• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.361-376
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• 2023

Purpose: This study evaluates the potential protective effects of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seed oil supplementation in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. Methods: Rats were fed a 1.25% cholesterol diet for 8 weeks, followed by oral administration of either of the two doses of hemp seed oil (HO) (0.5 mL/kg (HOL group) or 1 mL/kg (HOH group) body weight/day) or simvastatin at 10 mg/kg body weight/day. Oxidative stress, lipids, liver enzymes, and renal markers were measured in the serum. Western blot analysis was applied for evaluating the expressions of inflammatory makers. Results: Except for HDL-cholesterol, the altered levels of lipoproteins, aminotransferases, urea, and creatine kinases in hypercholesterolemic rats were significantly corrected by HO administration. Especially, compared to the HOH group, HOL treatment further reduced AST, ALT, creatinine, TC, and LDL-cholesterol levels. Moreover, both the atherogenic index and cardiac risk factor (CRF) in the HOL group were more restrained compared to the HOH group. Increased levels of p-AMPK coincided with the inhibition of SREBP-2 activation which subsequently suppressed the expression of HMGCR. Nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation coincided with the PI3K/Akt pathway activation and the increased phosphorylation of p38; these levels were significantly suppressed by HO treatment. In addition, HO treatment markedly reversed the changes in chemokines such as ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and MCP-1. Histological alterations induced by cholesterol overload in cardiac and hepatic tissues were ameliorated by HO supplementation. Conclusion: Taken together, our results indicate a low concentration of HO demonstrates improved dysfunctions caused by a high-cholesterol diet via inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.326-335
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• 1988

In order to increase the availability of filefish scrap, the ordinary and low salt sauce were prepared, and identified their taste compounds in their products. To process the filefish scrap sauce, chopped filefish scrap was mixed with koji, 25% brine, slat and glucose (25.0 : 65.0 : 12.5 : 7.0, w/w) and fermented at $25{\pm}4^{\circ}C$ for 120 days. The same process was also carried out to process the low salt sauce adding sorbitol, lactic acid and ethyl alcohol (7.0 : 0.7 : 9.0. w/w) instead of salt. While amino nitrogen and volatile basic nitrogen(VBN) of products were decreased, pH and reducing sugar were increased all alone the fermentation period. The major free amino acids of products at final stage of fermentation were glutamic acid, alanine, leucine, lysine and aspartic acid. And the contents of total amino acid in the ordinary and low salt sauce were 4126.6(mg/100m1 sauce), 4519.5(mg/100m1 sauce) after fermentation. Hypoxanthine was revealed as the major constituent among nucleotides and their related compounds through fermentation. Free amino acid-N in the filefish scrap sauces were from 56.3%(ordinary) to 60.7%(low salted) of extractive nitrogen. From the sensory evaluation, the quality of products from filefish scrap sauce were almost equal to sold soy sauce on the market.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.163-170
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• 1990

