• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.41-45
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• 1994

Most common metastatic tumors of the thyroid gland are squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck region, adenocarcinoma of breast and lung, malignant melanoma, and renal cell carcinoma of kidney in order of frequency. Metastasis from gastrointestinal tract to the thyroid gland rarely occurs. We experienced a case of fine needle aspiraton cytology of metastatic adenocarcinoma of both thyroid glands from the colon. Cytologic smears showed picket-fence like arrangement of nuclei of carcinoma cells and syncytial type of tissue fragments with acinar pattern on necrotic or mucoid background.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.36-42
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• 1991

We report 4 cases of malignant thymoma which were composed of 2 cases of invasive thymoma and 2 cases of thymic carcinoma. The cytologic findings of invasive thymoma were similar to those of benign thymoma. The distinctive cytologic features of thymic carcinoma were necrotic background, irregular clusters and individually scattered arrangement of anaplastic epithelial cells, and some scattered mature small lymphocytes. These findings may be found in the Hodgkin's lymphoma, seminoma, and metastatic squamous ceil carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, and large ceil carcinoma of the lung. But, the feature of irregular clustering of anaplastic epithelial cell haying scanty cytoplasm was different from Hodgkin's lymphoma and seminoma. Clinical and radiologic findings as well as cytologic finding were helpful in differential diagnosis of thymic carcinoma from metastatic carcinoma.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.96-101
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• 1999

For many years it has been reported that seemingly benign neck cysts may contain carcinoma. Cystic metastases have often mistaken for either branchial cleft cysts or benign mass. Authors experienced two cases which presents cystic cervical metastatic cancer One was a tonsillar carcinoma and the other was a tongue carcinoma. Patients with a cystic squamous carcinoma in the neck likely have a primary in upper aero-digestive system and It is known that the tonsil is most common site. Radiologic examination and fine needle aspiration biopsy of the cyst proved to be non-diagnostic. The development of cervical lymph node metastases before clinical signs of carcinoma of the tonsil is also well recognized. So, in old patients, thorough head If neck examination, panendoscopy and ipsilateral tonsillectomy is mandatory to identify a primary carcinoma prior to cyst excision.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2004

Objectives: Cancer lethality is usually the result of local invasion and metastasis of neoplastic cell from the primary tumor. Because of their ability to degrade extracellular matrix components, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) have been implicated in the breakdown of basement membrane and underlying stroma, thereby facilitating tumor growth and invasion. It has been well established that MMPs and bFGF expression correlate with cervical lymph node metastasis, but studies on expression in the metastatic cervical lymph node itself are not enough. We have analyzed matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and metastatic cervical lymph node, and evaluated their relationship and clinicophathologic significance. Material and Methods: 20 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were entered on the study of immunohistochemical stains for MMP-9 and bFGF in the obtained tissue from primary tumor and metastatic cervical lymph node. We analyzed the relationship between MMP-9, bFGF expression of the primary tumor and metastatic node with age, sex, T-stage, N-stage, histologic grade, pathologic stage and disease free survival. Results: Expression of MMP-9 and bFGF in cancer cell and metastatic lymph node was higher than that in normal cell and lymph node. According to histologic differentiation, expression of MMP-9 of the metastatic cervical lymph node was higher than primary tumor. Considering to other clinicopathologic factor, no statistical significance was seen in MMP-9 and bFGF. Conclusion: We found that expression of MMP-9 is higher in the metastatic lymph node than primary tumor in the poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. But we don't find out the statistical significance in relation between bFGF and clinical factors. So we guess that some different mechanism of MMP-9 and bFGF in Head & Neck squamous cell carcinoma exist. Further studies will be necessary to establish their pathogenesis in the Head and Neck cancer.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.121-134
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• 2006

Objectives : This experiment was conducted to evaluate inhibitory effects against hepatic metastasis and promotion of immunocytes by cultivated wild ginseng Herbal Acupuncture. Methods : Colon26-L5 carcinoma cells were injected through hepatic portal vein to induce hepatic metastatic cancer. Changes in weight, morphology of the cancer, histological impressions were evaluated and cytokine level was analyzed to yield immunological changes. Colon26-L5 carcinoma cells were injected through hepatic portal vein to induce hepatic metastatic cancer. Changes in weight, morphology of the cancer, histological impressions were evaluated and cytokine level was analyzed to yield immunological changes. Results : 1. Mice treated with cultivated wild ginseng Herbal Acupuncture reduced metastatic size compared to the control group. 2. No distinctive differences were witnessed between the cancer cells of control and experimental group in histological observation, but experimental group was closer to the normal tissue condition. 3. Observing immunocytes from the spleen of experimental group, T-lymphocytes were significantly increased. 4. Measuring the level of cytokine IL-4 which stimulates Th 2 were significantly increased. These findings strong1y indicate cultivated wild ginseng Herbal Acupuncture enhances immunity to inhibit the growth of cancer and metastasis.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.70-75
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• 1991

