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Effect of Sowing Date and Days after Sowing on Rice Seedling Characters Raised in an Automatic Facility (벼 자동화(自動化)에서 육묘(育苗)에서 파종기(播種期)와 육묘기간(育苗期間)이 묘소질(苗素質)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Sung, Hoe Kyung;Pi, Jae Seung;Sohn, Jae Keun
    • Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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    • v.18
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    • pp.53-60
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    • 2000
  • Seedling characteristics of rice sowed at different sowing date in an automatic facility were studied at different days after sowing (DAS). The objective was to determine the optimum sowing date and age of rice seedlings at three locations in the Kyongbuk Province of Korea viz, Andong, Euisung and Kyongsan. Heigbt and shoot dry weight of rice seedlings increased from 10 to 20 DAS and with a delay in sowing time from April to June. In these intervals shoot dry weight-height ratio decreased. For rice seeded in the last ten days of April, optimum seedling characteristics were attained between 15 to 20 DAS at Andong and Euisong and 15 DAS at Kyongsan. At the three locations, 10-day-seedlings exhibited superior characteristics to 15- and 20-day-seedlings for rice seeded in May and June. Rice seedlings of different ages were transplanted at a paddy field to determine the effect of seedling age on yield potential. The mean yield of 10-day-seedlings was 5% higher than that of 35-day-seedlings raised by the conventional method. The yield of 20-day-seedlings was 9% lower than that of 35-day-seedlings. Varietal differences in seedling characteristics of 13 rice cultivars were evaluated for the seedlings seeded in the automatic facility on June. Ten-day old seedlings ranged in height from 13.3 to 17.5 cm and shoot dry weight from 7.7 to 9.4 mg. Two cultivars, Daesanbyeo and Hwayeongbyeo, exhibited superior seedling traits compared to the remaining 11 cultivars and were, therefore, better adapted to the automatic seedling-raising facility.

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Lipids and Fatty Acid Composition of Garlic (Allium sativum Linnaeus) (마늘의 지방질(脂肪質) 및 지방산(脂肪酸) 조성에 관한 연구)

  • Yang, Kyu-Yeol;Shin, Hyo-Sun
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.388-393
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    • 1982
  • Lipids extracted from two garlic samples (Allium sativum Linnaeus) were studied. Total lipid content of the samples ranged from 310 to 342mg/100g of fresh garlic. These lipids were shown to consist of $36.4{\sim}43.5%$ neutral lipids, $20.3{\sim}24.3%$ glycolipids, and $36.2{\sim}39.3%$ phospholipids. Among the neutral lipids, triglycerides were predominant $(80.5{\sim}83.6%)$ with smaller amounts of free sterols, free fatty acids, and sterol esters being present. 1, 2-Diacylglycerol acetates, 1, 3-diacylglycerol acetates and cholesterol acetates were also tentatively identified. Esterified steryl glycosides and steryl glycosides were major sugar-containing lipids, but monogalactosyl diglycerides, cerebrosides, digalactosyl diglycerides and sulfolipids were relatively minor components. Of the phospholipids, phosphatidyl cholines and serines, and phosphatidyl ethanolamines were the major components, comprising over 85% of this class. Phosphatidic acid and phosphatidyl inositols were also present. The major fatty acids in the total and three lipid classes were linoleic, palmitic, oleic and linolenic acid.

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Anticancer Activity of the Branch Extracts from Vaccinium oldhamii through Cyclin D1 Proteasomal Degradation in Human Cancer Cells

