• 기본간호학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.395-403
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• 2005

Purpose: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major nosocomial pathogen in the intensive care units (ICUS). The purpose of this case-control study is to identify risk factors for acquisition of MRSA during ICU stays in patients with and without MRSA. Method: The study was conducted in a 16 beds-neurosurgical intensive care unit of a 2200-bed tertiary care university hospital in Seoul, Korea. Medical record and Critical Classification Scoring System were reviewed retrospectively in patients who were admitted more than 3 days from August 1, 2003 to May 30, 2004. Cases and controls were matched for age and gender. The obtained specimens were nasal swab and sputum. Result: There were 950 patients' admissions during the period. Among them, MRSA was isolated from twenty-three patients who were considered as hospital acquired. Artificial airway (p=.045), frequency of suction (p=.002), nasogastric tube (p=.004), wound drain (p=.045), and vancomycin (p=.019) were risk factors for MRSA acquisition in univariate analysis. Frequency of suction (p=.012, OR 3.5) was revealed as the only risk factor in multivariate conditional logistic regression. Conclusion: Our findings give support to recent studies that suggest that frequent physical contact maγ increase the nosocomial acquisition of MRSA in a neurosurgical ICU.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.51-54
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• 2013

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the important causative microbes for nosocomial infection and has been isolated from the dental environment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of linalool and ${\alpha}$-terpineol against MRSA isolates from a Korean population. In the experiments, we determined the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of these two compounds against 18 strains of MRSA. The data revealed that the $MIC_{90}/MBC_{90}$ values of linalool and ${\alpha}$-terpineol against MRSA were >12.8 mg/ml and 6.4 mg/ml, respectively. These results indicate that ${\alpha}$-terpineol has more potent antimicrobial activity against MRSA than linalool and may have utility as an anti-MRSA cleansing agent for dental instruments and dental unit chairs.

• Archives of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.143-145
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• 2017

Medical leech therapy is a treatment for the venous congestion of tissue flaps, grafts, and replants. We report a case of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) following leech application at a congested flap after mastectomy. A 45-year-old woman had an invasive ductal carcinoma. Modified radical mastectomy was performed. The chest wall defect was reconstructed with a local rotation flap. On postoperative day (POD) 1, congestion and color change were observed, and 10 medical leeches were applied to the congested area. On POD 4, another 10 medical leeches were applied. On POD 12, wound necrosis progressed and a pus-like discharge appeared. A wound swab culture revealed MRSA. Debridement was carried out on POD 15. From POD 16, vancomycin and piperacillin/tazobactam were injected for 18 days. The wound culture on POD 18 also revealed MRSA. A split-thickness skin graft was performed on POD 28. MRSA has not been clearly identified in the literature as a leech enteric bacterium. Although MRSA may have come from another source, the present case raises the possibility of MRSA infections following leech application at congested flaps. When medical leeches are applied at the congestion site of a flap, an aseptic cradle will be helpful. Vancomycin irrigation may be needed if infection occurs.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.555-558
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• 2023

Staphylococcus aureus is a prominent multidrug-resistant pathogen known for its resistance to a variety of antibiotics. To combat this, a wide range of antibiotics, including quinolones, is utilized. While the efficacy of quinolones against S. aureus has been established, the rise in quinolone-resistant strains, particularly in methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), has necessitated a shift in their usage patterns. Genomic sequencing plays a crucial role as it offers insights into the genetic mechanisms of resistance. Thus, we report the complete genome sequence of an oxolinic acid-resistant strain of S. aureus isolated from sweet potato leaves, a crop commonly cultivated in Korea.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.335-340
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• 2013

선복화(Inula britannica flowers) 메탄올 추출물을 이용하여 methicillin에 저항성이 있는 Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)에 대한 항균효과를 검증하였다. 선복화 메탄올 추출물은 다량의 quercetin을 함유한 것으로 분석되었다. 세 종류의 MRSA에 대한 항균효과는 disc diffusion method에 의해 확인되었고, 최소저해농도(MIC) 및 최소사멸농도(MBC)는 각각 0.625 mg/ml-1.25 mg/ml, 2.5 mg/ml로 확인되었다. 이들 MRSA 중 S. aureus ATCC 33591가 가장 민감한 작용을 하였으며, 이 균에 대해서 작용기작을 확인하였다. 시간에 따른 저해 정도와 형태관찰을 통해 선복화 메탄올 추출물이 항균활성을 갖는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 메탄올 추출물의 resistant gene에 대한 영향은 mRNA 상에서 mecA와 mecRI gene의 발현감소와 mecI gene의 발현증가를 통해 메티실린 내성을 감소시키는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 선복화 메탄올추출물은 MRSA에 대한 항균효과를 가지는 천연 항균성 소재로서의 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2013

