• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권12호
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• pp.3981-3986
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• 2012

Anatase nanocrystalline and its tungsten-doped (0.4, 2, and 4 mol %) powders have been synthesized by microwave irradiation through hydrolysis of titanium tetra-isopropoxide (TIP) in aqueous solution. The materials are characterized by XRD, Raman, SEM-EDX, TEM, FT-IR and UV-vis techniques. The nanocrystalline $TiO_2$ particles are 30 nm in nature and doping of tungsten ion decreases their size. As seen in TEM images, the crystallites of W (4 mol %) doped $TiO_2$ are small with a size of about 10 nm. The photocatalytic activity was tested on the degradation of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). Catalytic activities of W-doped and pure $TiO_2$ were also compared. The results show that the photocatalytic activity of the W-doped $TiO_2$ photocatalyst is much higher than that of pure $TiO_2$. Degradation decreases from 96 to 50%, during 115 min, when the initial 4-NP concentration increases from 10 to 120 ppm. Maximum degradation was obtained at 35 mg of photocatalyst.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.1061-1069
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• 1998

The thermal instability of Al2TiO5 Ceramics was contrlled by solid solution with MgO SiO2 and ZrO2 through electrofusion in an arc furnace. The thermal expansion properties of Al2TiO5 composites show the hysteresis due to the strong anisotropy of The crystal axes of these material. These phenomena are ex-plained by the opening and closing of microcracks. The difference in microcracking temperatures e.g 587.6(ATG2), 405.9(ATG3) and 519.7$^{\circ}C$(ATG4) is caused by the difference in grain size and stabilizer type. The thermal shock behaviour under cyclic conditions between 750-1400-75$0^{\circ}C$ show no change in mi-crostructure and phase assemblage for all three stabilized specimens. After the thermal loading test at 110$0^{\circ}C$ for 100hrs. ATG1 and ATG2 materials decomposes completely to its components corundum and ru-tile in both cases. However with approximatelly 20% retention of the Al2TiO5 Thus in order to prevent decomposition of the stabilized material in the critical temperature range 800-130$0^{\circ}C$ it must be traversed within a short period of time.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.501-506
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• 2018

With the recent remarkable improvements in the average speeds of contemporary trains, a necessity has arisen for the development of new friction modifiers to improve adhesion characteristics at the wheel-rail interface. The friction modifier must be designed to reduce slippage or sliding of the trains' wheels on the rails under conditions of rapid acceleration or braking without excessive rolling contact wear. In this study, a novel composite material consisting of metal, ceramic, and polymer is proposed as a friction modifier to improve adhesion between wheels and rails. A blend of Al-6Cu-0.5Mg metallic powder, $Al_2O_3$ ceramic powder, and Bakelite-based polymer in various weight-fractions is hot-pressed at $150^{\circ}C$ to form a bulk composite material. Variation in the adhesion coefficient is evaluated using a high-speed wheel-rail friction tester, with and without application of the composite friction modifier, under both dry and wet conditions. The effect of varying the weighting fractions of metal and ceramic friction powders is detailed in the paper.

• Journal of Ceramic Processing Research
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• 제13권spc2호
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• pp.308-311
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• 2012

A wide range of possible hazards existing in thermal batteries are mainly caused by thermal runaway, which results in overheating or explosion in extreme case. Battery separators ensure the separation between two electrodes and the retention of ion-conductive electrolytes. Thermal runaways in thermal batteries can be significantly reduced by the adoption of these separators. The high operating temperature and the violent reactivity in thermal batteries, however, have limited the introduction of conventional separators. As a substitute for separators, MgO powders have been mostly used as a binder to hold molten salt electrolyte. During recent decades the fabrication technology of ceramic fiber, which has excellent mechanical strength and chemical stability, has undergone significant improvement. In this study we adopted wet-laid nonwoven paper making method instead of the electrospinning method which is costly and troublesome to produce in volume. Polymeric precursor can readily be coated on the surface of wet-laid ceramic paper, and be formed into ceramic film after heat treatment. The mechanical strength and the thermo-chemical stability as well as the wetting behaviors of ceramic separators with various molten salts were investigated to be applicable to thermal batteries. Due to their excellent chemical, mechanical, and electrical properties, wet-laid nonwoven separators made from ceramic fibers have revealed positive possibility as new separators for thermal batteries which operate at high temperature with no conspicuous sign of a short circuit and corrosion.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.233-241
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• 2023

In this study, we evaluated the effects of acid leaching on the properties of Cr powder synthesized using self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS). Cr powder was synthesized from a mixture of Cr2O3 and magnesium (Mg) powders using the SHS Process, and the byproducts after the reaction were removed using acid leaching. The properties of the recovered Cr powder were analyzed via X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), particle size analysis (PSA), and oxygen content analysis. The results show that perfect selective leaching of Cr is challenging because of various factors such as incomplete reaction, reaction kinetics, the presence of impurities, and incompatibility between the acid and metal mixture. Therefore, this study provides essential information on the properties under acidic conditions during the production of high-quality Cr powder using a self-propagating high-temperature synthesis method.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.255-261
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• 2023

