• Journal of Drive and Control
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.9-19
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• 2021

The spool displacement signal of a directional control valve, including the servo valve, can be considered as the standard signal to measure dynamic characteristics. When the spool displacement signal is not available, the velocity signal of a metering cylinder piston can be used. In this study, the frequency response characteristics of the metering cylinder are investigated for the spool displacement input. The transfer functions of the servo valve-metering system are derived taking into consideration the oil inertia effect in the transmission lines. The theoretical results of the transfer functions are verified through computer simulations and experiments. The oil inertia effect in the transmission lines was found to have a very significant effect on the bandwidth frequency of the servo valve-metering cylinder system. In order to more precisely measure the dynamic characteristics of a servo valve, the metering cylinder should be set up to minimize the oil inertia effect by increasing the inner diameters of the transmission lines or shortening their lengths.

• Journal of Drive and Control
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2021

The flow signal or spool position signal is used to determine the dynamic characteristics of directional control valves. Alternatively, the signal of spool position or flow can be replaced with the velocity of a low friction, low inertia actuator. In this study, the frequency response of the servo valve equipped with a spool position transducer is measured with a metering cylinder. The input signal, spool displacement, load pressure, and velocity of the metering cylinder are measured, and the theoretical results from the transfer function analysis are verified. The superposition rule for magnitude ratio and phase angle was found to be always applicable among any signal type, and it was found that the load pressure signal is not appropriate for use as the signal for measuring the frequency response of a servo valve. It was confirmed that the frequency response of a servo valve using metering cylinder was similar to the results from a spool displacement signal. The metering cylinder used for measuring the frequency response of a servo valve should be designed to have sufficiently greater bandwidth frequency than the bandwidth frequency of the servo valve.

• Journal of Drive and Control
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.44-51
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• 2015

In this study, a metering cylinder was constructed, and the velocity obtained from the linear velocity transducer (LVT) of the cylinder piston was used to evaluate the dynamic performance of an electro-hydraulic servovalve. Frequency response experiments involving the spool displacement and piston velocity (LVT signal) were conducted with different input signal amplitudes, hydraulic pipe diameters, and supply pressures. The spool displacement signal accurately reflected the performance of the servovalve. Meanwhile, the -3 dB bandwidth frequency of the LVT signal was similar to the spool displacement signal, except for a small-amplitude input signal, and the $-90^{\circ}$ phase lag bandwidth frequency showed some differences.

• Journal of Drive and Control
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.31-44
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• 2016

In recent hydraulic actuation systems, conventional hydraulic spool valves with pressure compensators are becoming less popular, after the introduction of the independent metering concept for valves. Within this concept, four valves are needed for actuating a single cylinder. Subsequently, this increases the freedom of controlling both chamber pressures of the cylinder, and it then provides for electronically-controlled pressure compensation facilities. Additionally, this has the potential to save valuable energy. The primary focus of this paper is to develop a new generation of hydraulic circuits using the independent metering valve (IMV). This configuration can function well as a conventional IMV circuit while providing better pressure control. We first describe the working principles of five distinct modes of the proposed IMV system. Then, mathematical models for each working mode are presented. Finally, we present numerical simulations that have been carried out to evaluate the system performance, in comparison with that of the conventional IMV configuration. The simulation results demonstrate that the performance of the new IMV configuration is superior to the conventional IMV system in terms of energy savings.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.36-42
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• 2016

A cylinder control system of the conventional construction machine has been controlled by hydraulic spool valves. This system is low-cost but system efficiency is not high. Recently, to improve this, all valves are controlled electronically and independently. Bu and Yao suggested four way electronic hydraulic control valve system. It is called IMVT(Independent Metering Valve Technology). The purpose of the study is to find proper IMV pressure control method for excavator and to validate excavator's bucket regeneration energy effect by controlling the IMV system. In this paper, we mathematically describe the bucket system of excavator first. And then, based on these results, we design the control system which is divided into two operations(none regeneration or regeneration).The results of the experiment show the desirable performance and usefulness of the designed control system.

• Journal of Drive and Control
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.30-35
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• 2019

EPPR (Electro-hydraulic Proportional Pressure Reducing) valves are pressure control valves. In this study, an independent metering valve (IMV), which is a combination of a spool valve opened and closed with the help of an EPPR valve, was discussed. The overall performance of the valve (IMV) was obtained by the respective modeling and simulation of the system. The valve investigated in this study is to be used for independent metering of hydraulic excavator actuator e.g. boom, arm, bucket etc. To design the model, continuity equations and force balance equations were used. The set of differential equations were then simulated in Simulink using ODE45 option in the configuration toolbox. The valve has to be able to control the flow rate going in and out of the cylinder separately, which is why the particular configuration was needed and selected.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.404-410
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• 2009

This study was carried out to develop a self-propelled type explosive subsoiler for improving the root zone soil conditions in orchard and other forest fields. Prototype was designed to be able to inject air and other soil improving material such as lime into soil at the same time, and thus improve the air permeability and drainage of orchard soils to promote the root growth of tree for high quality fruit production. Soil penetration device of explosive subsoiler is composed of air hammer, penetration rob and air injection nozzle. To support the soil penetration device of explosive subsoiler to penetrate vertically, modified Scott-Russel mechanism was used. Timing control device for simultaneous injection of soil improving material with air was attached to the out side wall of air cylinder and as the cylinder move, the soil improving material was injected into soil at the same time. Turning radius of prototype was 2.2-2.3 m with good mobility in sloped land. It took approximately 1 minute for lime injection system to reach the optimum pressure of 9.9 kg/$cm^2$, average 10-20 seconds were required to rupture soil with the depth of 50 cm and 2-3 seconds were required for explosion, so all in all about 1 minute and 20 seconds were required for one cycle of explosion. Maximum soil rupture depth and diameter were 50 cm and 3-4 m respectively depending on the soil type and soil moisture content. For final design of explosive subsoiler inclination angle of lime hopper was increased from 60 degree to 70 degree and the shape of hopper was changed from rectangular cone to circular cone to solve the clogging problem of lime at out let. Agitating system operated by compressed air was attached to the metering device of the prototype, thus more than 90 cc of lime was discharged per cycle from metering device without clogging problems.

• Journal of Drive and Control
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.49-56
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• 2018

Construction machinery is used to improve productivity in civil engineering work and construction work, and it is a lengthy operation, and consumes considerable fuel to cope with large loads. As a result, productivity and fuel consumption of the construction machine become the main deciding factors. In the hydraulic system of the excavator, the main control valve is the most critical position for control. The flow distribution for control performance is achieved by the metering orifice, that causes critical energy loss. To improve this, we propose a combination of a three port proportional pressure reducing valve and a poppet type flow control valve as an IMV to replace the existing spool type MCV. To validate the proposal, we analyze static characteristics by modeling mathematically, and analyze dynamic characteristics. Simulation using the AMESim software on the regeneration circuit of the boom cylinder up-down operation, verifies the energy-saving effect compared to the existing MCV when IMV is used.

• Aerospace Engineering and Technology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.11-17
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• 2003

This paper present a method of meter-out flow control for overload protection valve in full-scale airframe test. Emergency stop, which results in dump state, can be happened during full-scale airframe test by several causes. Because servo valve can't control hydraulics actuator in the dump state, pressure in cylinder chamber may rise abruptly and overload can be acted to the test article. In this paper, the procedure and technology of orifice setting are investigated to protect the test article from unexpected loads by dump. The test results show that the presented methods decrease peak loads and improve unloading characteristics of hydraulic actuators in the dump state.