  • Park, Su Bin;Kim, Ha Na;Park, Gwang Hun;Son, Ho-Jun;Eo, Hyun Ji;Song, Jeong Ho;Song, Hun Min;Park, Ji Ae;Jeong, Jin Boo
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.31 no.3
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    • pp.218-227
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    • 2018
  • In this study, we investigated the effect of the extracts from Vaccinium oldhamii on cell proliferation and the regulatory mechanisms of cyclin D1 protein level in human cancer cells. The branch extracts from Vaccinium oldhamii (VOB) showed higher inhibitor effect against the cell growth than leave extracts (VOL) and fruit extracts (VOF) in human colorectal cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, non-small lung cancer, pancreatic cancer and liver cancer cells. In addition, VOB decreased cyclin D1 level at both protein and mRNA level. MG132 treatment attenuated VOB-mediated cyclin D1 downregulation. A point mutation of threonine-286 to alanine attenuated cyclin D1 degradation by VOB. In addition, the inhibition of nuclear export by leptomycin B (LMB) attenuated cyclin D1 degradation by VOB. But, the treatment of PD98059 (ERK1/2 inhibitor), SB203580 (p38 inhibitor), SP600125 (JNK inhibitor), LiCl ($GSK3{\beta}$ inhibitor), LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor) or BAY 11-7082 ($I{\kappa}K$ inhibitor) did not affect VOB-induced cyclin D1 degradation. In conclusion, VOB induced cyclin D1 degradation through redistribution of cyclin D1 from the nucleus to cytoplasm via T286 phosphorylation of cyclin D1, which resulted in the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation.

One Case Report of Prurigo Nodularis Patients Improved by Korean Medicine Treatment alone with Whidam's Su-Gi Therapy (휘담식 수기요법을 병행한 결절성(結節性) 양진(痒疹)의 한의(韓醫) 단독(單獨) 치험(治驗) 1 례(例))

  • Pi, Chien Mei;Jung, Jae Hun;Lee, Eun Mi;Lee, Jae Heung;Bae, Jae Ryong
    • Journal of Korean Medical Ki-Gong Academy
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.113-145
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    • 2018
  • Objective : The purpose of this study is to report about a mid-40's female patient with Prurigo Nodularis, whose symptoms were relieved after Korean medicine treatment alone with Whidam's Su-Gi Therapy. Methods : the patient in this study received only Korean medicine treatment such as herbal medication, acupuncture treatment, cupping therapy and specially Whidam's Su-Gi therapy. Results : After the treatment, the symptoms of Prurigo Nodularis were relieved. Contact Itching Index fell from 10 to 5, and Non-Contact Itching Index fell from 10 to 4. On the whole the Body Heat has risen and skin condition has improved visually. The significance of Meridian Function Check(based on HRV) and skin syndrome is remarkable., Conclusions : This study showed that Whidam's Su-Gi therapy added with Korean Medicine treatment can be an effective choice for Prurigo Nodularis. So, wasting disease, especially immune-reduced syndrome such as Prurigo Nodularis, may also be treated with Korean Medicine alone without side effects.

Molecular cloning and characterization of 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate reductase (CaHDR) from Camptotheca acuminata and its functional identification in Escherichia coli

  • Wang, Qian;Pi, Yan;Hou, Rong;Jiang, Keji;Huang, Zhuoshi;Hsieh, Ming-shiun;Sun, Xiaofen;Tang, Kexuan
    • BMB Reports
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    • v.41 no.2
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    • pp.112-118
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    • 2008
  • Camptothecin is an anti-cancer monoterpene indole alkaloid. The gene encoding 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate reductase (designated as CaHDR), the last catalytic enzyme of the MEP pathway for terpenoid biosynthesis, was isolated from camptothecin-producing Camptotheca acuminata. The full-length cDNA of CaHDR was 1686 bp encoding 459 amino acids. Comparison of the cDNA and genomic DNA of CaHDR revealed that there was no intron in genomic CaHDR. Southern blot analysis indicated that CaHDR belonged to a low-copy gene family. RT-PCR analysis revealed that CaHDR expressed constitutively in all tested plant organs with the highest expression level in flowers, and the expression of CaHDR could be induced by 100 ${\mu}M$ methyl-jasmonate (MeJA), but not by 100 mg/L salicylic acid (SA) in the callus of C. acuminata. The complementation of CaHDR in Escherichia coli ispH mutant MG1655 demonstrated its function.

