• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
• /
• 1998.10c
• /
• pp.494-496
• /
• 1998

디지털 이미징(Digital Imaging) 분야에서 칼라 스캐너와 칼라 디지털 카메라와 같은 입력 장비들을 통하여 획득된 디지털 이미지는 장비 의존적인(Device Dependent) RGB칼라값으로 표현된다. 이러한 장비 의존적인 디지털 칼라 이미지는 인간 시각 체계의 칼라 인지 능력과 일치하지 않으므로 왜곡된 칼라를 제공하게 된다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해서 장비 의존적인 RGB 칼라값을 장비 독립적인(Device Independent) XYZ 칼라값으로 변환하는 다양한 연구가 수행중이다[1-3]. 그러나, 이러한 연구 방법들은 서로 다른 Reflectance 값을 가지는 두 칼라가 특정한 환경하에서 동일한 XYZ 칼라값을 가지고, 또 다른 환경하에서 서로 다른 XYZ 칼라값을 가지는 Metamerism 문제를 해결할 수 없다. 본 논문은 이러한 Metamerism 문제를 해결하기 RGB 칼라값을 Reflectance 값으로 변환하였고, 기존의 연구 결과와 비교하였다.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.48-56
• /
• 2024

PURPOSE. To evaluate the metameric disparities among monolithic zirconia materials with differing yttrium compositions across various lighting conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Thirty-six square-shaped zirconia samples measuring 10 × 10 × 0.5 mm were prepared from monolithic zirconia materials with three different yttrium contents. A 0.2 mm thick layer of polymerized dual-polymerizable self-adhesive resin cement was created using a silicone mold with the same dimensions as the prepared zirconia specimens. To evaluate metamerism, color measurements were conducted using a spectrophotometer device on a neutral gray background in a color measurement cabinet that offers four different illumination environments. All samples underwent aging by subjecting them to 10000 thermal cycles using a thermal cycle tester. Following thermal aging, color measurements were taken once more, and the data were recorded using the CIE L^*, a^*, b^* color system. Two-way ANOVA and Post-hoc Bonferroni tests were employed to analyze the data. RESULTS. It was observed that there was no statistical difference among the color measurements made in different illumination environments of the monolithic zirconia ceramics used to evaluate metamerism (P > .05). This observation remained consistent both before and after thermal aging. After thermal aging, the color of monolithic zirconia materials exhibited a tendency towards red and yellow hues, accompanied by a decrease in brightness levels. CONCLUSION. It can be stated that different illumination conditions did not affect the metamerism of monolithic zirconia materials, but there was a color change in monolithic zirconia materials after a thermal aging period equivalent to one year.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.402-408
• /
• 2003

This study was done to present a criterion in selection of the most proper light sources and materials by measuring metamerism index(MI) of the light curing composite resins with spectrocolorimeter. Metamerism is defined when two objects appear to be the same color in one illuminant but different in another. This is due to the fact that they have different spectral curves that fail to match under the second illuminant. In this study, A1 & A3 shade of five light curing composite resins (Esthet-X, Filteck Z250, Filteck A110. Charisma. Vitalescence) were chosen based on Vita shade. Five samples were made for shade of each product with Teflon mold (diameter: 15mm, thickness: 2mm). Metamerism index of each samples on a Barium sulfate plate($L^{*}=96.54,{\;}a^{*}=0.19,{\;}b^{*}=0.01$) prepared for sample fixation were measured with spectrocolorimeter(Miniscan XE plus. Model 4000s. Hunter Lab. USA) by applying standard light source D^{65}, C. Fcw, TL84 and A. Standardization was done with reference standard(X=80.8, Y=85.7, Z=90.8) and light trap. The results were as follows. 1. Different resins with same Vita shade showed recognizable color difference (${\delta}E^{*}>2$). 2. All composites had MI below accepted value 0.5 between standard illuminant(D$_{65}$, C, & A) and below 1.5 under fluorescent condition (Fcw & TL84). 3. MI value between $D^{65}$ and A showed higher value than MI value between other source of light(p<0.01). 4. All resins except Z250 showed MI value that A3 is higher than A1 between $D^{65}$ and A(p<0.05).except Z250 showed MI value that A3 is higher than A1 between $D^{65}$ and A(p<0.05).

• Proceedings of the KACD Conference
• /
• 2002.11a
• /
• pp.709-709
• /
• 2002

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2003.11a
• /
• pp.567-570
• /
• 2003

디지털 영상이나 물체의 컬러 정보를 표시하는 일반적인 방법은 컬러를 Red(R), Green(G), Blue(B)의 삼색 정보로 표현하는 것이다. 디지털 영상이나 물체의 컬러 정보는 380nm-780nm의 가시광선 영역에 걸쳐 분포하는 분광 특성에 의해 결정지어지며, Red, Green, Blue의 특정 세 채널의 정보만 이용하여 영상을 렌더링 하는 경우, 다른 분광 정보에 포함된 특성에 의해 나타날 수 있는 조명 정보의 변화에 따른 영상의 컬러 변화를 인지할 수 없는 경우가 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 R, G, B 삼색 정보를 이용한 영상 렌더링과 분광 정보를 이용한 렌더링 방법에 대해 설명하며, R,G,B 삼색 정보를 이용하여 표현할 수 없는 Metamerism 효과를 분광 정보를 이용하여 표현하는 방법을 설명한다.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2002.08a
• /
• pp.999-1004
• /
• 2002