Objectives : Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a cephalosporin and beta-lactam antibiotic-resistant strains. In most cases, that is spread from infected patients and infection rates are growing increasingly. Thus, accordingly, increased resistance to antibiotics is causing serious problems in the world. Therefore, there is a need to develop alternative antimicrobial drugs for the treatment of infections diseases. Methods : The antibacterial activities of Sinhyowoldosan were evaluated against 3 strains of Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) and 1 standard Methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) strain by using the disc diffusion method, minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) assay, colorimetric assay using MTT test, checkerboard dilution test and time-kill assay was performed under dark. Results : The MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) of Sinhyowoldosan water extract against S. aureus strains ranged from 500 to 2,000 ${\mu}g/mL$, so we have confirmed it on a strong antibacterial effect. Also, the combinations of Sinhyowoldosan water extract and conventional antibiotics exhibited improved inhibition of MRSA with synergy effect. We suggest that Sinhyowoldosan water extract against MRSA have antibacterial activity, it has potential as alternatives to antibiotic agent. the combination test was used, Triton X-100 (TX) and DCCD for measurement of membrane permeability and inhibitor of ATPase. As a result, antimicrobial activity of SH is affected by the cell membrane were assessed. Conclusion : We suggest that the Sinhyowoldosan water extract lead the treatment of bacterial infection to solve the resistance and remaining side-effect problems that are the major weak points of traditional antibiotics.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.788-797
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• 2001

The usefulness of three PCR methods were evaluated for the epidemiological typing of Staphylococcus aureus: an enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence PCR (ERIC-PCR), repetitive extragenic palindromic element PCR (REP-PCR), and 16S-23S intergenic spacer PCR (ITS-PCR). The analysis was performed using a collection of S. aureus strains comprised of 6 reference and 79 isolates from patients with various diseases. Among the 85 S. aureus strains tested, 6 references and 6 isolates were found to be susceptible to methicillin, whereas the remaining 73 isolates were resistant to it. PCR methods are of special concern, as conventional phenotypic methods are unable to clearly distinguish among methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains. The ability of the techniques to detect different unrelated types was found to be as follows: ERIC-PCR, 19 types; REP-PCR, 36 types; and ITS-PCR, 14 types. On the basis of combining the ERIC, REP, and ITS fingerprints, the 85 S. aureus strains were grouped into 56 genetic types (designated G1 to G56). The diversities for the 85 S. aureus strains, calculated according to Simpson\`s index, were 0.88 for an ERIC-PCR, 0.93 for a REP-PCR, and 0.48 for an ITS-PCR, and the diversity increased up to 0.97 when an ERIC-PCR and REP-PCR were combined. The above discrimination indices imply that the genetic heterogeneity of S. aureus strains is high. Accordingly, this study demonstrates that DNA sequences from highly conserved repeats of a genome, particularly a combination of ERIC sequences and REP elements, are a convenient and accurate tool for the subspecies-specific discrimination and epidemiologic tracking of S. aureus.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.25-29
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• 1999

Psammaplin A, a natural bromotyrosine derivative from an associated form of two sponges (Poecillastra sp. and jaspis sp.) was found to possess the antimicrobial effect on the Gram-positive bacteria, especially on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The minimal inhibitory concentration of psammaplin A against twenty one MRSAs ranged from 0.781 to 6.25 ${\mu}g/ml$, which that of ciprofloxacin was 0.391~3.125${\mu}g/ml$. Psammaplin A could not bind to penicillin binding protein, but inhibited the DNA synthesis and the DNA gyrase activity with the respective 50% (DNA synthesis) and 100% (DNA gyrase) inhibitory concentration 2.83 and 100 ${\mu}g/ml$. These results indicate that psammaplin A has a considerable antibacterial activity, although restricted to a somewhat narrow range of bacteria, probably by inhibiting DNA gyrase.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.132-133
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• 2023

Clonal complex (CC) 398 community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) has emerged worldwide in a variety of livestock animals and humans. We report complete genome sequences of Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL) and immune evasion cluster (IEC) gene-positive CC398 MRSA strains isolated from patients in Korea.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2013

목 적 : 본 연구에서는 CA-MRSA로 인한 소아의 세균성 근골격계 감염의 임상양상을 연구하기로 하였다. 방 법 : 2000년 9월부터 2012년 8월까지 12년간 분당 차병원에 입원한 18세 이하의 환아 중 혈액과 관절액, 조직이나 고름의 세균 배양검사에서 S. aureus가 동정된 환아를 대상으로 의무기록을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 결 과 : 대상 환아 수는 총 31례였으며 중간값은 7세(최소 17일, 최대 18세)이다. 화농성 관절염으로 진단된 경우는 11례(35.5%), 골수염은 16례(51.6%), 화농성 관절염과 골수염이 병발된 경우는 5례(16.1%)였다. 환아의 혈액이나 관절액, 조직이나 고름 등에서 동정된 S. aureus 31례 중 MSSA는 25례(80.6%), MRSA는 6례(19.4%)였다. 검출된 균주 중 다제내성균은 관찰되지 않았다. MRSA가 배양되었던 6례는 모두 2006년 이후 발생하였다. 모든 증례에서 항생제가 투여되었으며 항생제 투여 기간은 $26.4{\pm}12.7$일이었고, 첫 항생제로 반코마이신을 동반 사용한 경우는 4례(12.9%)였으며 10례(32.3%)에서 최종 항생제로 반코마이신이 투여되었다. 결 론 : 본 연구를 통하여 최근 12년간 세균성 근골격계 감염에서 MRSA의 발생은 연구기간 후반에 편중되었다.