Physiological Responses of Water Stress at Seedling Stage in Barley (보리 유묘기의 수분부족이 몇가지 생리적 반응에 미치는 영향)

  • Choi, Won-Yul;Kwon, Yong-Woong;Soh, Chang-Ho
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.42 no.2
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    • pp.189-195
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    • 1997
  • To cope with increasing importance of water stress in food crop production, characteristics and cultivar differences in physiological responses of winter barley plants to water stress during seedling stage were studied employing three covered-barley, Milyang 12, Durubori, and Olbori, one naked-barley, Baekdong, and one two-row beer-barley, Hyangmaeg. Water stress was given to barley plants by withholding watering in soil-culture pots or by adding P.E.G. (polyethylene glycol, M. W. 4,000) to the nutrient culture solution. When water stress was imposed by withholding watering for 10 days to the seedlings grown in pot-soil for 10 days after emergence, leaf water potential of 5 cultivars was decreased almost to the same degree, from control -3.5 bar to the water stressed -26.6 bar. However, growth and some physiological responses were differently affected by cultivars: The plant height was decreased by 16-26% : seedling dry weight by 25∼42% ; chlorophyll content by 21∼39% ; second leaf survival rate by 8∼18% ; and free proline content per gram of leaf dry weight was increased from control 0.2∼0.5mg to the water stressed 5.8∼13.2mg. Drought resistances of 5 barley cultivars, based on the leaf survival rate and the decreased rate in seedling dry weight at the end of stress treatment, were high in the order of 3 covered-barley>naked-barley>two-row barley.

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Lipid Composition of Roe, Muscle and Viscus of Liza Carinata, a Species of the Mugilidae Family (등줄숭어의 알, 근육 및 내장의 지질조성에 관한 연구)

  • Joh, Yong-Goe;Lee, Kyeng-Hee;Cho, Yon-Joo
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.20 no.5
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    • pp.674-682
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    • 1988
  • Total lipids from the roe, muscle and viscus of L. carinata were analyzed for lipid composition by column chromatography, thin-layer chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography. The roe lipids were characterized by a high level of wax esters (63.1%) and a low proportion of trigiycerides (9.9%). The viscus lipids also contained wax esters (32.8%) as its main component, followed by free fatty alcohols and acids (23.5%). On the other hand, the muscle lipids were found to contain a large amount of triglycerides (66.1%) with a trace of wax esters. The main fatty alcohol component of roe and viscus wax esters was C16:0 alcohol (53.0%; 61.7%), accompanied by C18:1 alcohol (10.2%) in the former and by C15:0 alcohol (8.8%) in the latter. Considerable amounts of odd-numbered fatty alcohols were found in both wax esters. On the other hand, the fatty acids of the roe and viscus wax esters contained a high percentage of monounsaturated (49.7%-56.6%) consisting of C16:1, C18:1 and C17:1 acid, and a significant amount of polyunsaturated (41.2%-32.9%), particularly C20:5${\omega}$3. The fatty acid components of triglycerides and phospholipids were different among the tissues tested, especially between roe and muscle or viscus. The fatty acid compositions of free fatty acids from the muscle and viscus were characterized by a higher level of polyunsaturated fatty acids (46.0-34.3%) compared to those of triglycerides 'in the roe, muscle and viscus (28.4%, 19.4% and 19.2%).

