• 상하수도학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.155-160
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• 2005

Gravity thickening process has been widely used in WTP sludge thickening at domestic water treatment plant. The operation method of the process is very simple, however, the process requires long detention time about 24~48 hours for sludge thickening, uses polymer, and low total solids of thickened sludge to increase sludge thickening efficiency. To solve there problems, we studied about flotation process, especially, electro-flotation (EF) process in WTP sludge thickening. Electro-flotation process is simpler than dissolved-air-flotation(DAF) process because EF needs only electrode and current to generate micro-bubbles and the operation is easy. This study was performed at two batch columns to compare interface height, total solids, effluent turbidity between an electro-flotation thickening and a gravity thickening. According to the result, an electro-flotation thickening was that interface height was decreasing, total solids had high concentration, and effluent turbidity was low in comparison with a gravity thickening. Also, it will make the high efficiency of following process, such as a dehydrating process and digestive process. because of high total solids and low moisture content in the sludge.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.699-706
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• 2007

Many lakes or irrigative reservoirs in Korea are rapidly contaminated due to the ever increasing pollutants. Although lots of treatment processes have been recommended and practiced, economical and technical improvement is currently needed. In this study, contaminated irrigation reservoir was treated using the proposed process which is consisted of fine air bubbles, coagulation and flotation. Fine bubbles, approximate diameter of 3 to $10{\mu}m$, were generated using cavitation in the pressurized tank and polyaluminum chloride was used as coagulants. This fine bubbles, coagulation and flotation effectively controlled the low density algae, for example, Chlorophyll-a was removed more than 97 %. Removal efficiency of COD, SS, T-N and T-P were 80.7%, 94.3%, 64.1 % and 92.4%, respectively. Pollutants released from the sediments was removed more than 80% of organics and 60-70 % of nutrients. Consequently, fine bubbles coagulation and flotation process could be effectively used as an alternative treatment method for the purpose of control of lake water quality.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.447-452
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 고분자 중공사막 모듈을 산기 도구로 사용하여 미세 기포 발생을 도모하였고 영상정보를 기반으로 하는 이미지 분석 기법을 적용하여 발생한 기포 특성을 파악하고자 하였다. 기포의 이미지 분석 결과, 고분자 중공사막 모듈을 통해 수중에 분사된 기포는 산기석을 통한 기포보다 약 30~64% 작은 크기로 발생되는 것을 관찰하였고, 기포의 70% 이상이 0.2~0.82 mm 범위에 분포된 반면, 산기석의 경우는 0.77~1.08 mm의 범위에 속한 기포가 80% 이상이었다. 산기석과 고분자 중공사막모듈을 각각 기포발생 장치로 사용한 부상조를 운영하였을 때 반응조에 잔존하는 플록의 크기는 산기석을 이용했을 때가 고분자 중공사막 모듈의 경우보다 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 이는 고분자 중공사막 모듈에 의해 발생한 미세기포가 충돌 효율의 증가 때문에 크기가 작은 콜로이드 입자들까지 응집/부상할 수 있는 기회를 제공하였기 때문이다. 따라서 부상공정에 고분자 중공사막모듈을 산기장치로 활용하였을 경우 응집부상 제거효율이 증가할 수 있는 가능성을 보였다. 또한 본 연구에서 사용한 이미지 분석기법은 제공된 영상정보를 기반으로 기포의 기초 특성들과 관련된 정보습득을 위한 분석도구로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제39권7호
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• pp.617-624
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• 2015

용존공기부상법이란 오염물에 미세기포를 부착하여 수표면으로 부상시킴으로써 이를 제거하는 수처리 방법이다. 본 연구에서는 난류모델에 따른 용존공기부상조 내부 유동해석의 변화를 고찰하기 위해 물과 기포의 혼합물에 대한 2상 유동을 모사하였다. 이때, 주어진 용존공기부상조 형상 및 조건에 대하여 다양한 난류모델에 따른 용존공기부상법 내부의 미세기포 분포량, 계산시간 및 수렴성 등을 비교하였으며, 그 결과 기존에 주로 사용되었던 표준 ${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$ 모델이 타 난류모델과는 다른 거동을 예측하는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.222-227
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• 2004

Flotation processes involve the use of very small bubbles (micro-bubbles) to separate particles from water. The process has become a good alternative to sedimentation, especially where the particles are small or of low density. Although the flotation process commences with a collision between particles and bubbles, most research has been focused only on the characteristics of the particles. In this paper, recent theoretical and experimental research on the characteristics of bubbles is summarized. The effect on the collision efficiency of the size and charge of bubbles is calculated through trajectory analysis. The size and charge of bubbles are measured under different conditions and the ramifications of the results are discussed. The results may lead to a better understanding and optimization of the existing process. In particular, we discuss an idea that a new advanced flotation process might be possible by the modification of the characteristics of the bubble alone or of both bubble and particle.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.767-774
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• 2005

