• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.51-54
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• 2013

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the important causative microbes for nosocomial infection and has been isolated from the dental environment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of linalool and ${\alpha}$-terpineol against MRSA isolates from a Korean population. In the experiments, we determined the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of these two compounds against 18 strains of MRSA. The data revealed that the $MIC_{90}/MBC_{90}$ values of linalool and ${\alpha}$-terpineol against MRSA were >12.8 mg/ml and 6.4 mg/ml, respectively. These results indicate that ${\alpha}$-terpineol has more potent antimicrobial activity against MRSA than linalool and may have utility as an anti-MRSA cleansing agent for dental instruments and dental unit chairs.

• Archives of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.143-145
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• 2017

Medical leech therapy is a treatment for the venous congestion of tissue flaps, grafts, and replants. We report a case of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) following leech application at a congested flap after mastectomy. A 45-year-old woman had an invasive ductal carcinoma. Modified radical mastectomy was performed. The chest wall defect was reconstructed with a local rotation flap. On postoperative day (POD) 1, congestion and color change were observed, and 10 medical leeches were applied to the congested area. On POD 4, another 10 medical leeches were applied. On POD 12, wound necrosis progressed and a pus-like discharge appeared. A wound swab culture revealed MRSA. Debridement was carried out on POD 15. From POD 16, vancomycin and piperacillin/tazobactam were injected for 18 days. The wound culture on POD 18 also revealed MRSA. A split-thickness skin graft was performed on POD 28. MRSA has not been clearly identified in the literature as a leech enteric bacterium. Although MRSA may have come from another source, the present case raises the possibility of MRSA infections following leech application at congested flaps. When medical leeches are applied at the congestion site of a flap, an aseptic cradle will be helpful. Vancomycin irrigation may be needed if infection occurs.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.555-558
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• 2023

Staphylococcus aureus is a prominent multidrug-resistant pathogen known for its resistance to a variety of antibiotics. To combat this, a wide range of antibiotics, including quinolones, is utilized. While the efficacy of quinolones against S. aureus has been established, the rise in quinolone-resistant strains, particularly in methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), has necessitated a shift in their usage patterns. Genomic sequencing plays a crucial role as it offers insights into the genetic mechanisms of resistance. Thus, we report the complete genome sequence of an oxolinic acid-resistant strain of S. aureus isolated from sweet potato leaves, a crop commonly cultivated in Korea.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.335-340
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• 2013

The antimicrobial effect of the methanol extract of Inula britannica flowers against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was investigated. It was confirmed that the methanol extract is mainly composed of quercetin, which has antimicrobial properties. The antimicrobial effect of the methanol extract against 3 MRSA strains was determined by the disc diffusion method. The minimal inhibitory concentrations were ranged from 0.625 mg/ml to 1.25 mg/ml, and the minimum bactericidal concentrations were 2.5 mg/ml. Time kill kinetics revealed bactericidal activities, and the morphological alterations in S. aureus ATCC 33591 treated with the extract were observed using a scanning electron microscope. The methanol extract affected the expression of the resistant genes, mecA, mecI, and mecRI in mRNA. Therefore, the methanol extract of I. britannica flowers clearly demonstrated an antimicrobial effect against MRSA and these results suggest a potential for application as a natural antimicrobial agent.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 2013

Objectives : Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a cephalosporin and beta-lactam antibiotic-resistant strains. In most cases, that is spread from infected patients and infection rates are growing increasingly. Thus, accordingly, increased resistance to antibiotics is causing serious problems in the world. Therefore, there is a need to develop alternative antimicrobial drugs for the treatment of infections diseases. Methods : The antibacterial activities of Sinhyowoldosan were evaluated against 3 strains of Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) and 1 standard Methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) strain by using the disc diffusion method, minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) assay, colorimetric assay using MTT test, checkerboard dilution test and time-kill assay was performed under dark. Results : The MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) of Sinhyowoldosan water extract against S. aureus strains ranged from 500 to 2,000 ${\mu}g/mL$, so we have confirmed it on a strong antibacterial effect. Also, the combinations of Sinhyowoldosan water extract and conventional antibiotics exhibited improved inhibition of MRSA with synergy effect. We suggest that Sinhyowoldosan water extract against MRSA have antibacterial activity, it has potential as alternatives to antibiotic agent. the combination test was used, Triton X-100 (TX) and DCCD for measurement of membrane permeability and inhibitor of ATPase. As a result, antimicrobial activity of SH is affected by the cell membrane were assessed. Conclusion : We suggest that the Sinhyowoldosan water extract lead the treatment of bacterial infection to solve the resistance and remaining side-effect problems that are the major weak points of traditional antibiotics.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.788-797
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• 2001

