• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.203-209
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• 2011

Magnesium (Mg) plays an essential role in physiological and metabolic reactions. Recently, there has been an increased interest in the role of Mg deficiency, particularly the relationship between serum Mg value and inflammatory response. This study was designed to determine the relationship between serum Mg deficiency with inflammatory response, electrolytes and hematological alteration over long-term periods. Sixteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups: control (n=8), and Mg deficiency group (MgD group, n=8). Chow and normal water (tap water) were regularly provided to the control group and Mg-depleted chow and third distilled water were regularly provided for 60 days to the MgD group. Body weights, Serum Mg, $K^+$, inorganic phosphorus (IP) and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) levels in the MgD group were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). Granulocyte fraction and MCV, RDW and PDW levels were higher, whereas lymphocyte fraction, erythrocyte, hemoglobin and MCHC levels were lower in the MgD group than in the control group (P<0.05). MCP-1 and TNF-${\alpha}$ levels in the MgD group were greater than those of the control group (P<0.05). In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that Mg deficiency over a long-term period had not altered total leukocyte concentration in the blood, but had detrimental effects, including disturbances of electrolytes balance, disturbance of iron indices, potential anemia and elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokine. However, further studies should be performed to determine the relationship between serum Mg deficiency and major organ damage or alteration.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.384-389
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• 2004

Crystal structure and microwave dielectric properties of Ba(Mg1/3Nb2/3) $O_3$ (BMN) ceramics were investigated. Ba(Mg1/3Nb2/3) $O_3$ has the 1:2 ordered hexagonal structure. The 1:2 ordering and relative density of specimens increased with small Mg deficiency(x). The variation of Q${\times}$ $f_{0}$ with Mg deficiency is very similar to that of 1:2 ordering and relative density. The highest Q${\times}$ $f_{0}$ achieved in this investigation is about 96,000 for Ba(Mg1/3Nb2/3) $O_3$. The improvement of Q${\times}$ $f_{0}$ with Mg-deficiency is related to the increase of degree of ordering and relative density of the specimen.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.46-50
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• 2003

Crystal structure and microwave dielectric properties of $Ba(Mg_{1/3-x}Nb_{2/3})O_3$ (BMN) ceramics were investigated. $Ba(Mg_{1/3}Nb_{2/3})O_3$ has the 1:2 ordered hexagonal structure. The 1:2 ordering and relative density of specimens increased with small Mg deficiency(x). The variation of Q-value with Mg deficiency is very similar to that of 1:2 ordering and relative density. The highest $Q{\times}f_0$ achieved in this investigation is about 96,000 for $Ba(Mg_{1/3-0.02}Nb_{2/3})O_3$. The improvement of Q-value with Mg-deficiency is related to the increase of degree of ordering and relative density of the specimen.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.347-355
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• 2009

Grape fruit quality can be deteriorated with leaf chlorosis caused by magnesium (Mg) deficiency during fruit coloring season in several grapevine varieties. The occurrence of leaf chlorosis and soil Mg states for four grapevine varieties (Campbell Early, Muscat bailey A (MBA), Sheridan, and Kyoho) in the vineyards of Gyeongsan and Youngcheon were surveyed. The relationships between leaf chlorosis and fruit qualities were also investigated. Leaf chlorosis was more widely found and the symptom was stronger in Campbell Early in comparison to the other varieties. Sugar content and Hunter values (L, a, b) of grape fruit were significantly lower in the trees of chlorosis when compare to healthy grapevine trees. Soil Mg contents in the vineyards where leaf chlorosis was found were lower than the optimum level for grapevine. Also Mg content in the petioles of chlorosis grapevines was significantly lower than healthy grapevines. Application of Mg through foliar spray and soil fertigation was quite effective in correcting deficiencies of Mg in grapevine. Proper management of soil Mg availability and K/Mg ratio is strongly recommended to prevent Mg deficiency in grapevine.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.1278-1287
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• 2002

