• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.73-76
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• 2005

The acaricidal activities of 12 commercial constituents derived from Eugenia caryophyllata leaf oils against Dermatophagoides farinae, D. pteronyssinus and Tyrophagus putrescentiae adults were examined using an impregnated fabric disk application and compared with that of the commercial benzyl benzoate as synthetic acaricide. On the basis of $LD_{50}$ values, the most toxic compound was methyl eugenol ($4.13\;{\mu}g/cm^2$), followed by methyl isoeugenol ($4.19\;{\mu}g/cm^2$), isoeugenol ($4.29\;{\mu}g/cm^2$), eugenol ($4.94\;{\mu}g/cm^2$), and acetyl eugenol ($13.91\;{\mu}g/cm^2$) against D. farinae. In the case of D. pteronyssinus, isoeugenol ($2.93\;{\mu}g/cm^2$) was the most toxic, followed by methyl isoeugenol ($3.28\;{\mu}g/cm^2$), methyl eugenol ($3.87\;{\mu}g/cm^2$), eugenol ($3.92\;{\mu}g/cm^2$), and acetyl eugenol ($7.21\;{\mu}g/cm^2$). These results suggest that D. pteronyssinus may be controlled more effectively by the application of eugenol congeners than D. farinae. In comparison with synthetic acaricides, the acaricidal activities of eugenol, isoeugenol, methyl eugenol, and methyl isoeugenol were about 1.9-2.2 times more toxic than benzyl benzoate. Furthermore, the most toxic constituent against T. putrescentiae was exhibited on eugenol ($10.11\;{\mu}g/cm^2$), followed by methyl eugenol ($38.67\;{\mu}g/cm^2$) and acetyl eugenol ($70.09\;{\mu}g/cm^2$), but no activity was observed for isoeugenol and methyl isoeugenol. The results suggested that eugenol congeners may be useful as a new source for selective control of house dust mites and stored food mites.

• 식물병연구
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.236-241
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• 2009

본 연구는 정유를 이용하여 환경친화적으로 Botrytis cinerea에 의한 수삼 저장병 방제방법을 개발하기 위하여 수행되었다. 정유의 일종인 methyl eugenol은 200 ppm 농도의 배지상에서 80% 이상의 높은 균사 생육억제 효과를 나타냈다. 상온에서 수삼에 직접 처리 시 무처리구에서 80% 이상의 발병률을 보일 때 methyl eugenol이나 thymol 모두 분무와 침지처리구에서 10~20% 이하로 낮게 발병하여 높은 병 방제효과를 보였다. 저온($4^{\circ}C$)에서의 처리결과도 실온과 비슷하게 포장크기와 상관없이 무처리구에 비해 발병률이 매우 낮게 나타나 역시 실용적인 효과가 뛰어났다. 2 kg 이상을 분석한 대포장 실험에서도 무처리구는 발병지수가 1.65를 보인 반면 methyl eugenol은 0.60으로 개체별 발병면적이 상대적으로 매우 좁게 나타났다. 그러나 두 물질(methyl eugenol+thymol)의 혼합처리에 의한 상승효과는 확인할 수 없었다. Methyl eugenol은 잔류독성이 없고 수삼 저장병 발생 억제효과가 뚜렷해 수삼 저장 시 처리할 수 있는 환경친화적 제제로서 활용 가능하며 특히 신선한 상태로 섭취가 가능해야하는 수삼의 특성으로 볼 때 수삼 저장병 방제제로서의 활용가치는 더욱 클 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제40권10호
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• pp.1361-1370
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• 2011

본 연구는 한방스킨의 원료로 널리 사용되고 있는 8가지 생약의 휘발성증류추출액 중 항산화 및 항염증활성이 가장 강한 정향의 증류추출액으로부터 주된 향기성분을 SDE법으로 추출한 후 GC-MS로 확인하였으며, 주된 향기성분인 eugenol과 그 유도체를 합성한 후 항산화 및 항염증활성을 측정하고 비교하였으며, 아울러 HPLC를 이용하여 정향의 eugenol 및 그 유도체를 정량분석 하였다. 8가지 생약의 휘발성증류추출액 중 정향의 증류추출액이 가장 강한 항산화활성($IC_{50}$=8.85 ${\mu}g/mL$) 및 COX-2 저해활성(10 ${\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 저해율은 58.15%)을 나타내었으며, 반면 15-LOX 저해 활성(25 ${\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 저해율은 86.15%)은 당귀 다음으로 가장 높았다. 정향 증류추출액의 휘발성 향기성분을 SDE법으로 추출한 후 GC-MS를 이용하여 분석한 결과, eugenol, trans-caryophyllene 및 acetyl eugenol을 확인하였다. 한편, eugenol 및 그 유도체(methyl eugenol 및 acetyl eugenol)의 항산화 및 항염증 활성을 측정한 결과, eugenol($IC_{50}$=5.99 ${\mu}g/mL$)이 가장 높은 항산화활성을 나타낸 반면, methyl eugenol 및 acetyl eugenol은 거의 활성을 나타내지 않았다. COX-2의 경우 20 ${\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 eugenol(85.35%)이 가장 강한 저해활성을 나타낸 반면, 15-LOX는 20 ${\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 methyl eugenol(83.29%)이 가장 높은 저해활성을 나타내었다. 정향 에탄올추출물의 eugenol 및 유도체의 함량을 HPLC로 분석한 결과, eugenol 및 acetyl eugenol이 각각 6.95%, 1.85% 함유되어 있었으며 methyl eugenol은 검출되지 않았다. 이와 같이 정향 유래의 eugenol 및 그 유도체는 안전성이 문제시되고 있는 합성항산화제 및 항염증제를 대체할 수 있는 천연 유래의 항산화 및 항염증물질로서 잠재적 가치가 있어 향후 기능성식품, 화장품 및 의약품 소재로 널리 사용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.127-135
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• 1989

