• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.714-718
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• 2003

This study was conducted to determine the effect of DL-methionine (Met) and DL-methionine hydroxy analogue (MHA) supplementation on the growth performance, contents of serum amino acids and activities of digestive protease in broiler chicks from 0 to 3 weeks old . There were three treatments in this study: (1) control (basal diet), (2) 0.24% Met supplementation and (3) 0.368% MHA supplementation. The results showed that Met and MHA supplementation did not significantly (p>0.05) improve feed efficiency and body weight gain for broilers from 0-1, 0-2 and 0-3 weeks of age. The serum levels of homocystine, methionine and taurine were significantly (p<0.05) higher with supplementation of Met or MHA than with control. The pepsin activity of proventriculus was increased with (p<0.05) Met supplementation at 21 days of age and with MHA supplementation at 7 and 14 days of age. The trypsin activity was also increased (p<0.05) with MHA supplementation at 7 days of age. The chymotrypsin activity in pancreas and the dipeptidase activity in small intestinal mucosa and content were not affected (p>0.05) by Met or MHA supplementation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.434-442
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to determine the optimum ratio of methionine to methionine plus cystine for growing pigs. A nitrogen balance trial was conducted using a total of 21 barrows (Large WhiteLandrace) over two replicates. The initial body weight was $20.36{\pm}1.22kg$ (mean${\pm}$SD) in the first replicate and $23.54{\pm}1.02kg$ (mean${\pm}$SD) in the second. For each replicate, the 21 pigs were randomly assigned to one of seven dietary treatments with three observations per treatment. The diets included a methionine and cystine-deficient basal diet with all other essential nutrients meeting nutrient requirements and six diets formulated with graded levels of DL-methionine (0.00, 0.03, 0.06, 0.10, 0.13, 0.16%) and $L-Cystine{\cdot}HCl{\cdot}H_2O$ (0.19, 0.15, 0.11, 0.07, 0.04, 0.00%). This resulted in ratios of methionine to methionine plus cystine of 41.3, 29.6, 35.3, 41.2, 46.0, 51.6 and 57.5%. Each experimental period lasted 12 days consisting of a seven-day adaptation period followed by a five-day total collection of urine and feces. During the collection period, pigs were fed 900 g/day for the first replicate and 1,200 g/day for the second replicate. The feed was provided in three equal portions at 0800, 1500, and 2200 h daily. Pigs had ad libitum access to water after feeding. There was a linear (p<0.01) and quadratic (p<0.01) effect on daily gain and feed conversion as the ratio of methionine to methionine plus cystine increased. Pigs receiving the diets providing a methionine to methionine plus cystine ratio of 51.6% had the best daily gain and feed conversion. Plasma urea nitrogen was also lowest for this treatment. Nitrogen retention increased (p<0.01) as the relative proportion of methionine increased up to 51.6% and then a downward trend occurred at 57.5%. The quadratic regression model, as well as one- and two- slope regression line models, were used to determine the optimum ratio of methionine to methionine plus cystine. Eliminating the 35.3% methionine to methionine plus cystine treatment resulted in $R^2$ values in excess of 0.92. The optimal ratio of methionine to methionine plus cystine was estimated to be 54.15% for nitrogen retention and 56.72% for plasma urea nitrogen.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2024

A total of 180 21-day-old weaning pigs ([Yorkshire × Landrace] × Duroc) with an initial body weight of 6.44 ± 0.01 kg were randomly assigned to 9 treatments for evaluating the effects of replacing dietary inorganic copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) with glycine (Gly) or methionine (Met)-chelated Cu and Zn on growth performance and nutrient digestibility. The experimental period was 35 days. There were four replicated pens per treatment, with five pigs (three males and two females) per pen. Dietary treatments consisted of a basal diet (CON), in which the sources of Cu and Zn were in inorganic form. The inorganic Cu and Zn in the basal diet were replaced by glycine-chelated (GC) and methionine-chelated (MC) Cu and Zn by 30, 50, 70, or 100% to form the GC1, GC2, GC3, GC4, or MC1, MC2, MC3, MC4 groups. The 100% replacement of dietary inorganic Cu and Zn with GC or MC increased (p < 0.05) average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and gain-to-feed ratio. The complete replacement of dietary inorganic Cu and Zn with GC or MC led to enhanced (p < 0.05) digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen, Cu and Zn. Thus, the replacement of inorganic Cu and Zn with GC or MC can improve the growth efficiency and nutrient utilization of weaning pigs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.573-581
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• 2006

