• 제목/요약/키워드: Metal mining

검색결과 242건 처리시간 0.021초

황강리 광화대에 분포하는 일부 폐금속 광산수계의 수리지구화학적 특성 : 예비연구 (Hydrogeochemistry of Some Abandoned Metal Mine Creeks in the Hwanggangri Mining District, Korea : A Preliminary Study)

  • 이현구;이찬희;이종창
    • 대한지하수환경학회지
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    • 제6권4호
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    • pp.194-205
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    • 1999
  • 1998년 2월에 황강리 광화대의 일부 폐금속광산(상곡,금실,장풍 및 삼덕)수계에서 채취한 지표수를 대상으로 수리지구화학적 특성과 환경동위원소의 거동을 고찰하였다. 연구지역에 분포하는 일반적인 지표수는 $Ca^{2+}$. 알카리 원소 N $O_3$$^{-}$ 및 C $l^{-}$이 풍부하나. 광산부근의 지표수로 가면서 상대적으로 $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$. 중금속 원소 HC $O_3$$^{-}$ 및 S $O_4$$^{2-}$ 가 부화되어 있다. 또한 광산수계의 지표수에서 pH는 낮고 EC와 TDS는 아주 높다. 이 지표수들의 $\delta$D와 $\delta$$^{18}$ O(SMOW) 값은 각각 -65.0~-71.2$\textperthousand$ 및 -9.1~-10.2$\textperthousand$의 범위를 보이며. d($\delta$D-$\delta$$^{18}$ O) 값은 7.3~10.9 이다. 이 $\delta$D와 $\delta$$^{18}$ O 비는 비광산 지역의 지표수에서 광산지역의 물로 갈수륵 무거운 값을 갖는다. 이 동위원소외 조성과 TDS, HC $O_3$$^{-}$ , S $O_4$$^{2-}$$Ca^{2+}$의 함량온 양의 상관도를 보여준다. WATEQ4F를 이용하여 포화지수를 계산해 볼 때, 광산부근의 지표수에서 사장석. 방해석. 돌로마이트 및 점토광물들은 대부분 용해성 조건을 가지나, 하류로 가면서 비광산 지역의 지표수가 유입됨에 따라 점진적으로 평형상태로 변한다. 그러나 비광산 지역의 지표수에서는 거의 모든 광물종이 포화상태 또는 침전조건을 나타낸다. 지구화학적 모델링을 통하여 규명된 잠제적 독성원소들은 광산수계에서 황산염(MS $O_4$$^{2-}$ ) 또는 단독 양이온( $M^{2+}$)으로 존재하나, 비광산 수계에서는 탄산염(C $O_3$$^{-}$) 또는 수산화물(O $H^{-}$) 형태의 복합 음이온으로 존재하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 한편 조선누층군의 석회암질암이 모암을 이루는 상곡 및 금실광산 부근의 물이 옥천누층군에 속하는 변성퇴적암과 쥬라기의 화강암류가 분포하는 장풍 및 삼덕광산 수계의 물보다 pH가 높고 $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$ 및 HC $O_3$$^{-}$의 함량이 많으며 $\delta$D와 $\delta$$^{18}$ O의 조성 또한 무거운 특징이 있다. 그러나 이들은 광산폐수에의 오염에 의하여 거의 동일한 수리지구화학적 진화경향을 보인다.

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Hybrid Type II fuzzy system & data mining approach for surface finish

  • Tseng, Tzu-Liang (Bill);Jiang, Fuhua;Kwon, Yongjin (James)
    • Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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    • 제2권3호
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    • pp.137-147
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    • 2015
  • In this study, a new methodology in predicting a system output has been investigated by applying a data mining technique and a hybrid type II fuzzy system in CNC turning operations. The purpose was to generate a supplemental control function under the dynamic machining environment, where unforeseeable changes may occur frequently. Two different types of membership functions were developed for the fuzzy logic systems and also by combining the two types, a hybrid system was generated. Genetic algorithm was used for fuzzy adaptation in the control system. Fuzzy rules are automatically modified in the process of genetic algorithm training. The computational results showed that the hybrid system with a genetic adaptation generated a far better accuracy. The hybrid fuzzy system with genetic algorithm training demonstrated more effective prediction capability and a strong potential for the implementation into existing control functions.