The blood chemical values and blood enzyme activities were examined from 74 healthy mixed breed dogs in the area of Seoul. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. Mean${\pm}$SD values and ranges of glucose were $61.97{\pm}8.41mg/100ml$ and 47.28~81.67mg/100ml, of blood urea nitrogen(BUN) $15.99{\pm}2.31mg/100ml$ and 8.21~21.31mg/100ml, of total protein(TP) $8.17{\pm}0.93g/100ml$ and 6.06~9.91g/100ml, of albumin $4.16{\pm}0.47g/100ml$ and 2.81~5.15g/100ml, of globulin, $4.01{\pm}0.64g/100ml$ and 2.72~5.54g/100ml, of albumin/globulin(A/G) ratio $1.06{\pm}0.17$ and 0.71~1.42, of cholesterol(Chol) $187.33{\pm}19.78mg/100ml$ and 128.70~222.90mg/100ml, of total bilirubin(TB) $0.73{\pm}0.14mg/100ml$ and 0.43~1.16mg/100ml, of phosphorus(Pi) $5.25{\pm}1.00mg/100ml$ and 2.61~7.72mg/100ml, of calcium(Ca) $10.76{\pm}1.08mg/100ml$ and 8.24~12.60mg/100ml, of triglyceride(TG) $89.48{\pm}21.16mg/100ml$ and 47.80~133.00mg/100ml, respectively. 2. The glucose value in the age group of 7~12 months was higher (p<0.01) but in the age group of 3~4 years was lower (p<0.05) than the total glucose value. The TP value in the age group of 7~12 months was lower (p<0.01) but in the age group of 1~2 years was higher (p<0.05) than the total TP value. The globulin value in the age group of 7~12 months was lower (p<0.01) but in the group of 1~2 years was higher (p<0.01) than the total globulin value. The A/G ratio value in the age group of 7~12 months was higher (p<0.05) but in the age group of 1~2 years was lower (p<0.05) than the total A/G ratio value. The phosphorus values in the age group of 1~2 years and the age group of 3~4 years were lower (p<0.01, p<0.001) than the total phosphorus value. The calcium value in the age group of less than 6 months was higher (p<0.05) but in the age group of 7~12 months was lower (p<0.001) than the total calcium value. 3. Mean${\pm}$S.D. values and ranges of alkaline phosphatase(AP) were $72.47{\pm}19.73IU/l$, and 28.13~105.00IU/l, of lactic dehydrogense(LDH) $159.46{\pm}45.11IU/l$ and 60.63~265.30IU/l, of serum aspartate aminotransferase(AST) $38.64{\pm}8.62IU/l$ and 21.47~70.58IU/l, of serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT) $34.88{\pm}11.30IU/l$ and 14.51~73.17IU/l, respectively. 4. The AP value in the age group of 7~12 months was higher (p<0.05) but in the age group of 1~2 years was lower (p<0.01, p<0.001) than the total AP value. The LDH value in the age group of less than 6 months was higher (p<0.001) but in the age group of 1~2 years and the age group of 3~4 years were lower (p<0.05) than the total LDH value. The serum AST value in the age group of 3~4 years was lower (p<0.01) than the total SGOT value. The serum ALT value in the age group of 7~12 months was higher(p<0.05) than the total SGPT value.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.461-474
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• 2005

The ultimate goal of periodontal therapy is the regeneration of periodontal tissue and the repair of function. For more than a decade there have been many efforts to develop materials and methods of treatment to promote periodontal tissue regeneration. Recently many efforts are concentrated on the regeneration potential of material used in traditional medicine. Safflower(Carthamus tinctorius L.) seed extract(SSE) have long clinically used in Korea to promote bone formation and prevent osteoporosis. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of SSE on bone formation in human osteoblastic cell line. Human fetal osteoblastic cell line(hFOB 1.19) was cultured with DMEM and SSE($1{\mu}g/ml$, $10{\mu}g/ml$, $100{\mu}g/ml$, $1mg/ml$) at $34^{\cdot}C$ with 5% $CO_2$ in 100% humidity. The proliferation, differentiation of the cell was evaluated by several experiments. Cell proliferation was significantly increased at $10{\mu}g/ml$, $100{\mu}g/ml$, 1mg/ml of SSE after 3 and 7 days incubation(p<0.05). Cell spreading assay was significantly increased at $100{\mu}g/ml$ of SSE after 3 days and $1{\mu}g/ml$, $10{\mu}g/ml$, $100{\mu}g/ml$, 1mg/ml of SSE after 7 days(p<0.05). Alkaline Phosphatase(ALP) level was significantly increased in $10{\mu}g/ml$, $100{\mu}g/ml$, 1mg/ml of SSE(p<0.05). Collagen synthesis was significantly increased at $10{\mu}g/ml$, $100{\mu}g/ml$, 1mg/ml of SSE(p<0.05). A quantified calcium accumulation was significantly increased at $10{\mu}g/ml$, $100{\mu}g/ml$ of SSE(p<0.05). ALP and osteocalcin mRNA was expressed in $100{\mu}g/ml$ of SSE by RT-PCR. These results indicate that SSE are capable of increasing osteoblasts mineralization and may play an important role in bone formation.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.108-117
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• 1985

