• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.356-363
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• 2015

Microbubbles moving in the turbulent boundary layer are visualized and investigated in the point of frictional drag reduction. The turbulent boundary layer is formed beneath the surface of the 2-D flat plate located in the tunnel test section. The microbubble generator produces mean bubble diameter of 30 – 50 μm. To capture the micro-bubbles passing through the tiny measurement area of 5.6 mm² to 200 mm², the shadowgraphy system is employed appropriately to illuminate bubbles. The velocity field of bubbles reveals that Reynolds stress is reduced in the boundary layer by microbubbles’ activity. To understand the contribution of microbubbles to the drag reduction rate more, much smaller field-of-view is required to visualize the bubble behaviors and to find the 2-D void fraction in the inner boundary layer.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.276-282
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• 2008

The effects of hydrogen enrichment to methane have been investigated with swirl-stabilized premixed hydrogen-enriched methane flame in a laboratory-scale pre-mixed combustor. The hydrogen-enriched methane fuel and air were mixed in a pre-mixer and introduced to the combustor through different degrees of swirl vanes. The flame characteristics were examined for different amount of hydrogen addition to the methane fuel and different swirl strengths. The hydrogen addition effects and swirl intensity on the combustion characteristics of pre-mixed methane flames were examined using micro-thermocouple, particle image velocity meter (PIV) and chemiluminescence techniques to provide information about flow field. The results show that the flame area increases at upstream of reaction zone because of increase in ignition energy from recirculation flow for increase in swirl intensity. The flame area is also increased at the downstream zone by recirculation flow because of increase in swirl intensity which results in higher centrifugal force. The higher combustibility of hydrogen makes reaction faster, raises the temperature of reaction zone and expands the reaction zone, consequently recirculation flow to reaction zone is reduced. The temperature of reaction zone increases with hydrogen addition even though the adiabatic flame temperature of the mixture gas decreases with increase in the amount of hydrogen addition in this experiment condition because the higher combustibility of hydrogen reduces the cooler recirculation flow to the reaction zone.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.593-600
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• 2019

The combustion characteristics of methane/hydrogen pre-mixed flame have been investigated with swirl stabilized flame in a laboratory-scale pre-mixed combustor with constant heat load of 5.81 kW. Hydrogen/methane fuel and air were mixed in a pre-mixer and introduced to the combustor through a burner nozzle with different degrees of swirl angle. The effects of hydrogen addition and swirl intensity on the combustion characteristics of pre-mixed methane flames were examined using particle image velocimetry (PIV), micro-thermocouples, various optical interference filters and gas analyzers to provide information about flow velocity, temperature distributions, and species concentrations of the reaction field. The results show that higher swirl intensity creates more recirculation flow, which reduces the temperature of the reaction zone and, consequently, reduces the thermal NO production. The distributions of flame radicals (OH, CH, C₂) are dependent more on the swirl intensity than the percentage of hydrogen added to methane fuel. The NO concentration at the upper part of the reaction zone is increased with an increase in hydrogen content in the fuel mixture because higher combustibility of hydrogen assists to promote faster chemical reaction, enabling more expansion of the gases at the upper part of the reaction zone, which reduces the recirculation flow. The CO concentration in the reaction zone is reduced with an increase in hydrogen content because the amount of C content is relatively decreased.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.375-383
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• 2002