광산매립지에서 중금속(As)의 용출 특성에 관한 실험적 연구 (Experimental Studies on Dissolution Characteristics of a Heavy Metal(As) in Mining Waste)

  • 한춘;서명조;윤도영;최상일;이화영;김성규;오종기
    • 한국토양환경학회지
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    • 제3권1호
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    • pp.55-63
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    • 1998
  • 본 연구에서는 광산 인근 토양에서 산성비를 비롯한 침출수에 의한 지하 환경 오염 메카니즘을 검토하고, 오염 방지 및 교정과 대안의 효과를 정량화 하기 위한 방안을 고찰하였다. 이를 위하여 중금속인 비소의 오염도가 높은 토양을 대상으로 인위적 산성용액에 의한 비소의 용출을 실험적으로 검토하였다. 한편, 산성 침출오염수에 의한 지하 환경의 오염을 방지하기 위하여 석회석을 활용한 토양의 안정화방법의 효과를 살펴 보았다. 오염된 시료토양에 포함된 비소는 pH 1이하의 강산성 용액일수록 격렬히 용출되었으며, pH 값이 낮아질 수록 최대 용출량은 증가되는 것으로 나타났다. 석회석에 의한 토양 안정화방안은 매우 효과적이었으며, 석회석에 의한 산성용액의 중화반응 특성식은 미반응 핵 모델중에서 화학반응이 속도지배인 특성식에 잘 부합되는 것으로 보여진다.

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폐광산 주변 토양 및 하천의 중금속 함량 (Heavy Metal Concentrations in Soils and Stream around the Abandoned Mine Land)

  • 전관수;이철희;원양수;정진욱;박병삼;신덕구
    • 한국환경과학회지
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    • 제8권2호
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    • pp.197-204
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    • 1999
  • The extent of heavy metal pollution in agricultural in soils near the abandoned mine land site was investigated using their concentrations from the 47 sampling sites in B mine. Samples were prepared using 0.1N HCI - Korean Standard Methods - and then analysed for Cd, Cu, Pb, As and Cr by Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometer. In addition, soil and mine tailing samples were sequentially extracted to investigate the chemical speciation of heavy metals in them. The soils in the vicinity of mining area are highly contaminated by heavy metals ranging up to 5.96mg Cd/kg, 253.3mg Cu/kg, 76.7mg Pb/kg, and 15.45 mg As/kg, according to the analysis of Korean Standard Methods. The heavy metal levels by the sequential extraction are much higher than its level by Korean Standard Methods, and little correlated with each other. Based on the results, it is suggested that the As pollution in agricultural soils near the AMLS should be dealt as of prior significance in establishing reclamation strategies for the area.

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광산배수 수용하천의 중금속이온 평형에 관한 연구 (A Study of Heavy Metal Equilibria in Acid Mine Drainage Receiving Stream)

  • 김진범;전상호;김휘중
    • 자원환경지질
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    • 제29권6호
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    • pp.733-738
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    • 1996
  • Heavy metal equilibria in the Dongnam stream which receives the wastewater from mining activities are investigated to provide some basic data for the management of small stream with acid mine drainage. Saturation, undersaturation, and supersaturation of some heavy metal ions with respect to some mineral phases are evaluated by saturation index (logIAP/Ksp). The $Al^{3+}$ activities showed equilibrium with $AIOHSO_4$ solid phase below a pH of 6.0. The $Fe^{3+}$ activities appeared to be controlled by Fe $(OH)_{3(amorphous)}$ solid phase below a pH of 4.0. $Zn^{2+}$ activities appeared to be regulated by $ZnCO_3$ solid phase above a pH of 6.8. Some heavy metal activities appeared to be depended upon the pH.

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Management Strategies for Heavy Metals to Secure the Crop Safety in Korea