To record the prevalence of macro-minerals deficiency in buffaloes, a survey was conducted in certain parts of Northern India. The prevalence of soil Ca, P, Mg, Na, P and K deficiency was 21.35%, 23.30%, 28.64%, 3.61% and 6.84%, respectively while that of fodder Ca, P, Mg, Na and K deficiency was 13.88%, 16.55%, 19.72%, 3.54% and 4.86%, respectively. The overall prevalence of serum (buffalo) Ca, P, Mg, Na and K deficiency in certain parts of northern India was 25.48%, 24.66%, 24.36%, 4.42% and 3.28%, respectively. The correlation coefficient of Ca, P, Mg, Na and K in soil, fodder and serum was significant and in most of the cases the values were above 0.6. The highest deficiency of macro-minerals i.e. Ca, P, Mg, Na and K was found in plain regions, followed by Tarai (foot hill of Himalayas) region and finally the hilly region. For therapeutic studies, three types of mineral mixture were prepared according to deficiency obtained and fed to three groups of deficient animals. Observations were recorded on 0, 30, 60 and 75 day. In group A animals normal mineral mixture was provided, where as in group C and D 10% and 25% more of Ca, P, Mg were provided, respectively. There was an increase in body weight, milk yield, haemoglobin concentration, and total erythrocyte count. Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate amino transferase in group D animals. There was a decrease in heart rate, respiratory rate and alkaline phosphatase in group D animal after mineral supplement. Thus showing the efficacy when supplements 3 provided to group D animals.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1989

We have recently reported that $Mg^{++}-deficiency$ showed endothelium dependent relaxation in isolated canine coronary arteries precontracted with $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$. To differentiate the release of EDRF or $PGI_2$ from the endothelium cells as the cause of vasorelaxation by $Mg^{++}-deficiency$, effects of several inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism on the relaxation by $Mg^{++}-deficiency$ were evaluated and also compared with that of acetylcholine. Ibuprofen and tranylcypromine ($10{\mu}M$), an inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase and $PGI_2$ synthetase, respectively, did not effect on $Mg^{++}-free$ induced vasorelaxation. Pretreatment of quinacrine ($10{\mu}M$), an inhibitor of phospholipase $A_2$ and also $Ca^{++}$ uptake, blocked vasorelaxation by $Mg^{++}-free$. But trifluoperazine ($10{\mu}M$), which is about as potent as quinacrine in the inhibition of $Ca^{++}$ uptake, did not effect on $Mg^{++}-deficiency$ induced vasorelaxation. NDGA ($10{\mu}M$), an inhibitor of lipoxygenase, completely restored $Mg^{++}-free$ induced vasorelaxation, even though pretreatment of that was not blocked which might be due to the characteristics of vasorelaxation of NDGA itself. Pretreatment of methylene blue ($10{\mu}M$), which is known as a inhibitor of EDRF through the blocking effect of guanylate cyclase, completely blocked vasorelaxation by $Mg^{++}-free$ as well as acetylcholine ($0.1{\mu}M$). Acetylcholine-induced dose response curve was also antagonized by pretreatment of quinacrine ($10{\mu}M$), but not by ibuprofen, tranylcypromine and NDGA. These results appear to suggest that $Mg^{++}-free$ induced vasorelaxation was mediated by the release of EDRF through the activation of phospholipase $A_2$ and noncyclo-oxygenase on arachidonate metabolism.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.705-712
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to assess the zinc and copper nutritional status of 102 college women by measuring zinc and copper intake, hematological parameters of zinc and copper, hair zinc and urinary excretion of zinc and copper. The mean zinc intake was 5.5mg(45.8% RDA) with food analysis and 4.5mg(37.8% RDA) with computation from food composition table. The copper intake with food analysis was 2.3mg and 1.2mg with computation. Mean serum zinc concentration was 77.02ug/dl and the proportion of subjects with zinc deficiency estimated by serum zinc(<70ug/dl)was 23.0%. Mean serum copper concentration was 121.80ug/dl and 4.1% of subjects showed serum copper less than 70ug/dl, The mean ceruloplasmin concentration was 22.63mg/dl and the proportion of subjects whose ceruloplasmin was lower than 18-40mg/dl was 6.6%. The mean hair zinc of subjects was 143.8ppm and the mean hair copper was 11.2ppm. The mean urinary excretion of zinc was 0.43mg/day and the proportion of subjects with marginal deficiency estimated by urinary zinc excretion( <0.3mg/day) was 23.3%. The mean urinary copper excretion was 0.044mg/day which was within the normal range(0.01-0.06mg/day). Assessing by zinc content in hair, urine and serum, 22.9-23.3% of college women had bordeline zinc deficiency or zinc deficiency. Whereas 4.1-6.6% of college women was assessed copper deficiency estimated by serum copper and ceruloplasmin.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.301-308
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• 1994