카레가루 원료로 쓰이면서 독특한 풍미를 내는 육두구(nutmeg), 쿠민(cumin), 카다몬(cardamon), 심황뿌리가루(turmeric), 고수(coriander), 정향(clove), 올스파이스(allspice), 카시아(cassia), 회향(fennel), 셀러리시드(celery seed), 검정후추(black pepper)등 향신료 11종을 상압 수증기 증류하여 얻은 유출액으로부터 Diethyl ether: n-Pentane(2 : 1, v/v)으로 향미성분을 추출한 후, capillary GC와 GC/MS를 이용하여 그 주요 성분들을 동정하였다. 육두구는 ${\alpha}-pinene(11.06%)$, ${\beta}-pinene(11.17%)$, myristicin(19.98%), 쿠민은 cuminaldehyde(37.68%), 카다몬은 ${\alpha)-terpineol(47.33%)$, 1, 8-cineol(20.56%), 고수는 linalool(61.72%), 정향은 eugenol(63.63%), eugenol acetate(20.59%), 올스파이스는 eugenol(80.12%), methyl eugenol(10.85%), 카시아는 cinnamaldehyde(82.29%), 회향은 anethole(79.92%) 등이 주성분이었다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.25-40
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• 1991

Four root canal sealers, Apatite Root Sealer I and II composed mainly of hydroxyapatite/tricalciumphosphate, Sealapex containing calcium hydroxide, and Roth Sealer composed of zinc oxide - eugenol were compared on the culture of L929 fibroblasts. MIT (Methyl Thiazole Tetrazolium Bromide) colorimetric technique was used to measure the mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity. Results were as follows: 1. Hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate mixed sealers were significantly less toxic compared with calcium hydroxide and zinc oxide - eugenol type sealers. High pH of the calcium hydroxide sealer and release of eugenol component from the zinc oxide - eugenol type sealer were presumed to be the cause of the toxicity of these two sealers. In no cases, there were more cytoblastic effects in hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate mixed sealers compared to the control groups. 2. In all experimental groups, toxicity was decreased as dilutions were increased. However in zinc oxide-eugenol type sealer the cell activity was weakened for all dilution groups. 3. Regarding the effect of setting time, Apatite I and Sealapex were less toxic as the setting progressed. Apatite II kept constant regardless of the different time ellapsed after setting but Roth sealer revealed significantly higher toxicity for all experimental groups. 4. Comparing two different culture periods of 24 hours and 72 hours, Apatite I showed higher cell activities in longer period(72 hours) while Apatite II did not. Sealapex and Roth sealer, however, showed significantly lower cell activities in longer period.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.275-282
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• 2006

In previous our studies, we have reported that eugenol derived from Eugenia caryophyllata(Myrtaceace) exhibits acute N-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA)- and oxygen/glucose deprivation-induced neurotoxicity in primary cortical cultures and protects hippocampal neurons from global ischemia. In this study, we investigated whether the extracts and fractions of E. caryophyllata or eugenol shows the neuroprotective effects against delayed neuronal injury evoked by NMDA or ${\alpha}$-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole propionate(AMPA), and oxidative damage induced by arachidonic acid-, hydrogen peroxide-, $FeCl_2$/ascorbic acid-, and buthionine sulfoximine(BSO) in primary cortical cultures. We examined the neurotoxicity of eugenol itself in cultures and inhibitory effect of eugenol on NMDA- or kainate(KA)-induced convulsion in BALB/c mice. Each water, methanol extract and methanol fraction of E. caryophyllata was significantly attenuated NMDA-induced delayed neurotoxicity, respectively. Eugenol exhibited a significant inhibitory action against the convulsion evoked by NMDA and KA, and reduced delayed or brief neurotoxicity induced by NMDA, AMPA, and various oxidative injuries. These results suggest that eugenol derived from E. caryophyllata may contribute the neuroprotection against delayed-type excitotoxicity and excitotoxins-mediated convulsion through the amelioration of oxidative stress.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.93-97
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• 1986

Fourteen volatile components including eight allypyrocatechol analogs were isolated and identified from the essential oil and ether soluble fraction of Philippine Piper bettle leaves (Piperaceae). The major constituents of Philippine Piper betle oil were chavibetol and chavibetol acetate. Capilary GC analysis of the oil showed chavibetol (53.1%), chavibetol acetate (15.5%), caryophyllene (3.79%), allypyrocatechol diacetate (0.71%), campene (0.48), chavibetol methylether (=methyl eugenol, 0.48%), eugenol (0/32%), $\alpha$-pinene(0.21%), $\beta$-pinene(0.21%), $\alpha$-limonene(0.14%), safrole (0.11%), 1.8-cineol(0.04%), and allylpyrocatechol monoacetate. The major component of the ether soluble fraction was allylpyrocatechol (2.38% of the leaves).