This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of supplemental methionine, lysine, choline, and sulfur on laying performance, metabolic parameters, and egg quality of hens fed diets containing sorghum (Sorghum vulgare) during the peak laying period. Lohman layers (n = 144), 30-wk of age as 6 replicate cages of 4 hens, were allocated randomly to receive basal diets containing either 22% corn (B) or 22% sorghum (BS) and diets BS plus 0.57% methionine, 0.66% lysine, 0.47% choline, or 0.05% sulfur for 98 d. Feed intake (FI) and egg production (EP) were recorded daily, egg weight (EW) was measured bi-weekly, and body weight (BW) was measured monthly. A sample of 12 eggs from each experimental group was collected every month to evaluate egg quality. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected for metabolite concentrations. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA as repeated measures and significant differences between the experimental groups were assessed using Duncan's Multiple Range test. Partial replacement of corn with sorghum in the basal diet did not affect BW, EP, and FCR but increased FI by 5.7% and EW by 2.4%. The effects of additives on laying performance were variable. Except for serum total protein (STP) concentration, other metabolic parameters were not affected by partial replacement of corn with sorghum in the basal diet. Hens fed diet BS had lower SPT concentration than hens fed diet B. Except for methionine supplementation, other supplements ameliorated depression in STP concentration. The additives did not affect other metabolic parameters. Egg quality responses to the experimental diets were also variable. Partial replacement of corn with sorghum in the basal diet did not affect eggshell characteristics (both thickness and stiffness), whereas it had variable effects on inner egg quality parameters (increased yolk index, depressed yolk color, and unaltered albumen index and Haugh unit). In conclusion, laying hen diets could include low-tannin sorghum (0.26%) up to 22% without necessitating extra supplements to overcome compromised performance.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.662-669
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• 2011

An experiment was conducted with broiler (Cobb 400) male chicks (n = 480) to determine the effect of betaine (Bet) supplementation (0 and 800 mg/kg) to diets containing five concentrations (15, 18, 20, 22 and 24 g/kg crude protein, CP) of methionine (Met) in a $2{\times}5$ factorial study for performance, carcass traits, immune responses, and serum parameters. Each diet was fed ad libitum from 1 to 42 d of age to 8 replicates of 6 chicks. Birds were housed in battery brooders placed in an open-sided poultry shed. Body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion efficiency and slaughter variables were recorded at 21 and 42 d of age. Serum biochemical profile, antibody production against Newcastle disease (ND) and lymphocyte proliferation ratio (LPR) were analysed at 42 d of age. Supplementing Bet to diets containing sub-optimal concentrations of Met (15 g/kg) improved weight gain and breast yield at 21 d of age (p<0.01), and feed conversion efficiency at 42 d of age (p<0.05). Feed efficiency at 21 d of age, body weight gain at 42 d of age, slaughter variables except breast yield at 21 d of age and ND antibody titres were not affected (p>0.05) by the interaction. LPR increased (p<0.05) with Bet supplementation at 20 g Met/kg CP equal to those broilers fed 24 g Met without Bet. Bet supplementation enhanced the concentrations of protein, globulin and cholesterol in serum of broilers fed sub-optimal concentrations of Met. Results suggested that Bet supplementation (800 mg/kg diet) enhanced growth (21 d), feed conversion efficiency (42 d), breast yield and lymphocyte proliferation in broilers fed a diet containing 15 g Met/kg CP.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 1995

This experiments was designed to evaluated the chemical components and nutrition of Aspergillus fumigatus cells. This dried fungal mycellia was consist of crude protein 48.5%, crude lipid 2.9%, carbohydrate 44.7% and total ash 3.4%, respectively. The major fatty acid of total lipid were 27.9% of linoleic acid, 24.6% of oleic acid, 15.4% of palmitic acid and 10.6% of linolenic aicd. Amino acid analysis indicated that the protein was rich in aspartic acid, glutamic acid, leucine, lysine but poor in cystein, methionine, histidine. The fungal cake of Aspergillus fumigatus, when dried and specially processed, has been found to serve as a source of protein in place of soybean meal in the diet of experimental mice. Animal were fed a control diet first, and an incease in weight proved the formulation to be satisfactory. At the end of a 30-day period, the experimental mice showed increases in weight comparable to those of the control animals. The net protein efficiency ratio for the control diet was 3.42$\pm$0.15 and the fungal protein and succinylated fungal protein with DL-methionine they were 3.12$\pm$0.39 and 2.98$\pm$0.06 respectively. This supports the view that dried and succinylated fungal protein can be substituted as a protein source.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.332-342
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• 2022

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is recognized one of the leading metabolic diseases globally, and the younger age population with the disease is rapidly growing, especially in developed countries. Since there has been no approved medicine, losing weight is known to be the only best remedy to control or reverse the disease. Recently, the field of microbiome has attracted much attention to offer more practical choices for patients. Here, we provide experimental evidence that Streptococcus thermophilus LM1012 (LM1012), a safe probiotic strain, is effective for improving NAFLD indexes. In the methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet induced C57BL/6 mouse model, administration of LM1012 promoted marked reductions of aspartate transaminase (23.8%), total bilirubin (27.8%), hydroxycholesterol (64.2%), triglyceride (29.7%) and IL-1β (68.3%) compared to the MCD diet alone group. Also, the histopathological data imply that LM1012 inhibited fat accumulation and inflammation in the liver, which are the key biomarkers for progression of the disease. Together, these findings suggest that human consumption of LM1012 as a healthy nutritional supplement, may be helpful in reducing the risk of liver damages in NAFLD patients.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.614-621
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• 2010