코일을 이용한 동맥류 색전술은 동맥류 내부에 코일을 삽입하여 혈류 유동의 정체를 유도하여 혈전을 형성시키므로 동맥류를 폐색하는 방법이다. 코일을 이용하여 동맥류를 부분 폐색할 경우 동맥류의 폐색 위치에 따라 동맥류 내부의 유동 특성이 변하며, 이는 동맥류 내부의 현전 형성에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 내경 동맥에서 발생한 측방 동맥류에 코일로 인한 부분 폐색이 발생할 경우, 부분 폐색 위치 및 내경 동맥의 곡률 반경의 변화에 따른 동맥류 내부 혈류 유동의 변화를 생체외 모델 실험을 이용하여 측정하여, 효율적인 동맥류 폐색 위치를 제시하고자한다. 내경동맥에서 발생한 측방 동맥류 내부에 코일을 동맥류 천정 근위부, 천정 원위부, 목 근위부 및 목 원위부에 각각 삽입하여 폐색 위치가 다른 모델을 제작하여, 입자영상속도계를 이용하여 속도장을 측정하였다. 동맥류 주머니의 원위부 폐색은 근위부 폐색에 비해 동맥류 내부고의 유입되는 유동이 적었으므로 동맥류 원위부 폐색이 혈전의 형성 및 동맥류 색전에 효율적임을 나타냈다. 동맥류 목 원위부 폐색은 천정 원위부 폐색에 비해 동맥류 내부로 혈류 유입을 효율적으로 차단하였으므로, 목 원위부 폐색이 동맥류 색전에 가장 효율적인 위치임을 알 수 있었다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.94-131
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• 2007

A review on the papers published in the Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineering in 2004 and 2005 has been done. Focus has been put on current status of research in the aspect of heating, cooling, air-conditioning, ventilation, sanitation and building environment. The conclusions are as follows. (1) Most of fundamental studies on fluid flow were related with heat transportation of facilities. Drop formation and rivulet flow on solid surfaces were interesting topics related with condensation augmentation. Research on micro environment considering flow, heat, humidity was also interesting for comfortable living environment. It can be extended considering biological aspects. Development of fans and blowers of high performance and low noise were continuing topics. Well developed CFD and flow visualization(PIV, PTV and LDV methods) technologies were widely applied for developing facilities and their systems. (2) The research trends of the previous two yews are surveyed as groups of natural convection, forced convection, electronic cooling, heat transfer enhancement, frosting and defrosting, thermal properties, etc. New research topics introduced include natural convection heat transfer enhancement using nanofluid, supercritical cooling performance or oil miscibility of $CO_2$, enthalpy heat exchanger for heat recovery, heat transfer enhancement in a plate heat exchanger using fluid resonance. (3) The literature for the last two years($2004{\sim}2005$) is reviewed in the areas of heat pump, ice and water storage, cycle analysis and reused energy including geothermal, solar and unused energy). The research on cycle analysis and experiments for $CO_2$ was extensively carried out to replace the Ozone depleting and global warming refrigerants such as HFC and HCFC refrigerants. From the year of 2005, the Gas Engine Heat Pump(GHP) has been paid attention from the viewpoint of the gas cooling application. The heat pipe was focused on the performance improvement by the parametric analysis and the heat recovery applications. The storage systems were studied on the performance enhancement of the storage tank and cost analysis for heating and cooling applications. In the area of unused energy, the hybrid systems were extensively introduced and the life cycle cost analysis(LCCA) for the unused energy systems was also intensively carried out. (4) Recent studies of various refrigeration and air-conditioning systems have focused on the system performance and efficiency enhancement. Heat transfer characteristics during evaporation and condensation are investigated for several tube shapes and of alternative refrigerants including carbon dioxide. Efficiency of various compressors and expansion devices are also dealt with for better modeling and, in particular, performance improvement. Thermoelectric module and cooling systems are analyzed theoretically and experimentally. (5) According to the review of recent studies on ventilation systems, an appropriate ventilation systems including machenical and natural are required to satisfied the level of IAQ. Also, an recent studies on air-conditioning and absorption refrigeration systems, it has mainly focused on distribution and dehumidification of indoor air to improve the performance were carried out. (6) Based on a review of recent studies on indoor environment and building service systems, it is noticed that research issues have mainly focused on optimal thermal comfort, improvement of indoor air Quality and many innovative systems such as air-barrier type perimeter-less system with UFAC, radiant floor heating and cooling system and etc. New approaches are highlighted for improving indoor environmental condition as well as minimizing energy consumption, various activities of building control and operation strategy and energy performance analysis for economic evaluation.