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.130-138
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• 2001

한국의 동일 지역에서 10개 품종의 바질을 재배한 식물체를 꽃, 잎, 줄기 부위별로 분류하고 이들을 동시증류추출장치 (SDE)를 이용하여 essential을 분리하였다. 분리된 정유성분을 GC/MSD로 동정하여 alcohol류 11종, carbonyl류 6종, hydrocarbon류 20종, ester 화합물 5종으로 총 42종의 화합물을 확인하였다. 주요 성분들은 linatool, methyl chavicol, eugenol, 1,8-cineole, trans-methyl cinnamate등이었다. Peak의 면적비 (%)에 의한 품종간, 식물체 부위별 휘발성 성분을 보면 바질의 주성분인 linalool의 함량은 꽃에는 $31.76{\sim}53.04%$가 있었으며, 잎중에는 linalool이 $21.75{\sim}35.83%$, 줄기에는 $3.53{\sim}22.36%$가 들어 있었다. 식물체 부위별로는 꽃에 가장 많았고 다음이 잎, 줄기의 순이었으며 glove 바질이 $22.4{\sim}53.0%$로 많았고, cinnamon 바질이 $21.7{\sim}32.0%$로 적은 것으로 나타났다. Methyl chavicol은 꽃에는 $0.23{\sim}24.14%$가 있었으며, 잎중에는 $0.41{\sim}32.96%$, 줄기에는 $0.00{\sim}2.16%$가 들어 있었고 식물체 부위별 함량은 잎에 가장 많았고 다음이 꽃, 줄기의 순이었다. Eugenol의 함량은 꽃에는 $4.10{\sim}21.24%$가 있었으며 , 잎중에는 $5.29{\sim}48.74%$가 함유되었고 figz 바질에 48.7%로 많았으며, 줄기에는 $7.59{\sim}32.09%$가 들어 있었고, 식물체 부위별의 eugenol함량은 잎에 가장 많았고 다음이 꽃, 줄기의 순이었다. trans-methyl cinnamate는 꽃에 $0.03{\sim}28.68%$가 있었으며, 잎중에는 $0.00{\sim}38.49%$, 줄기에는 cinnamon바질이 20.63%로 가장 많이 함유되어 있었다. 식물체 부위별의 함량은 cinnamon바질의 잎에 가장 많았고 다음이 꽃, 줄기의 순으로 나타났다. 꽃, 잎, 줄기의 부위별의 향기 성분을 비교하여 보면 꽃, 잎 부위에 비해 줄기 부위의 성분 수 및 함량이 매우 적은 것으로 나타났으며 꽃과 잎 부위는 성분들간에 약간의 차이는 있으나 전반적으로 유사한 경향을 나타내었다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.513-517
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• 1999

Theessential oils of anise darkopal lettuce and sweet basils cultivated in Korea were extracted by simulatneous steam distillation and extraction method and were analyzed by GC/MSD. Total 41 com-ponents were identified in essential oils including 11 alcohols, 6 carbonyls 19 hydrocarbons and 5 esters components. The major components were 1,8-cineole linalool $\alpha$-bergamotene $\beta$-elemene methyl chavicol, $\beta$-cubebene methyl cinnamate and eugenol. Darkopal lettuce and sweet basils were rich in linalool(30.1-36.5%) methyl chavicol(8.1-25.5%) and relatively poor in methyl cinnamate(0-2.71%) Anise basil was rich in linalool(28.5%) and methyl cinnamate(23.1%) However methyl chavicol which was known as one of the main components of bisil was not detected.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.427-431
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• 2002

The purpose of this work was to study the effect of roasting temperature on the production of volatile compounds in Chinese-style pork jerky. The pork jerky was roasted by far-infrared grill at $150^{\circ}C$ or $200^{\circ}C$ for 5 min. The analysis of volatile compounds using a Likens-Nickerson apparatus coupled to a gas chromatograph and a mass spectrometer enabled us to identify 21 volatile compounds. The results showed that the volatile compounds coming from pork jerky can be divided into two groups in accordance with their possible origins. The first group of volatile compounds derived from oxidation of lipid included hexanal, ethylbenzene, nonanal, benzaldehyde, 2,4-decadienal, 1-octen-3-ol, octadecanal, and 9-octadecenal. The second group of volatile compounds generated from degradation of natural spices included 1,8-cinene, 4-terpineol, ${\alpha}$-terpineol, e-anethole, methyl-eugenol, panisaldehyde, elemol, eugenol, methyl-isoeugenol and myristicin. Significant differences (p<0.05) were found between 2 different roasted temperatures at levels for all volatile compounds.