The DOF (Dissolved Ozone Flotation) system was used to treat the effluent of the secondary wastewater treatment plant. The DOF system uses ozone instead of air, while DAF (Dissolved Air Flotation) uses air. Moreover, since the solubility of ozone is higher than air, the DOF system produces larger volume of micro-bubbles than the DAF system does. Thus, the DOF system performs better than the DAF system in floating ability. The DOF system could remove 70% of turbidity to an average of 0.59NTU in effluent from 2.31NTU in influent. The removal efficiency of absorbance measured with UV-254 in the effluent of the DOF system was 63%, while only 19% was removed by the DAF system. the DOF system removed 84% of the color from 25~26CU to 4CU, while DAF system removed 42% of the color to 15 CU. The CODMn removal efficiency of the DOF system was 34%, 6.8mg/l of effluent $COD_{Mn}$ concentratin, while it was 20%, 8.3mg/L of effluent $COD_{Mn}$ concentratin, to use the DAF system. Microbial bacteria such as coliform bacteria, and heterotrophic bacteria were removed over 99% by the DOF system, and 42~45% by the DAF system. That is, Microbial bacteria were almost completely destroyed by the DOF system. To sum up with, the DOF system was found to be very effective to treat effluent of the wastewater treatment plant.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.663-669
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• 2002

Electro-flotation (EF) has shown advantages, such as a high removal efficiency and easy control of bubble generation, over dissolved air flotation. However, the fundamental characteristics of the process have not been investigated in detail. According to recent modeling results from trajectory analysis, the size of the bubble is one of the most important factors that affect the efficiency of collision between bubble and particle. In this paper, the size characteristics of bubbles generated from EF under various conditions are measured using a new method for bubble size measurement, the Particle Counter Method (PCM). The size of the generated bubbles was found to be constant with respect to applied voltage but to vary with the electrode materials. These results and their implications are discussed.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.737-742
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• 2013

본 연구는 양식장 퇴적토의 효과적 제거를 위해 초음파와 마이크로 공기를 이용한 퇴적토 부상제거를 위한 연구이다. 통영지역 양식장 퇴적토는 중금속 오염은 없으나 많은 양의 유기물을 함유한 것으로 파악되었고 수질보전을 위해 이들 퇴적토의 효과적 제거가 필요한 실정이다. 실험실 규모의 실험에서 초음파를 사용하지 않은 경우는 마이크로 공기를 주입하더라도 제거율은 초음파를 사용한 경우보다 현격히 낮아 초음파 사용이 필요함을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 마이크로 공기 주입시 응집제의 사용은 퇴적토 입자의 크기를 증가시켜 마이크로 공기에 의한 부상을 용이하게 하여 제거율이 크게 향상되었다. 퇴적토 양에 따른 부상제거 실험에서는 퇴적토 양이 증가함에 따라 제거율이 95.8% (1 g/L)에서 83.9% (8 g/L)로 감소하였으나, 대부분의 미세입자는 마이크로 공기에 의해 부상처리되어 제거되었음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.23-27
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 해수담수화의 효율을 높이기 위한 효율적인 전처리 기법을 찾기 위해 응집제 투입과 같이 마이크로 공기를 주입하여 전처리 효율을 측정하였다. $AlCl_3{\cdot}6H_2O$와 PGA 응집제 주입량에 따른 탁도 제거효율을 알아보았다. 탁도 유발 물질은 해저퇴적토와 해양미세조류를 선정하여 실험에 필요한 탁도를 구현하였다. 퇴적토 함유 인공해수는 $AlCl_3{\cdot}6H_2O$ 0.5g/L 주입 시 제거율 73.7%를 얻은 반면 PGA 경우 0.05g/L 주입만으로 92.4% 제거율을 얻었다. 미세조류 함유 인공해수 또한 PGA 응집제 0.05g/L의 주입 만으로 95% 이상의 높은 제거효율을 보였다. 퇴적토를 함유 인공 해수에 비해 미세조류를 함유한 인공해수에서 효율이 더 좋았으며, 두 경우 모두 0.1g/L의 PGA 응집제 투입 후 1분간의 응집과정을 거친 후 마이크로 공기를 5초간 주입하였을 때 최적의 제거효율을 보여주었다. 마이크로 공기 주입 후 약 10분 후 최고의 탁도 제거율에 도달하였다. 본 연구결과를 통해 높은 탁도를 가진 해수일지라도 응집제와 마이크로 공기를 주입할 시 신속히 제거가 되었으므로, 본 연구결과는 해수 전처리에 효과적으로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.107-113
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• 2012

Pollutants in aquaculture system effluent mostly originated from solid wastes including uneaten feed and excreta of cultured species. In this research, DAF(Dissolved Air Flotation) unit is suggested as an integrated solid control unit especially as a form of IIBG(Inline Injection Bubble Generation) process in aquaculture system. Solid removal performance of DAF unit was examined under various operation and salinity conditions with turbidity and suspended solid. Solid waste removal efficiencies were found to be affected by operation conditions including saturator pressure, recycle ratio, coagulant concentration. Solid removal efficiency was higher under higher saturator pressure and recycle ratio under which condition larger number of bubbles is generated. Coagulant is thought to have important role in creating bubble-particle aggregate by showing better removal efficiency with higher concentration. However higher saline water showed less effectiveness in removing solids by DAF(IIBG). Application of DAF(IIBG) process also showed additional effect in phosphate removal and DO(Dissolved Oxygen) supply. Phosphate existed in polluted water was removed up to 46% after treatment, which is thought to attribute to aluminium phosphate precipitation. And DO concentration was found to increase over 50% of initial saturation concentration after the injection of micro-bubbles. Through experiments on solid removal from aquaculture effluent, DAF(IIBG) process is estimated to be effective solid control method. This property can help aquaculture system being installed and operated simply and effectively.