  • Yang, J.E.;Kim, W.I.;Ok, Y.S.;Lee, J.S.
    • 한국환경농학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국환경농학회 2009년도 정기총회 및 국제심포지엄
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    • pp.93-115
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    • 2009
  • There are growing public concerns over crop and food safeties due to the elevated levels of heavy metals grown in contaminated soil. Heavy metals are classified as the chemical harmful risks for crop and food safety. With implementation of GAP, crop safety is controlled by many regulatory options for soil, irrigation water and fertilizers. Any attempt to retard the metal uptake by crops may be the best protocol to secure crop and food safety. This article reviews the management strategies for heavy metals in view of crop safety in Korea and demonstrates results from the field experiments to retard metal translocation from soil to crops by using chemical amendments and soil layer management methods. Major source of soil pollution by heavy metals has been related with mining activities. Risk assessment revealed that rice consumption and groundwater ingestion in the abandoned mining areas were the major exposure pathways for metals to human and the heavy metal showed the toxic effects on human health. Chemical amendments such as lime and slag retarded Cd uptake by rice (Oryza sativa L.) by increasing soil pH, lowering the phytoavailable Cd concentration in soil solution, immobilizing Cd in soil and converting the available Cd fractions into non-available fractions. The soil layer management methods decreased the Cd uptake by 76% and Pb by 60%. Either reversing the surface layer with subsurface layer or immobilization of metals with layer mixing with lime was considered to be the practical option for the in-situ remediation of the contaminated paddy soils. Combination of chemical soil amendments and layer management methods was efficient to retard the metal bioavailability and thus to secure crop safety for heavy metals. This protocol seems to be cheap, relatively easy to practice and practical in the agricultural fields. However, a long term monitoring work should be followed to verify the efficiency of this protocol.

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이동로봇을 이용한 자원탐사 축소모형 실험 시스템 구축 응용 (Mobile Robot Based Down-Scaled Mineral Resources Exploration Test System)

  • 유선철;정현기;윤중선;표주현;조성호;오동문;강동중
    • 지구물리와물리탐사
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    • 제12권4호
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    • pp.355-360
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    • 2009
  • USN (Ubiquitous Sensor Network, 유비쿼터스 무선네트워크) 융합기술을 기반으로 하는 자원탐사 축소모형 시스템을 구축하였다. 실제 환경의 재현을 위해, 비금속 모형판 아래 금속판을 설치하고, 모형판 위에서 이동로봇에 설치된 고정밀 3축 자기센서를 이용하여 실제 자장값을 계측한다. 측정된 자장값은 무선네트워크를 이용하여 이동로봇이 중앙 컴퓨터로 전송한다. 이러한 하드웨어 기반의 테스트 시스템은 현장 상황을 물리적으로 유사하게 재현함으로써, 시뮬레이션의 신뢰도가 높고, USN기반 자원탐사시스템 설계지침을 다각도로 검토할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 금속물체 탐지시스템을 재현하기 위해, 평판 위에서 이동로봇을 사용하여, 평판 아래에 설치된 금속판의 위치를 탐지하는 실험을 성공적으로 실시하였다.

공주제일광산 수계에 분포하는 지하수, 지표수, 토양 및 퇴적물의 환경지구화학적 특성과 중금속 오염 (Environmental Geochemistry and Heavy Matel Contamination of Ground and Surface Water, Soil and Sediment at the Kongjujuil Mine Creek, Korea)