This paper presents the color displays using more than three primary colors, for the reproduction of wider color gamut, and high-fidelity color reproduction. First, Natural Vision system, which is currently under development for the natural color reproduction in visual telecommunication applications, is introduced, The natural vision is based on spectrum instead of trichromatic color space, and enables high-fidelity color reproduction using multispectral and multiprimary technologies. Then, sixprimary color projection displays using LCD and DLP, and a four-primary color flat panel display are shown. It is experimentally demonstrated that the color gamut becomes much larger than conventional RGB-based display. In addition, it is proved that the spectral color reproduction using multiprimary display suppresses the influence of observer metamerism, and as a result, the color matching between the display and the real object is well improved.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.33 no.4 s.132
• /
• pp.23-29
• /
• 2005

The fancy veneer flooring board is high value-added wooden material. The classification of the flooring boards by the observation with the naked eye causes color difference among fancy veneers. It turned out that this inaccuracy of color difference among fancy veneers increased in case of the identification by metamerism or the flooring construction. Therefore, this study was performed to classify fancy veneers produced from 3 species such as Tilia sp., Betula sp., and Acer sp. which were identified with the naked eye by Light and Dark grade, by using CIELAB. In addition, each specie's threshold on CIERGB was investigated and a range of hue, saturation and intensity by an application of HSI color model were studied. Intensity of the HIS color model could be the best value to be used when color, saturation and intensity of the HSI color model were used for the classification of the flooring board's color. In addition, it seemed that color range of all three criteria lied between $45^{\circ}$ and $55^{\circ}$. In the case of identification by threshold of RGB element, considering only specific color element value is unlikely to lead to accurate classification of fancy veneers of flooring board.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.23-36
• /
• 2009

The goal of esthetic restoration is to achieve morphologic, optical, and biologic acceptance. Creation of a natural looking ceramic restoration, which blends harmoniously with surrounding dentition, is not always achieved. A successful color match is an important aspect of any esthetic dental restoration. Since natural enamel has inherent translucency, it is important that ceramic restorations reproduce the translucency and color of the natural teeth. However, the final color match of porcelain crowns to adjacent natural dentition remains some problem. Difficulties related to color matching arise from the structural differences that exist between metal ceramic crowns and natural teeth, the limited range of available ceramic shades, inadequate shade guides, different types of metal alloys, repeated firing, the condensation technique, and varying compositions of ceramic materials. Many factors contribute to the esthetic success of dental restoration: optical properties such as color and its elements of hue, value, and chroma; translucency and opacity; light transmission and scattering; and metamerism and fluorescence. The purpose of this study was to determine the color changes of metal-ceramic system with different veneering porcelain powder after repeated firing. The objectives of this in vitro study were to measure the lightness($L^*$), chromaticity($a^*$), chromaticity($b^*$), chroma($C^*$), hue(h), reflectance(%), color difference(${\Delta}E$). The following conclusions were obtained: 1. An increase in the number of firings resulted in decrease in lightness($L^*$) but increase in chromacticity($a^*$) with all porcelain. After the second sintering resulted in decrease in chromacticity($b^*$) with opaque-dentin porcelain and dentin porcelain but in increase with enamel porcelain and translucency porcelain. And after the second sintering resulted in decrease in chroma($C^*$) with opaque-dentin porcelain and dentin porcelain, but on the whole side in decrease with enamel porcelain and translucency porcelain. 2. After the second firing, a increase in the number of firings resulted in decrease reflectance(%) in all wavelength. 3. There were noticeable color differences(${\Delta}E$) between first sintering and multiple firings(dentin porcelain: 5.29~8.15, opaque-dentin porcelain: 4.83~8.2, enamel porcelain: 8.93~13.15, translucency porcelain: 9.37~12.91), but the color difference(${\Delta}E$) after second sintering were down to 4.87 in all porcelain. 4. Given the NBS Criteria, a 'trace' was not found this study but a 'slight' was found 2-3, 3-5 in dentin porcelain, 2-3 in opaque-dentin porcelain, 3-5, 5-10 in enamel porcelain and translucency porcelain, a 'noticeable' was 2-5, 3-10, 5-10 in dentin porcelain and opaque-dentin porcelain, 2-3, 2-5, 3-10 in enamel porcelain 2-3, 3-10 in translucency porcelain, an 'appreciable' was 1-2, 1-3, 2-10 in dentin porcelain 1-2, 1-3, 2-10, 3-10 in opaque-dentin porcelain, 2-10 in enamel porcelain, 2-5, 2-10 in translucency porcelain, a 'much' was 1-5, 1-10 in dentin porcelain and opaque-dentin porcelain, 1-2, 1-3, 1-5 in enamel porcelain 1-2, 1-3, 1-5, 1-10 in translucency porcelain, a 'very much' was 1-10 in enamel porcelain.