The individual and combined effects of acidic rain, Mg deficiency (-Mg) and Al surplus (＋Al) on the growth of shoots and roots of pitch pine seedlings and the effect of humic substances (Lit) on Al toxicity were investigated. The growth of height and dry matter were not significantly less for pitch pine seedlings sprayed with simulated acid rain (SAR) of pH 3.5 than for those sprayed with SAR of pH 5.6. But treatments of Al and ＋Al-Mg in soil solution reduced the growth of seedlings in terms of height of shoots, and dry matter of shoots or roots. Effect of Mg deficiency on the growth of seedlings was apparent only when Al was treated simutaneously. The growth of seedlings, regardless of rain pH, decreased in the following order: control=-Mg>Lit＋Al>＋Al>＋Al-Mg. Treatments of Al and ＋Al-Mg in soil solution reduced the total length of secondary and teritary roots of seedlings regardless of rain pH, and decreased in the following order: the primary root

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.787-792
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to estimate the iron availability and to analyze dietary factors which influence hematological indices of 130 female adolescents with iron deficiency anemia. Intakes of iron and other nutrients were estimated using a self-administrated questionnaire combined with the 24-hour recall mehtod and iron availability was calculated by Monsen's method. Mean daily intakes of calorie, protein and vitamin C were 1631.0kcal(77.7% of RDA), 54.7g(84.2% of RDA) and 45.7mg(83.0% of RDA), respectively. In terms of iron, mean daily intake was 8.7mg(48.3% of RDA) and heme iron intake was 3.0mg which correspond to 34% of total iron intake. The amount of total absorbable iron was 1.5mg and the estimated bioavailability of dietary iron was 17.2%. In summary, intake of several nutrients for most of the subjects were under RDA. Dietary factors affecting hematological indices were analyzed by stepwise multiple regression. Intake of vitamin C was a major determinant of Hb level, while both intake of enhancing factor and iron availability were major determinants of serum ferritin level. In conclusion proper nutritional education and guidance for iron deficiency anemic female adoalescent needs to be developed and to improve their iron storage should be increased intakes of enhancing factors, female adoalescents.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.113-119
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• 2007

Zn is an essential nutrient that is required in humans and animals for many physiological functions, including immune and antioxidant function, growth, and reproduction. The present study evaluated whether Zn deficiency would negatively affect bone-related enzyme, ALP, and other bone-related minerals (Ca, P and Mg) in rats. Thirty Sprague Dawley rats were assigned to one of the three different Zn dietary groups, such as Zn adequate (ZA, 35 mg/kg), pair fed (PF, 35 mg/kg), Zn deficient (ZD, 1 mg/kg) diet, and fed for 10 weeks. Food intake and body weight were measured daily and weekly, respectively. ALP was measured by spectrophotometry and mineral contents were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass, spectrophotometer (ICP-MS). Zn deficient rats showed decreased food intake and body weight compared with Zn adequate rats (p<0.05). Zn deficiency reduced ALP activity in blood (RBC, plasma) and the tissues (liver, kidney and small intestine) (p<0.05). Also, Zn deficiency reduced mineral concentrations in rat tissues (Ca for muscle and liver, and Mg for muscle and liver) (p<0.05). The study results imply the requirement of proper Zn nurture for maintaining bone growth and formation.