• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.168-178
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• 2015

This article analysis the aesthetics of metal-body of (1989) and its metamorphosis of dehumanization through visual desires expressed by body images. This paper suggests theoretical analysis based on aesthetic views to understand the underlying meanings. The research categorizes three types of images; surreal image, grotesque image and eros image from the metamorphosis of dehumanization and transformation throughout the film. As the surreal image, the metamorphic process of transformation, demolition, derangement, illusion, and human desire continues to reflect the evil side of a human in everyday life. It also visualizes the images of exaggeration through weakness and bizarre side of metal-body. The grotesque image of body metamorphosis displays and symbolizes double-sides of bizarre and weak side of human in the everyday environment when malformation reaches its peak when Tetsuo finally shows his transforming figure. Finally, the eros image is analogized as a man's inner self and self-destruction in surreal world and a grotesque figure when overwhelming desire of transforming into rebirth of a perfect metal-body, Tetsuo. The surreal image, grotesque image, and eros image portraits human desires inner and outer-self into visualized image and that represents the means of excessive desire for dreaming of world domination with merging non-organic medium of metal and organic body to create a perfect body-image.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.249-256
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• 2017

Premixed combustion has many advantages, including low CO and NOx emissions and a small combustor volume. These characteristics allow a compact design and wide application to condensing boilers with high thermal efficiencies. This study focused on the combustion characteristics in a premixed combustion burner using metal fiber and a throttle body. The results showed that a blue flame was found to be very stable at a heating load of 6,250-25,000 kcal/h when implementing the proper metal fiber, baffle plate, and throttle body. The NOx emission was less than 11 ppm under an equivalence ratio of 0.724-0.795, and the CO emission was less than 50 ppm under the same equivalence ratio. The thermal efficiency, which is a very important index when condensing a gas boiler, was observed to be above 96.3％ under an equivalence ratio of 0.750.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.266-274
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• 2019

Metal sealing is used to connecting the parts between valves and fuel pipes for a FCEV which utilizes hydrogen gas of 700 bar. Instead of general carbon steel, stainless steel is the primary material used to manufacture fuel pipes due to hydrogen embrittlement. The shape of deformation between metals is an important factor on the air-tightness of the metal to metal contact. Since the stainless steel pipe is hardened using the plastic forming during the tip shaping stage, this work hardening could have an effect on the deformed shape and characteristics of contact surfaces in fastening of pipes. In this paper, the deformation history of the pipe model was considered in order to analyze the hydrogen-tightness on the metal sealing part. The contact distance and the forward displacement for fastening were compared using experimental results and the simulation results. The simulation of the effect of material change on the fitting body demonstrated that the hardness or the strength of the formed tip of the pipe was designed to a proper valued level since the characteristics of the contact surface was exhibited better when the strength of the pipe was lower than that of the fitting body.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.25-27
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• 2012

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.25-34
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• 2001

Heavy metal level and distribution in sediment and bivalves from the tidal flats along the mid-western coast, Korea. were investigated in this study. The averages of heavy metal concentrations in sediments from 5 sampling sites ranged from 86.35-187.77mg/kg for Mn. 13.25-17.73mg/kg for Zn.6.80-11.85mg/kg for Cr,4.28-6.25mg/kg for Ni, 1.85-3.09mg/kg for Cu, 0.004-0.02()mg/kg for Cd and 5.70-10.41 mg/kg for Pb, respectively. From the results of heavy metal concentrations in mussels, the levels of Mn and Fe concentrations in S. strictus collected from S1 antral S2 sites were particularly high. Deviations of heavy metal concentrations am(Ing the individual mussels from the same site could be largely minimized by selecting mussel samples of the limited range in body size(8.5-11cm). Among the mussels of the limited body size, heavy metal concentrations both in the flesh and in the whole soft part were not strongly related to the body size. It was shown that ,in S. strictus, Cu moves fast into the flesh parts after absorption, while Pb and Fe move fast into the non-flesh parts. Overally. the heavy metal concentration in the tends to increase with that in the whole soft parts. The concentration factors(heavy metal concentration in 5. strictus/heavy metal concentration in sediment) showed that, of the examined meta1s. Cd is the most cumulative in the body of S. strictus followed by Zn and Cu, while Mn, Cr. Ni and Pb are not cumulative.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.349-354
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• 2012

To evaluate the biological response of sea squirt Halocynthia roretzi with different body size to heavy metals and its suitability for ecotoxicity assays, the effects of Cr, Cu and Zn on its clearance and oxygen consumption rates were investigated. Clearance and oxygen consumption rates of H. roretzi with various body sizes were calculated at different metal concentrations. Both clearance and oxygen consumption rate were negatively correlated with body sizes. Clearance rate of H. roretzi decreased gradually with increasing concentration of heavy metal, the decreasing rate was in an order of Cr>Cu>Zn. The oxygen consumption rate first increased at low metal concentration (below $100{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$) and then decreased rapidly with increasing metal concentrations. The decreasing rate was in an order of Cu>Cr=Zn. There was a trend that the clearance rate and oxygen consumption rate decreased drastically under a concentration of $400{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$, and then decreased smoothly when the metal ion concentration increased continually. So the oxygen consumption and clearance rate at a concentration of $400{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ Cu could be thought as a suitable biological tool for exotoxicology analysis.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.191-200
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• 2004