Supraclavicular lymph nodes are unique in that they can attract metastases from almost anywhere in the body and most common sites of metastasis from an unknown primary source. 125 cases which had been diagnosed as metastatic supraclavicular lymph node during the period between May 1983 and August 1991, were analysed pathologically, and the following distinctive characteristics could be outlined : 1) The most frequent sites of metastasis from primary lesions are lunge(43%), stomach(23%), lymphoreticular(6%), biliary(5%), esophagus(2%), and pancreas(2%). 2) Histologic examination of metastatic supraclavicular lymph node revealed adenocarcinoma(57%), squamous cell carcinoma(12%), undifferentiated carcinoma(9%), small cell carcinoma(7%), malignant lymphoma(6%), malignant melanoma(1%) and undetermined carcinoma(8%). 3) In cases that histologic type was adenocarcinoma, the most frequent primary sites were stomach(38%), lung(27%) and biliary(8%). 4) In cases that histologic types were squamous cell caricinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, small cell carcinoma and undetermined carcinoma, the most frequent primary site was lung.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.66-70
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• 2021

Isolated head and neck metastasis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is relatively rare and metastasis to the temple area is very rare. Here, we present the case of a 51-year-old man who was diagnosed with RCC 2 years earlier and had a contralateral metastatic temple area lesion. The patient who was diagnosed with renal cell cancer and underwent a nephrectomy 2 years ago was referred to the plastic surgery department for a temple mass on the contralateral side. In the operative field, the mass was located in the temporalis muscle with a red-to-purple protruding shape. Biopsy of the mass revealed a metastatic RCC lesion. Computed tomography imaging showed a lobulated, contoured enhancing lesion. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging showed high-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the right temporalis muscle. The patient underwent wide excision of the metastatic RCC including the temporalis muscle at the plastic surgery department. Skeletal muscle metastasis of head and neck lesions is extremely rare in RCC. Isolated contralateral temporalis muscle metastasis in RCC has not been previously reported in the literature. If a patient has a history of malignant cancer, plastic surgeons should always consider metastatic lesions of head and neck tumors. Because of its high metastatic ability and poor prognosis, it is very important to keep this case in mind.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.3703-3708
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• 2015

Background: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a strong predictor of mortality in patients with colorectal, lung, gastric cancer, pancreatic and metastatic renal cell carcinoma. We here evaluated whether preoperative NLR is an independent prognostic factor for non-metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Materials and Methods: Data from 327 patients who underwent curative or palliative nephrectomy were evaluated retrospectively. In preoperative blood routine examination, neutrophils and lymphocytes were obtained. The predictive value of NLR for non-metastatic RCC was analyzed. Results: The NLR of 327 patients was $2.72{\pm}2.25$. NLR <1.7 and NLR ${\geq}1.7$ were classified as low and high NLR groups, respectively. Chi-square test showed that the preoperative NLR was significantly correlated with the tumor size (P=0.025), but not with the histological subtype (P=0.095)and the pT stage (P=0.283). Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Effects of NLR on OS (P=0.007) and DFS (P=0.011) were significant. To evaluate the independent prognostic significance of NLR, multivariate COX regression models were applied and identified increased NLR as an independent prognostic factor for OS (P=0.015), and DFS (P=0.019). Conclusions: Regarding patient survival, an increased NLR represented an independent risk factor, which might reflect a higher risk for severe cardiovascular and other comorbidities. An elevated blood NLR may be a biomarker of poor OS and DFS in patients with non-metastatic RCC.

• Journal of Breast Cancer
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.463-467
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• 2018

Metastasis from primary cancer to the thyroid is uncommon in breast cancer. Here we present a case of lobular breast carcinoma that metastasized to the thyroid. A 54-year-old woman without symptoms was admitted to our institution for staging of the lymph node above the left clavicle. An $^{18}F$-fluoro-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography scan was performed for staging, and low uptakes were observed in the left supraclavicular and cervical lymph nodes. High uptake was seen in the posterior and lower left lobe of the thyroid. Histologic findings indicated lobular breast carcinoma (positive GATA3, loss of E-cadherin expression) metastatic to the thyroid with a luminal profile. Immunohistochemical analysis was negative for primary thyroid or parathyroid carcinoma. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a patient presenting a metastatic invasive lobular carcinoma in the thyroid and lymph nodes without a prior diagnosis of breast cancer.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.67-70
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• 2017

We present a metastatic carcinoma from the breast to the neck soft tissue around common carotid artery, with a rare finding of voice change. A 60 year-old female patient presented with voice change for 7 months. Neck ultrasound revealed a soft tissue mass between internal jugular vein and common carotid artery. Result of fine needle aspiration biopsy was a metastatic carcinoma. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance image revealed $2.5{\times}3.0cm$ sized irregular marginated soft tissue mass in right lower neck encasing common carotid artery and internal jugular vein. Surgical resection was performed and pathologic result with immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the diagnosis of a metastatic invasive ductal carcinoma originated from breast.