The usefulness of three PCR methods were evaluated for the epidemiological typing of Staphylococcus aureus: an enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence PCR (ERIC-PCR), repetitive extragenic palindromic element PCR (REP-PCR), and 16S-23S intergenic spacer PCR (ITS-PCR). The analysis was performed using a collection of S. aureus strains comprised of 6 reference and 79 isolates from patients with various diseases. Among the 85 S. aureus strains tested, 6 references and 6 isolates were found to be susceptible to methicillin, whereas the remaining 73 isolates were resistant to it. PCR methods are of special concern, as conventional phenotypic methods are unable to clearly distinguish among methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains. The ability of the techniques to detect different unrelated types was found to be as follows: ERIC-PCR, 19 types; REP-PCR, 36 types; and ITS-PCR, 14 types. On the basis of combining the ERIC, REP, and ITS fingerprints, the 85 S. aureus strains were grouped into 56 genetic types (designated G1 to G56). The diversities for the 85 S. aureus strains, calculated according to Simpson\`s index, were 0.88 for an ERIC-PCR, 0.93 for a REP-PCR, and 0.48 for an ITS-PCR, and the diversity increased up to 0.97 when an ERIC-PCR and REP-PCR were combined. The above discrimination indices imply that the genetic heterogeneity of S. aureus strains is high. Accordingly, this study demonstrates that DNA sequences from highly conserved repeats of a genome, particularly a combination of ERIC sequences and REP elements, are a convenient and accurate tool for the subspecies-specific discrimination and epidemiologic tracking of S. aureus.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.25-29
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• 1999

Psammaplin A, a natural bromotyrosine derivative from an associated form of two sponges (Poecillastra sp. and jaspis sp.) was found to possess the antimicrobial effect on the Gram-positive bacteria, especially on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The minimal inhibitory concentration of psammaplin A against twenty one MRSAs ranged from 0.781 to 6.25 ${\mu}g/ml$, which that of ciprofloxacin was 0.391~3.125${\mu}g/ml$. Psammaplin A could not bind to penicillin binding protein, but inhibited the DNA synthesis and the DNA gyrase activity with the respective 50% (DNA synthesis) and 100% (DNA gyrase) inhibitory concentration 2.83 and 100 ${\mu}g/ml$. These results indicate that psammaplin A has a considerable antibacterial activity, although restricted to a somewhat narrow range of bacteria, probably by inhibiting DNA gyrase.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.132-133
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• 2023

Clonal complex (CC) 398 community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) has emerged worldwide in a variety of livestock animals and humans. We report complete genome sequences of Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL) and immune evasion cluster (IEC) gene-positive CC398 MRSA strains isolated from patients in Korea.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.63-70
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• 2013

Purpose : This study aimed to explore how prevalent the community-related methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) was in children with muscular-skeletal infections. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients of 18 years or under who were diagnosed with suppurative arthritis or osteomyelitis and S. aureus from September 2000 through August 2012 at the CHA Bundang Medical center. Results : Thirty-one cases of suppurative arthritis or osteomyelitis were identified. The patients were between 17 days old and 18 years old with an average age of 7. Eleven cases (33.5%) of suppurative arthritis and 16 cases (51.6%) of osteomyelitis were observed. Five cases were accompanied by the two diseases. Methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) was isolated in 25 cases (80.6%) and methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was isolated in 6 cases (19.4%). Multidrug resistant strains were not observed. MRSA was not found from 2000 through 2005. All patients were treated with antibiotics and the duration of antibiotics treatment was $26.4{\pm}12.7$ days. Vancomycin was used as the initial antibiotic treatment in 4 cases (12.9%) and vancomycin was used as the definitive antibiotics in the 10 cases (32.3%). Conclusions : The result of this study showed that methicillin resistance rate of S. aureus from muscular-skeletal infections was concentrated in the latter half of the 12 year period.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.64 no.8
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• pp.415-421
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• 2021

Background: Antibiotic resistance is associated with longer hospitalizations, higher treatment costs, and increased morbidity and mortality rates. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Iranian children. Methods: International databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and Scopus, and Iranian databases, including Scientific Information Database (www.sid.ir), Magiran, and Iranian Database for Medical Literature (idml.research.ac.ir), were systematically searched for articles published between January 2000 and August 2019. Sources of heterogeneity were determined using subgroup analysis and meta-regression. Results: Overall, 343 studies were identified; of them, 20 were included in the meta-analysis to estimate the pooled prevalence. The pooled prevalence of MRSA was 42% (95% confidence interval [CI], 29-55) among culture-positive cases of S. aureus, 51% (95% CI, 39-62) in hospitalized children, and 14% (95% CI, 0.05-27) in healthy children. Conclusion: The overall pooled prevalence of MRSA in children was 42%. Appropriate infection control measures and effective antibiotic therapy are needed.