Zinc (Zn) is an essential element in biological process, however inadequate Zn status in general population have been recognized. To update the knowledge for Zn-cadmium (Cd) interaction, we studied the intestinal uptake and transport, and the expression of metal transporter proteins (divalent metal transporter 1, DMT1 ; metal transporter protein 1, MTP1 ; zinc transporter 1, ZnTl ; metallothionein 1 , MT1) in duodenum after Cd exposure using Zn deficient animal model. Rats were led Zn deficient (ZnD, 0.5-1.0 mgZn/kg) or Zn supplemented (ZnS, 50mg Zn/kg) diet for 4 weeks, and followed single administration of $^{109}$ CdCl$_2$orally. The body Zn flatus and tissue Cd concentration were determined at 24 hrs after Cd administration. Total body burden of Cd and Cd absorption index (AI, %) were estimated based on the tissue Cd analyzed. DMT1, MTP1, ZnTl and MT1 mRNA were analyzed by using RT-PCR method. Feeding of Zn deficient diet for 4 weeks produced a reduced body weight gain and a depletion of body Zn. Tissue Cd concentration, body burden of Cd and Cd absorption index were higher in the ZnD diet fed rats than the ZnS diet red rats. Especially, Cd concentration in the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) and the colon of FeD diet fed rats were higher markedly than in the FeS diet group. The expression levels of DMT1, MTP1 and ZnT1 mRNA in FeD diet fed rats were similar to the FeS diet. The level of MT1 mRNA expression was significantly lower in the FeD than the FeS diet fed rats. Taken together, theses results indicate that Zn deficiency in diet induce an increased intestinal absorption and tissue retention of Cd, and down -regulate the MT1 expression in the intestine which might be play a part of role in Cd absorption and transport in mammalian. These findings suggest that deficiency of essential metal could be enhanced the toxicity of toxic, non-esstial metals through the metal-metal interaction.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.108-111
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• 2017

A 4-year-old, weighing 7.6 kg, castrated male, Pug presented with ingestion of gastric cavity foreign body. Physical examination revealed panting, retching and hyper-salivation. Blood chemistry and complete blood cell count were normal, but hypophosphatemia was observed. An abdominal radiograph revealed the foreign body (FB), round shape and 2 cm length, at the pyloric region of stomach. A thoracic radiograph revealed an incidental metal FB, 3.5 cm length, at the cranial portion of the diaphragm. An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed to remove the FB in the stomach and then a peach-pit was removed. However the metal FB was not found in the esophagus therefore a lateral thoracotomy was performed. A right lateral thoracotomy through the $7^{th}$ intercostal space was accomplished to expose the right caudal lung lobe. After open the thoracic cavity, foreign body was not observed by gross evaluation and caudal lung lobe was attached to the diaphragm. The FB was identified inside the lung lobe and surrounded by granulation tissue. The metal FB (sewing needle) was removed with blunt dissection and incised lung lobe was sutured using absorbable suture material PDS 4-0 with interrupted suture. A thoracotomy tube was inserted into the thoracic cavity during surgery. Patient's respiration became stable after surgery. A chest tube was removed 3 days after surgery. No complications were noted and the dog was discharged 4 days after surgery. In small animal, foreign body ingestion is a common reason for emergency. After ingestion of the FB, perforation through the esophagus and migration to inside the lung lobe is not common in small animals. In this case, thoracic metal FB was identified incidentally and removal of a thoracic FB with thoracotomy was performed successfully.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.20-22
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• 2002

Heavy metal level and distribution in sediments and bivalves from the tidal flats along the mid-western coast, Korea, were investigated. The averages of heavy metal concentrations in sediments from 5 sampling sites ranged from 86.35-187.77mg/kg for Mn, 13.25-17.73mg/kg for Zn, 6.80-11.85mg/kg for Cr, 4.28-6.25mg/kg for Ni, 1.85-3.09mg/kg for Cu, 0.004-0.020mg/kg for Cd and 5.70-10.41mg/kg for Pb, respectively. Among the mussels of the limited body size(8.5-11cm), heavy metal concentration both in the flesh and in the whole soft parts were not strongly related to the body size. It was shown that, in S. strictus, Cu moves fast into the flesh after absorption, but Pb and Fe move very slowly. Overally, the heavy metal concentration in the flesh tends to increase with that in the whole soft parts. The concentration factors(heavy metal concentration in S. strictus/heavy metal concentration in sediment) showed that, of the examined metals, Cd is the most cumulative in the body of S. strictus, followed by Zn and Cu, while Mn, Cr, Ni and Pb are not cumulative.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.668-672
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• 2009

Heavy metal ion immobilization properties of microporous ettringite (3Ca$O{\cdot}Al_2O_3{\cdot}3CaSO_4{\cdot}32H_2$) body were examined using standard solutions of typical heavy metals. Microporous Ettringite body with desirable shape for an ionic adsorbent was obtained by the self hardening of the paste prepared from the mixture of tricalcium aluminate($C_3$A) and gypsum(CaS$O_4{\cdot}2H_2$O). Crushed grains of ettringite were soaked in each standard solutions of Pb, Co, Cd, Mn and Cr concentrated at 200 ppm. In order to evaluate the ionexchange and immobilization ability, the ionic concentration of the filtrate solution as well as the solution obtained after leaching test was measured. As a result, for the heavy metal ions excepting Cr, porous ettringite body was revealed to be excellent in ionic exchange and immobilization properties though some ions eluted at the severe condition of pH 2. The adsorption and keeping capacity for four heavy metals showed the order of $Pb{>}Co{>}Cd{>}$Mn.