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A study on the ecological habitat and protection of natural Sorbus commixta forest at Mt. Seorak (설악산(雪嶽山)에 분포(分布)하는 마가목 천연림(天然林)의 생태환경(生態環境)과 보호(保護)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Shin, Jai Man;Kim, Tong Su;Han, Sang Sup
    • Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.1-9
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    • 1983
  • The purpose of this study was to elucidate the ecophysiological habitat of natural Sorbus commixta forest at Mt. Seorak. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The Sorbus commixta trees mainly distributed from 900m to 1,500m altitude. In there, the warm index(WI) was about 42$3.2{\times}10^3$ to $9.2{\times}10^3$, cation exchange capacity(CEC) was 13.7 to 19.5mg/100g, N content 0.21 to 0.39%, $P_2O_5$ content was 22.6 to 38.7ppm, and pH value was 5.6 to 5.8 respectively. 4. The upper crown trees in Sorbus commixta communities were Abies nephrolepis, Taxus cuspidata, Betula platyphylla var. japonica, Quercus${\times}$grosseserrata, Acer mono, Prunus sargentii, Carpinus cordata, Tilia amurensis, and the under crown trees were Rhododendron brachycarpum, Acer pseudo-sieboldianum, Thuja olientalis, Corylus heterohpylla, Philadelphus schrenckii, Rhododendron schlippenbachii, Rhododendron mucronulatum, and Magnolia sieboldii. 5. The stand densities were 1,156 trees/ha at 1,160m and 3,600 trees/ha at 1,300m respectively. The coverages by the DBH basal area were 0.37 at 1,160m and 0.31 at 1,300m respectively, and the vegetation coverages by the crown projection area were 2.04 at 1,160m and 1.61 at 1,300m respectively. 6. The light extinction coefficient(k) in Beer-Lambert's law, showed the distance, F(z), from top canopy to aboveground, was 0.17. 7. The water relations parameters of Sorbus commixta shoot were obtained by the pressure chamber technique. The osmotic pressure, ${\pi}_o$, at maximum turgor was -16.2 bar, and VAT pressure was 14.5bar. The osmotic pressure, ${\pi}_p$, at incipient plasmolysis was -19.4bar. The relative water contents at incipient plasmolysis were 83.1% ($v_p/v_o$) and 87.1%($v_p/w_s$;$w_s$, total water at maximum turgor). 8. The bulk modulus of elasticity(E) of shoot was about 69.6. The total symplasmic water to total water in shoot was 67.7%, and the apoplastic water to total water was 32.3%.

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Studies on the Dietary Fiber of Brown Rice and Milled Rice (현미와 백미의 식이섬유에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Hee-Ja;Byun, Si-Myung;Kim, Hyong-Soo
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.576-584
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    • 1988
  • Neutral detergent fiber(NDF) were extracted from the Nampung, Milyang #23, Whasung and Jinhung varieties of rice by neutral detergent fiber method. To determine the properties of NDF three factors were measured : water-binding capacity(WBC), Fe-binding capacity and sodium taurocholate binding with NDF. The average WBC of NDF was $5.60{\pm}0.87gH_2O/g$ NDF, and the average Fe-binding capacity ranged from 24.63% at pH 5.0 to 19.6% at pH 6.0 and 48.98% at pH 7.0. Binding of sodium taurocholate with NDF was determined in vitro using C-14 labeled sodium taurocholate at 100M sodium taurocholate concentrations. NDF binding of Jinhung was 27.87 while Nampung, Milyang #23 and Whasung measured 32% each. When sodium taurocholate concentrations were raised from $40{\mu}M\;to\;240{\mu}M$ the tendency of binding increased as the concentrations increased, but not linearly.

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Cytosolic prion protein induces apoptosis in human neuronal cell SH-SY5Y via mitochondrial disruption pathway

  • Wang, Xin;Dong, Chen-Fang;Shi, Qi;Shi, Song;Wang, Gui-Rong;Lei, Yan-Jun;Xu, Kun;An, Run;Chen, Jian-Ming;Jiang, Hui-Ying;Tian, Chan;Gao, Chen;Zhao, Yu-Jun;Han, Jun;Dong, Xiao-Ping
    • BMB Reports
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    • v.42 no.7
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    • pp.444-449
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    • 2009
  • Different neurodegenerative disorders like prion disease, is caused by protein misfolding conformers. Reverse-transfected cytosolic prion protein (PrP) and PrP expressed in the cytosol have been shown to be neurotoxic. To investigate the possible mechanism of neurotoxicity due to accumulation of PrP in cytosol, a PrP mutant lacking the signal and GPI (CytoPrP) was introduced into the SH-SY5Y cell. MTT and trypan blue assays indicated that the viability of cells expressing CytoPrP was remarkably reduced after treatment of MG-132. Obvious apoptosis phenomena were detected in the cells accumulated with CytoPrP, including loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, increase of caspase-3 activity, more annexin V/PI-double positive-stained cells and reduced Bcl-2 level. Moreover, DNA fragmentation and TUNEL assays also revealed clear evidences of late apoptosis in the cells accumulated CytoPrP. These data suggest that the accumulation of CytoPrP in cytoplasm may trigger cell apoptosis, in which mitochondrial relative apoptosis pathway seems to play critical role.