Aluminum alloys are widely utilized in diverse industries, such as automobiles, aerospace, and architecture, owing to their high specific strength and resistance to oxidation. However, to meet the increasing demands of the industry, it is necessary to design new aluminum alloys with excellent properties. Thus, a new method is required to efficiently test additively manufactured aluminum alloys with various compositions within a short period during the alloy design process. In this study, a combinatory approach using a direct energy deposition system for metal 3D printing process with a dual feeder was employed. Two types of aluminum alloy powders, namely Al6061 and Al-12Cu, were utilized for the combinatory test conducted through 3D printing. Twelve types of Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloys were manufactured during this combinatory test, and the relationship between their microstructures and properties was investigated.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.148-153
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• 2007

감 꽃잎과 꽃받침의 이용가능성을 검토하고자, 꽃잎과 꽃받침의 화학성분 분석과 이들을 스팀처리 후 건조(열풍, 동결), 분쇄하여 제조한 분말의 열수 침출차의 품질특성을 조사하였다. 꽃잎과 꽃받침의 수분, 조단백질, 조지방 및 탄수화물 함량은 유의적인 차이가 없이 평균적으로 84.8%, 0.4%, 0.3%, 13.7%를 각각 나타내었으나, 조회분 함량은 유의적인 차이를 보이며 0.5%와 1.1%를 각각 나타내었다. 꽃잎과 꽃받침의 비타민 C 함량은 192.3mg%와 392.7mg%, 플라보노이드 함량은 88.4mg%와 355.2mg%, 카로테노이드 함량은 0.8mg%와 3.8mg%를 각각 나타내었다. 침출차의 품질특성 분석결과, 꽃잎의 건조방법은 침출차의 가용성 고형물, 가용성 탄닌, DPPH유리기 소거능 등에는 영향을 미치지 않으며, 꽃잎보다는 꽃받침 침출차가 낮은 pH와 높은 L값, -a값, 가용성 탄닌, DPPH유리기 소거능을 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 꽃잎 침출차가 꽃받침 침출차보다 fructose와 glucose는 높았으나 sucrose는 낮았으며, 꽃잎의 경우는 열풍건조보다는 동결건조품이 유의적으로 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 침출차의 유기산은 citric acid, oxalic acid, malic acid 순으로 함유되어 있었으며, 각 성분함량은 꽃받침이 꽃잎보다 높은 경향이었으며, 꽃잎은 동결건조보다 열풍건조품에서 다소 높게 나타났다. 침출차의 관능검사 결과, aroma, taste 및 overall acceptability 등이 시료별 유의적인 차이가 없이 '좋지도 싫지도 않다' 정도로 평가되었다. 이로써 감 꽃잎과 꽃받침은 식품소재로서의 가치를 지니며 음용차로의 제조 가능성이 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.150-157
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• 2007

Hamcho(Salicorinia herbacea, glasswort), a halophyte, is an annual succulent shrub that grows on coastal wetlands and has been regarded as a functional food for good health. Natural dried red and green Hamcho were extracted with 25% ethanol and water at 70$^{\circ}C$. The antioxidant activities of these four extracts were examined by six different assays, including the measurement of total phenolics, radical scavenging effects on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH), nitric oxide(NO) and nitrite(NO$_2$) scavenging effects, reducing power, and the inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity. The total phenolic contents of the four extracts were high at 237 ${\sim}$ 255 mg of gallic acid equivalents per 1 g of dried sample tested. The green Hamcho extracts contained more phenolic compounds than the red Hamcho extracts. When they were compared to tocopherols, the antioxidant activities of the green and red Hamcho powders were significantly higher at the same concentration levels(5 mg and 3 mg, respectively) in a POV test. The inhibition effects of the four extracts at a level of 75 ${\mu}l$ were higher than 98% in the POV test. The red Hamcho 25% ethanol extract showed a high significant effect on DPPH radical scavenging(SC$_{50}$, 90.1 ${\mu}l$). The green Hamcho 25% ethanol extract, however, showed a high significant effect on NO radical scavenging(SC$_{50}$, 6.1 ${\mu}l$). The NO$_2$ radical scavenging effect was assayed at pH 1.2, 4.2 and 6.0, and all the Hamcho extracts scavenged the NO$_2$ radical much more effectively at pH 1.2. The NO$_2$ scavenging effect of the red Hamcho 25% ethanol extract(64%) was as high as that of 5 mM vitamin C at pH 1.2(p<0.05). In the reducing power test, the red Hamcho 25% ethanol extract revealed the highest ferric ion reducing activity among the Hamcho extracts, and its activity was as high as that of 0.33 mg/ml of vitamin C. The four Hamcho extracts showed high tyrosinase inhibition effects of more than 80%, and their activities were higher than 50${\mu}$g of kojic acid. The green and red Hamcho 25% ethanol extracts totally inhibited tyrosinase activity(100%). Therefore, the results suggest that red Hamcho extracts may serve as useful natural antioxidants along with green Hamcho extracts.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.525-528
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• 2001