The process of conveying of soil with the open auger to cover the seed completly with less power was reviewed by theoretical analysis. The power efficiency, the reasonable range of RPM of the open auger and the velocity of soil conveying to the direction of the shaft are examined to establish the extent of characteristics of the open auger performance. The results of theoretical analysis and application of similitude are as follows: 1. It is possible to predict the power efficiency by the following equation; ${\eta}_p={\frac{P_n}{P_g}}=({\frac{{\omega}_s}{{\omega}_a}}){\cdot}tan{\gamma}{\frac{mg}{(F_mcos{\alpha}+F_scos{\gamma})}}$ 2. The reasonable range of the revolutions per minute of the open auger was presented as follow to cover completely with less power ; $$\frac{4d(L_a-L_i){\cdot}V_w}{{\pi}(D_o^2-D_s^2){\cdot}r{\cdot}{\frac{{\omega}_s}{{\omega}_a}}{\cdot}tan{\gamma}}{{\leq_-}}{\omega}_a{{\leq_-}}({\frac{{\omega}_a}{{\omega}_s}}){\sqrt{\frac{g}{r}}}$$ 3. The velocity of soil conveying to the direction of the auger shaft may be calculated by the equation; $V_h=({\frac{{\omega}_s}{{\omega}_s}})V_a{\cdot}tan{\gamma}$ 4. The factor of RPM was more important than other factors on the power efficiency.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.347-360
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• 2007

In order to evaluate the degree and extent of heavy metal pollution and the environmental impacts of abandoned Cu mines in Goseong-gun, soils and paddies were collected from the mine area and have been analysed for heavy metal contents. The heavy metal contents were much higher in mountain soils than in paddy soils. Total content of heavy metals decreased in order of Cu>Zn>Pb>As>Cr>Cd in mountain soils whereas Zn>Pb>Cu>Cr>As>Cd in paddy soils. The extractable amount of heavy metals by 0.1/1N HCl decreased in order of Cu>Pb>Zn>As>Cd>Cr in mountain soils whereas Pb>Cu>Zn>As>Cd>Cr in paddy soils. Although the extraction ratios were highly various depending on the sampling site, their average values were in order of Cd(16%)>Pb(10%)>Cu(9%)>As(4.5%)>Zn-Cr(${\le}2.5%$). The soils investigated were enriched in heavy metals relative to the averages of earth crust as In order of $As{\ge}Cd$>Pb>Zn>Cu>Cr. Pollution index calculated from total or extractable heavy metals of soils indicated that the heavy metal pollution was restricted to mountain soils around abandoned Cu mines, especially the Samsan I mine. The metal contents of brown rice showed no significantly contaminated level as follows; As $nd{\sim}0.87mg/kg,\;Cd\;0.02{\sim}0.34mg/kg,\;Cu\;1.01{\sim}6.25mg/kg,\;Mn\;13.4{\sim}43.2mg/kg,\;Pb\;0.09{\sim}2.83mg/kg,\;and\;Zn\;16.5{\sim}79.1mg/kg$. From the extraction and dispersion properties of heavy metal with the soil pH ($4.5{\sim}7.8$), it can be deduced the conclusion that the heavy metal pollution is spreading in the study area mainly by the detrital migration of waste ore and gangue minerals rather than the dissolution and circulation of heavy metal.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.1482-1489
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• 2009

