creatinine ratio ($384.70{\pm}342.22mg/g$ vs. $264.92{\pm}158.13mg/g$, $P$=0.0341) in 1-23 months age patient group showed statistically significant increase compared to control group. Microalbumin/creatinine ratio showed negative correlation to age (r=-0.29, $P$=0.0167), body surface area (BSA) (r=-0.29, $P$=0.0173) and GFR (r=-0.26, $P$=0.0343). The presence of hematuria ($P$=0.0169) was found to be correlated. Conclusion: The spot urine microalbumin/creatinine ratio in children with UTI was significantly greater than that in normal children, and it was positively correlated with GFR. This ratio is a potential prescreening and prognostic marker in UTI patients. Further studies are required to validate the predictability of microalbuminuria in pediatric UTI patients.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to identify clinical characteristics of type 2 diabetic patients with hypertension. The subjects were 209 type 2 diabetic patients who visited at the endocrine center at Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital of Catholic University in Seoul from beginning of March through the end of April in 2001. The patient's clinical laboratory data were assessed at medical record review. The data were analyzed using for t-test, $x^2$ test. The results were as follows: 1) There were no significant differences in age, body mass index, sex, family history of diabetes and oral hypoglycemic agents between hypertensive group and normotensive group, However, percentage of patients receiving insulin treatment was higher significantly in the hypertensive group. 2) Creatinine and microalbuminuria levels were higher significantly in the hypertensive group. However, fasting blood glucose levels were lower significantly in the hypertensive group. There were no significant differences in $HbA_1c$, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein(a) and blood urea nitrogen between two groups. Our present study supports that Creatinine and microalbuminuria levels were higher significantly in the hypertensive group.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2009

소아청소년기의 당뇨병은 대부분 제1형 당뇨병이나 최근 우리나라를 포함한 서구 사회에서는 제2형 당뇨병의 빈도가 증가하고 있다. 임상소견 상 제1형 당뇨병은 여러 위험인자에 의하여 비교적 전형적인 단계를 거치면서 미세알부민뇨와 당뇨병성 신병증으로 진행하면서 만성 신질환으로 발전하게 되며, 제2형 당뇨병은 비전형적 임상경과를 거치나 신병증 진행율이 높아서, 실제로 당뇨병성 신병증은 전세계 신장대체요법이 필요한 말기 신질환의 가장 많은 원인이며 국내에서도 꾸준히 원인 질환으로서 증가 중이다. 당뇨병이 사춘기 전에 발생하는 경우보다 사춘기나 그 이후에 발생하는 경우에 혈관합병증의 발생이 증가하므로, 사춘기가 위험인자로 작용하며, 이것은 유병기간과 함께 사춘기 전에 소아 당뇨병성 신병증이 발생하는 경우는 매우 드문 이유이다. 제1형과 제2형 당뇨병에서 신병증은 비슷하게 15-25%에서 발병하며, 당뇨병성 신병증과 만성 신질환으로 진행하는 과정 중에 가장 중요한 표식자인 미세알부민뇨는 위험인자이고 병리학적 소견과 관련이 있다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제63권1호
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• pp.20-24
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• 2020

Background: Predicting the prognosis of patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) is very important in determining further management and resource allocation. The prognostication of critically ill children can be challenging; hence, accurate methods for predicting outcomes are needed. Purpose: To evaluate the role of microalbuminuria at admission as a prognostic marker in comparison to standard Pediatric Risk of Mortality (PRISM) and Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction (PELOD) mortality scores in children admitted to the PICU. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2015 to October 2016. Eighty-four patients aged 1 month to 18 years admitted to the PICU of teaching hospitals for more than 24 hours were enrolled by convenience sampling method. Microalbuminuria was estimated by spot urinary albumin-creatinine ratio. PRISM and PELOD scores were calculated using an online calculator. Outcome measures were PICU length of stay, inotrope usage, multiorgan dysfunction, and survival. ACR was compared with mortality scores for predicting survival. Results: Microalbuminuria was present in 79.8% with a median value of 85 mg/g (interquartile range, 41.5-254 mg/g). A positive correlation was found between albumin-creatinine ratio and PICU length of stay (P=0.013, r=0.271). Albumin-creatinine ratio was significantly associated with organ dysfunction (P=0.004) and need for inotropes (P=0.006). Eight deaths were observed in the PICU. The area under the curve for mortality for albumin-creatinine ratio (0.822) was comparable to that for PRISM (0.928) and PELOD (0.877). Albumin-creatinine ratio >109 mg/g predicted mortality with a sensitivity of 87.5% and specificity of 63.2%. Conclusion: Microalbuminuria is a good predictor of PICU outcomes comparable with mortality scores.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.158-163
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• 1991