  • 이찬희
    • 자원환경지질
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    • 제32권6호
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    • pp.611-631
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    • 1999
  • Enviromental geochemisty and heary metal contamination at the Kongjueil mine creek were underaken on the basis of physicohemical properties and mineralogy for various kinds of water (surface, mine and ground water),soil, precipitate and sediment collected of April and December in 1998. Hydrgeochemical composition of the water samples are characterized by relatively significant enricant of Ca+Na, alkiali ions $NO_3$ and Cl inground and surfore water, wheras the mine waters are relatively eneripheral water of the mining creek have the characteristics of the (Ca+Mg)-$(HCO_3+SO_4)$type. The pH of the mine water is high acidity (3.24)and high EC (613$\mu$S/cm)compared with those of surface and ground water. The range of $\delta$D and $\delta^{18}O$ values (relative to SMOW) in the waters are shpwn in -50.2 to -61.6% and -7.0 to -8.6$\textperthousand$(d value=5.8 to 8.7). Using computer program, saturation index of albite, calcite, dolomite in mine water are nearly saturated. The gibbiste, kaolinite and smectite are superaturated in the surface and ground water, respectively. Calculated water-mineral reaction and stabilities suggest that weathing of silicate minerals may be stable kaolinite owing to the continuous water-rock reaction. Geochemical modeling showed that mostly toxic heavy metals may exist larfely in the from of metal-sulfate $(MSO_4\;^2)$and free metal $(M^{2+})$ in nmine water. These metals in the ground and surface water could be formed of $CO_3$ and OH complex ions. The average enrichment indices of water samples are 2.72 of the groundwater, 2.26 of the surface water and 14.15 of the acid mine water, normalizing by surface water composition at the non-mining creek, repectively. Characteristics of some major, minor and rate earth elements (Al/Na, K/Na, V/Ni, Cr/V, Ni/Co, La/Ce, Th/Yb, $La_N/Yb_N$, Co/Th, La/Sc and Sc/Th) in soil and sediment are revealed a narrow range and homogeneous compositions may be explained by acidic to intermediate igneous rocks. And these suggested that sediment source of host granitic gneiss colud be due to rocks of high grade metamorphism originated by sedimentary rocks. Maximum concentrations of environmentally toxic elements in sediment and soil are Fe=53.80 wt.% As=660, Cd=4, Cr=175, Cu=158, Mn=1010, Pb=2933, Sb=4 and Zn=3740 ppm, and extremely high concentrations are found are found in the subsurface soil near the ore dump and precipitates. Normalizing by composition of host granitic gneiss, the average enerichment indices are 3.72 of the sediments, 3.48 of the soils, 10.40 of the precipitates of acid mine drainage and 6.25 of the soils near the main adit. The level of enerichment was very severe in mining drainage sediments, while it was not so great in the soils. mineral composition of soil and sediment near the mining area were partly variable being composed of quartz, mica, feldspar, chlorite, vermiculite, bethierin and clay minerals. reddish variable being composed of quartz, mica, feldspar, chlorite, vermiculite, bethierin and clay minerals. Reddish brown precipitation mineral in the acid mine drainage identifies by schwertmanite. From the separated mineralgy, soil and sediment are composed of some pyrite, arsenopyite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, malachite, goethite and various kinds of hydroxied minerals.

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폐금속광산 하부 농경지 토양의 중금속오염과 그 복구방법으로서 반전객토의 효율성 (Pollution of Heavy Metals in Paddy Soils Around the Downstream Area of Abandoned Metal Mine and Efficiency of Reversed Soil Method as Its Remediation)

  • 나춘기;이무성;정재일
    • 자원환경지질
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    • 제30권2호
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    • pp.123-135
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    • 1997
  • In order to investigate the dispersion patterns and contamination level of heavy metals in the soil-ecosystem and to evaluate the efficiency of soil remediation by reversed soil method, soils and plants were collected from the Dongjin Au-Ag-Cu mine area and analysed for heavy metals. The dispersion patterns of heavy metals in soils and plants show that heavy metal pollutions caused by waste rump around Dongjin mine are mainly found in the vicinity of the waste rump and in the southward slanting of mine. Toxic metallic pollutants from the mine influence heavy metal contents in paddy soils in downstream area, and may be a potential sources of heavy metal pollution on crop plants. Soil samples collected from the remediated rice farming field by reversed method show similar levels of heavy metal content to those from the polluted rice farming field, but topsoil enrichment of heavy metals are not found. Heavy metal contents of the rice plants collected from remediated rice farming field are significantly lower than those from polluted rice farming field, and it suggests that the reversed soil method is effective for the reduction of bioavailability of heavy metals.

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Phytochelatin synthase 발현을 통한 효모의 중금속 처리에 관한 연구 (Bioremediation of metal contamination groundwater by engineered yeasts expressing phytochelatin synthase)

  • 강소영;이원규;김재영;;김경웅
    • 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국지하수토양환경학회 2004년도 임시총회 및 추계학술발표회
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    • pp.290-292
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    • 2004
  • Heavy metal contamination has been increased in aqueous environments near many industrial facilities, such as metal plating facilities, mining operations, and tanneries. The soils in the vicinity of many military bases are also reported to be contaminated and pose a risk of groundwater and surface water contamination with heavy metals. The biological removal of metals through bioaccumulation has distinct advantages over conventional methods; the process rarely produces undesirable or deleterious chemical byproducts, it is highly efficient, easy to operate and cost-effective in the treatment of large volumes of wastewater containing toxic heavy metals. In addition, a recent development of molecular biology shed light on the enhancing the microorganism's natural remediation capability as well as improving the current biological treatment. In this study, characteristics of the cell growth and heavy metal accumulation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains expressing phytochelatin syntahse (PCS) gene were studied in batch cultures. The AtCRFI gene was demonstrated to confer substantial increases in metal tolerance in yeast. PCS-expressing cells tolerated more Cd$^{2+}$ than controls.

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