In this study, we investigated the anti-proliferative effect of polysaccharides from Salicornia herbacea on HT-29 human colon cancer cells. Crude polysaccharides from S. herbacea (CS) were prepared by extraction with hot steam water, and fine polysaccharides from S. herbacea (PS) were obtained through further size exclusion chromatography. The anti-proliferative effect of CS and PS were measured using the MTS assay, apoptosis analysis, cell cycle analysis, and RT-PCR. HT-29 cells were treated with CS or PS at different dosages (0.5, 1, 2, 4 mg $ml^{-1}$) for 24 or 48 h. CS and PS inhibited proliferation and stimulated apoptosis of cells in a dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis after Annexin V-FITC and PI staining revealed that treatment with CS or PS increased total apoptotic death of cells to 24.99% or 91.59%, respectively, in comparison with the control (13.51 %). PS increased early apoptotic death substantially - up to 12 times more than the control. Treatment with CS or PS resulted in a concentration-dependent increase of the G2/M cell population of the cell cycle as determined by flow cytometry. G2/M arrest was induced significantly with the highest concentration (4 mg $ml^{-1}$) of PS. RT-PCR was performed to study the correlation between G2/M arrest and transcription of cell cycle control genes. The anti-proliferative activity of CS and PS was accompanied by inhibition of cyclin B1, and Cdc 2 mRNA. Moreover, both CS and PS induced expression of the p53 tumor suppressor gene and the Cdk inhibitor p21. These results suggest that polysaccharides from S. herbacea have anti-cancer activity in human colon cancer cells.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.303-309
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• 2009

Hepatic antioxidant defense systems were examined in rats treated with tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA), a brominated flame retardant, at the doses of 0, 250, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg for four weeks. Hepatic ratio of glutathione disulfide to glutathione (GSH) and levels of malondialdehyde, oxidative stress markers were not changed in rats treated with TBBPA. Hepatic expression of antioxidant enzymes including GSH peroxdiase-1 (GPX-1)/GSH reductase (GR), alpha-, mu- and pi-class glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase catalytic subunit was determined using immunoblot analysis. Alpha-class GSTs, GPX-1 and GR levels were significantly decreased in rats treated with TBBPA at the dose of 500 or 1,000 mg/kg. These results show that TBBPA results in down-regulation of hepatic expression of antioxidant enzymes related with GSH, suggesting the liver in TBBPA-treated rats may be more sensitive to oxidants.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.101-108
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• 2018

AA7010 is an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy containing Zr, developed as an alternate to traditional AA7075 alloy owing to their high strength combined with better fracture toughness. It is necessary to improve the corrosion resistance and surface properties of the alloy by incorporating plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) method. AA7010-T7452 aluminum alloy has been processed through the forging route with multi-stage working operations, and was coated with $10{\mu}m$ thick $Al_2O_3$ ceramic aluminina coating using the plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) method. The corrosion, stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and nano-mechanical behaviours were examined by means of potentiodynamic polarization, slow strain rate test (SSRT) and nano-indentation tests. The results indicated that the additional thermomechanical treatment during the forging process caused a fully recrystallized microstructure, which lead to the poor environmental cracking resistance of the alloy in 3.5% NaCl solution, despite the overaging treatment. Although the fabricated PEO coating improved general corrosion resistance, the brittle nature of the coating did not provide any improvement in SCC resistance of the alloy. However, the hardness and elastic modulus of the coating were significantly higher than the base alloy.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.14-21
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• 2006

The aim of this study was to investigate in vivo toxicity and effects of two phthalate esters (PEs), di-n-butylphthalate (DBP) and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), on the immune system of the bagrid catfish, Pseudobagrus fulvidraco. Groups of experimental fish were subjected to daily intraperitoneal injections of 300 or 1000 mg $kg^{-1}$ of DBP or DEHP for 3 days, and the cellularity and functional activity of phagocytes were measured in the spleen and pronephros (head kidney). The number of spleen leukocyte cells increased significantly (p<0.05) in response to low and high doses of DEHP and DBP, respectively; however, the cellularity of the pronephros was more susceptible to higher dose of DEHP than DBP. Nonspecific immunity, as determined by the phagocytic index (PI) and phagocytic capacity (PC), was significantly depressed by DEHP at 1000 $1000mg\;kg^{-1}\;day^{-1}$ in the pronephros at 3 days after injection. Furthermore, significantly (p<0.05) increased levels of serum glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvate transaminase (GPT) indicated marked hepatic dysfunction in immunosuppressed fish. Treated fish showed a significant reduction in total serum protein but no significant alteration in lysozyme activity. These results demonstrate the sensitivity of the fish immune response for predicting PE-induced immunotoxicity.