Increasing accuracy of broiler diet formulation based on amino acid digestibility in comparison to application of total amino acids could lead to more feed efficiency and productivity. This experiment was conducted for determination of sampling site (excreta and ileum) and recognition of the effects of a commercial enzyme ($Grind^{(R)}$ Danisco, Finland) on metabolizable energy, protein and amino acid digestibility of barley. This study was modulated by a marker in 21-day old Arbor Acres chickens. Corn-soybean meal was used as a control diet and, in the other two treatments, barley (at a level of 40%) with and without enzyme as the test ingredient were supplemented to the basal diet. Chromic oxide was included in all diets (0.5%) as an indigestible marker. Apparent metabolizable energy (AME), corrected by nitrogen (AMEn) and apparent digestibility of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, glycine, alanine, tyrosine, valine and methionine were significantly (p<0.05) higher in feces than ileum. Protein digestibility of diet and barley was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the ileum than in feces. Apparent digestibility of tryptophan, proline, methionine, phenylalanine and lysine was increased significantly (p<0.05) by enzyme supplementation. In contrast, no response was observed in AME, AMEn, and protein digestibility of the diet and barley by enzyme supplementation. The results of this study have shown that AME and amino acid digestibility were increased in feces, in contrast an adverse effect was observed for protein digestibility of the diet and barley.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.706-709
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• 2003

본 연구에서 식이중 CrMet 보충이 비만지수 및 지질 대사에 미치는 영향에 대하여 조사한 결과 실험군의 초기 체중은 비슷한 수준이었지만 CrMet 보충으로 최종 체중이 감소하는 경향을 보였고 이로 인해 CrMet 첨가시 비만지수 및 체지방 함량이 유의적으로 감소하였다(p<0.05). 혈청 total cholesterol은 CrMet 첨가시 69.22 $\pm$3.44 mg/㎗ 로 고지방군과 비교해 낮았으며(p<0.05), HDL cholesterol은 CrMet 보충으로 증가되었으며 HTR 지수도 높았다(p<0.05). 결과적으로 CrMet 보충은 체지방량과 혈청중 total cholesterol을 감소시키고 HDL cholesterol을 증가시킨다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.319-326
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• 1997

Met과 Se의 공급수준이 흰쥐의 알코올대사 효소계에 미치는 영향을 관찰하고자, Sprague-Dawley종의 웅성 흰쥐에게 Se 무첨가 및 정상공급식이 (0, 0.45mg/kg diet)에 Met(0, 3, 9g/kg diet)을 투여한 후 5주와 10주간 사육하여 간조직중의 알코올 대사효소와 항산화 방어 효소계 활성도를 관찰하였다. 알코올은 aldehyde dehydrogenase와 microsomal ethanol oxidizing system 활성도를 유의적으로 증가시켰으며, Met과 Se의 동시 결핍시 현저하게 감소하였고 Met과 Se의 동시 공급군의 경우 알코올 투여기간이 길수록 그 활성이 유의적으로 증가하였다. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 활성도는 알코올 투여로 감소하였으며 Met과 Se 동시 결핍군에서는 현저한 감소를 나타내었고, 사육기간이 길수록 그 활성이 유의적으로 감소되었다. Cytochrome P-450과 xanthine oxidase 활성도는 알코올 투여 시 유의적으로 증가되었는데 Se 결핍시 Met 결핍군과 과량공급군에서 그 증가가 현저하였으며, 5주 실험군에 비해 10주 실험군에서 유의적인 증가를 나타내었다. Superoxide dismutase, catalase 및 glutathione S-transferase 활성도는 알코올 투여시 증가되었으며, superoxide dismutase와 catalase 활성도는 알코올 투여기간이 길수록 유의적인 증가를 나타내었다. 알코올 투여시 glutathione peroxidas 활성도는 감소되었으며, Met 수준이 높을수록 증가하는 경향이었고, Met과 Se 동시 결핍시 현저하게 감소하였다. 이상의 결과에서 식이성 Met과 Se은 동물의 성장 및 정상적 대사유지에 필수적인 영양소로서 알코올 투여 시 Met과 Se 첨가에 따라 알코올대사 효소활성도와 항산화 방어효소 활성도의 변화를 유도할 수 있었다. 또한 식이 kg당 3g의 Met과 0.45mg의 Se 동시 공급시 원활한 알코올대사를 유도하여 알코올성 간손상을 가장 효율적으로 경감시킬 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.