시중에 유통중인 칼슘함유식품등 일부 건강보조식품 100건 대해 수은 함량은 Mercury analyzer로, 납, 카드뮴, 비소 등은 마이크로파를 이용하여 분해한 후 GF-AAS로 분석하였다. 본 연구 결과, 칼슘함유식품중 평균 중금속 함량은 수은 0.007, 납 1.08, 카드뮴 0.02, 비소 0.48mg/kg으로 나타났다. 또한 키토산가공식품에서는 수은 0.001, 납 0.36, 카드뮴 0.01, 비소 0.03mg/kg이었다. 프로폴리스식품중 중금속 함량은 수은 0.013, 납 4.96, 카드뮴 0.01, 비소 0.13mg/kg이었다. 칼슘 함유식품중 우골분을 사용한 제품에서 납함량이 비교적 높게 검출되었다. 그러나 우골분을 사용한 제품에서도 납 함량의 차이가 많은 것으로 보아 원료 및 제조 가공과정에서 납이 오염될 수 있는 것으로 사료된다. 프로폴리스식품에서도 일부 제품에서 매우 높은 양의 납이 검출되었다. 사용한 건강보조식품중 카드뮴, 비소, 수은 함량은 일반 수산물 등에 함유되어 있는 것 보다 매우 낮은 수준으로 오염가능성은 거의 없는 것으로 판단된다. 우리나라 국민의 건강보조식품 등 식품을 통한 납 섭취량은 FAO/WHO에서 설정한 주간섭취허용량(PTWI)보다 적게 섭취하고 있으나 일부 건강보조식품의 경우 비교적 높은 양의 납이 함유되어 있고 또한 여러 가지 건강보조식품을 함께 섭취하는 경우에는 많은 양의 납을 섭취할 수 있으므로 식품의 안전성 확보를 위해 기준설정이 필요한 것으로 사료된다. 따라서 본 연구결과를 토대로 Codex 방법에 따라 칼슘함유식품 3.0mg/kg 이하, 키토산가공식품 2.0mg/kg 이하, 프로폴리스식품 5.0mg/kg 이하로 납 기준을 설정하였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.540-548
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 김치에서 분리한 Bacillus subtilis KMKW4를 이용하여 백미 및 아마란스를 영양원으로 발효하였으며 발효물의 배양 특성과 항산화 활성 및 생리활성을 조사하였다. 백미와 아마란스의 비율별로 제조한 발효물 중 아마란스 20%가 첨가된 R80의 생균수가 가장 높았고 pH 또한 낮아 발효가 잘 진행되었음을 확인하였다. 발효물의 amylase 활성을 측정한 결과 R100, R90, R80, R70 중 R80에서 48시간 배양 시 57.77 unit/mL로 가장 높아 R80을 곡류 효소 함유 제품 개발을 위한 혼합조건으로 선정하였다. 발효물의 동결건조분말에 대한 amylase 활성도 발효물과 동일하게 48시간에서 가장 높게 나타나 동결건조 후에도 효소 활성이 유지되는 것을 확인하였다. 발효물 동결건조분말의 유리당 함량은 발효 후 R80에서 maltose는 검출되지 않았으며, glucose는 5,454.2 mg/100 g으로 함량이 증가하였고 R100보다 높음을 확인하였다. 유리아미노산 함량은 R100의 경우 발효 전 664.9 mg/100 g에서 48시간 발효 후 834.2 mg/100 g으로 증가하였으며, R80은 발효 전 868.8 mg/100 g에서 발효 후 1,085.2 mg/100 g으로 증가하였다. 항산화 활성은 발효함에 따라 증가하였으며 R100보다 R80에서 우수하였다. ACE 저해 활성은 발효 전 R100과 R80에서 각각 30.12%와 40.22%로 나타났으며 발효 후에는 각각 59.13%와 78.57%로 나타나 발효가 진행됨에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였고 R80이 R100보다 더 높은 ACE 저해 활성을 나타내었다. ${\alpha}$-Glucosidase 저해 활성은 모든 실험군에서 발효 전보다 발효 후에 높은 저해 활성을 나타내었으며, R100보다 R80이 우수하여 향후 곡류 효소 함유 식품 제조를 위한 소재로 활용 가능하다고 사료된다.