저자들은 1991년 5월부터 12월까지 영남의료원 내과에 입원한 혈압은 정상이면 소변 검사상 단백뇨가 검사되지 않고 요로감염증이 없는 57명의 환자를 대상으로 방사면역측정법으로 미세단백뇨 측정과 비색법에 의한 단백뇨를 측정 서로 상관관계를 보아 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 미세단백뇨 측정법의 두가지 방법에서 r=0.823 서로 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 2. 미세단백뇨가 증가함에 따라 환자의 나이, 당뇨병 유병기간, body mass index, 당화혈색소, 혈압사이에는 특별한 차이가 없었다. 3. 따라서 검사방법이 간편하여 검사실, 진료실 나아가서는 가정에서도 쉽게 검사할 수 있는 Micral-Test$^{(R)}$을 방사면역법에 의한 검사를 대신할 수 있으리라 사료된다.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2002

Aim To evaluate blood pressure, blood glucose and serum lipid level in obese and nonobese type 2 diabetic patients. Methods 206 obese(76 male, 130 female) and 442 nonobese(208 male, 234 female) type 2 diabetic patients underwent fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose, $HbA_1c$ total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein, microalbuminuria, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and C-peptide were measured. Diabetes was diagnosed according to the American Diabetes Association(ADA)criteria. Obesity was defined as body mass index(BMI, kilograms per meters squared)${\geq}25$. Results In male, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, microalbuminuria and C-peptide were significant higher in obese than nonobese patients. Fasting blood glucose were significantly lower in obese than nonobese patients. Diastolic blood pressure, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose, $HbA_1c$, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine were no difference between 2 groups. In female, triglycerides and C-peptide were significant higher in obese than nonobese patients, Blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose, $HbA_1c$, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, microalbuminuria, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine were no difference between 2 groups. Conclusion Our present study supports that increased triglycerides play a major role in increasing the risk of coronary heart disease(CHD) in obese women type 2 diabetic patients.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.207-218
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• 2016

Background: This study was performed to identify factors associated with the utilization of tests for diabetes complication and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) among diabetes patients in Jeollanam-do, Korea. Methods: The study subjects were 2,310 diabetes patients participated in 2014 community health survey in Jeollanam-do, Korea. Dependent variables were the utilizations of fundus examination, microalbuminuria test, and HbA1c test. The used statistical analysis methods were chi-square test and hierarchical regression analysis with weight in consideration of complex sample design. Results: The utilization rates of fundus examination, microalbuminuria test, and HbA1c test were 25.8%, 27.4%, and 12.3%, respectively. In the results of hierarchical regression, fundus examination was significantly related to age, education level in predisposing factors, residential area in enabling factors and recognition of blood sugar, drug therapy, and subjective health status in need factors. Microalbuminuria examination was significantly related to monthly income, residential area in predisposing and health screening, recognition of blood sugar, drug therapy, diabetic education, number of chronic disease, and subjective health status in need factors. HbA1c examination was significantly related to age, education level, marital status in predisposing factors, residential area in enabling factors and drinking, recognition of blood sugar, drug therapy, and diabetic education in need factors. Conclusion: The results of this study were shown that perception of their disease seriousness, education about diabetes management, and accessibility of tests were important to utilization of test for diabetes complication and HbA1c. It might be necessary to the develop and strength strategies for enhancing the utilization of tests for diabetes complication and management in diabetes patients.