• 농업과학연구
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.869-883
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• 2019

China is currently facing great challenges in protecting its arable soil from contamination by heavy metals, especially Cd in paddy soil. China enacted the first soil environmental quality standards (SEQS) for ten pollutants in 1995, and the Ministry of Ecology and Environment released the results of the first nationwide soil survey in 2014. The soil survey showed that as much as 16% of China's soil and 19% of the agricultural soils were contaminated mainly with heavy metals and metalloids beyond the environmental quality limits. The exceeded rate of the contaminant limits in food crops was widespread in China, and the most severe regions were East and Southwest China. Heavy metals and metalloids accounted for 82.4% of the contaminants in soils while organic pollutants accounted for 17% of the contaminants in the soil. Among the heavy metals and metalloids exceeding the Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP) limit, cadmium (Cd) was highest at 7.0%, followed by nickel (4.8%), arsenic (2.7%), cobalt (2.1%), mercury (1.6%) and lead (1.5%). However, all the average concentrations of the pollutants were lower than the recommended values for the contaminants except for Cd for three levels of pH (< 6.5, 6.5 - 7.5, and > 7.5). According to the Action Plan on Prevention and Control of Soil Pollution released by the State Council in 2016, 90% of contaminated farmland will be made safe by 2020 with an increase to 95% by 2030. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the soil quality to meet the environmental quality standard for soils and heavy metal standards for food safety.

• 대한지하수환경학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.141-147
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• 1998

본 연구는 괴산군 덕평리 지역의 지하수 수질과, 본 지역에 분포하는 혹색 셰일층과 탄층에 기인한 토양과 암석의 중금속 부화현상이 이 지역 지하수의 수질오염에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 수행되었다. 본 지역의 지하수질은 지하수환경에서 일어나는 지질매체의 반응이 주로 규산염광물의 풍화인 경우와 탄산염광물의 풍화인 경우로 크게 구분된다. 규산염광물의 풍화가 주된 반응인 시료들은 음이온의 주성분이 SO$_4$$^{2－}$ 인 시료들과 Cl$^{-}$ 인 시료들로 세분가능하며, 이러한 수질특성은 지하수와 접하는 암석의 풍화특성에 관계되는 것으로 사료된다. 암석과 토양내 부화된 중금속에 의한 천부 지하수의 오염현상은 국내외의 먹는 물 수질기준에 비교하였을 때 발견되지 않았으나, 국지적으로는 산성폐수의 생성과 지하수환경으로의 유입이 발견되었다. 또한 질산성-질소에 의하여 수질기준의 2~3배에 달하는 오염이 밝혀졌으며, 오염원은 생활하수 내지 비료성분의 지하수내 유입으로 사료된다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.305-313
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• 1996

In order to investigate the extent and degree of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn contamination affected by mining activities of the Dalsung Cu~W mine, sampling of stream sediments and waters has been undertaken up to 1.5 km downstream from the mine at 50~150 meter intervals. Analysis of the samples was carried out using ICP-AES for Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn. Physical and chemical properties of sediments (pH, organic matter contents, cation exchange capacity) and waters (pH, Eh and temperature) were also measured. The properties of the sediment samples were characterized by low pH (3.0~5.5), low organic matter contents (2~5%) and a moderate degree of cation exchange capacity (7~15 meq/100 g) with a high proportion of sand fraction. The pH values of water samples ranged from 3.0 to 5.0 and the Eh levels were in the range of 350~530 mV. Concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in the sediments averaged 3.2 mg/kg, 1,390 mg/kg, 451 mg/kg and 262 mg/kg with the range of 0.6~11.4 mg/kg, 15~3,800 mg/kg, 14~1,330 mg/kg and 63~1,060 mg/kg, respectively. Significant levels of the heavy metals were also found in the water samples with the range of $10{\sim}170{\mu}gCd/l$, $300{\sim}41,600{\mu}gCu/l$, $10{\sim}80{\mu}gPb/l$ and $700{\sim}15,400{\mu}gZn/l$. These elevated concentrations in the sediments and waters may be caused by the weathering of mine waste materials and their high solubilities under acidic and/or oxidizing conditions. Although metal concentrations in the samples decrease with the distance from the mine, heavy metal contamination of sediments and waters were also found at the 1.5 km downstream due to the mobile conditions of the heavy metals, with particular reference to Cd and Zn in stream waters.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.1647-1654
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• 2008

The characteristics of arsenic(As) contamination were investigated on soils of 3 abandoned metal mine sites in Gangwon-do, Korea. Total forty nine soils were sampled to conduct standard methods(extraction by 1HCl), sequential extraction and column leaching test. Concentration of As extracted by 1N HCl was ordered as follows: A mine > B mine > C mine, and the concentration of arsenic in the soils of A mine was significantly greater than that at any other cases and all samples of A mine were exceeded the national regulation of $6mg \;kg^{-1}$. In the results of sequential extraction, the potential contamination risk for groundwater and plants was ordered as follows: C mine > B mine > A mine because the C mine showed the relatively greater mobility and bioavailability of fraction than any other mines. And, in colume test, concentration of As was ordered as follows: C mine > B mine > A mine, and it was expected that these results were connected with fraction characteristics of the mine sites. Therefore adequate leaching investigations should be used to simulate the effect of natural leaching conditions, and to predict both the potential mobility of metals to groundwater and their bioavailability to plants under natural conditions.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제59권6호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2017

In this study, the concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in agricultural soils across a region of South Korea (Buyeo County) were investigated. Their pollution sources were assessed using multivariate statistical analysis, and Geographic Information System (GIS) technology was used to determine the distribution of these elements. Surface soil samples were collected from 114 locations across the agricultural fields in the study site. Cu and Zn were derived from natural sources (i.e., parent rocks of the soil), whereas As, Cd, and Pb were found to be originated from abandoned mines. The results of this study clearly show that the transport of anthropogenic As, Cd, and Pb is governed mostly by the specific environment of the paddy soil. Our approach was effective in clearly identifying the sources of metals and analyzing their contamination characteristics. We believe this study will provide useful information to future studies on soil pollution by anthropogenic sources.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.30-39
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• 2018

Soil contamination survey was conducted during March - July, 2017 to obtain soil contamination profile of 16 organic and inorganic contaminants in Hanam industrial complex located in Gwangju, Korea. The concentrations of all surveyed contaminants except Cd showed were within 0.3~1.5 times of their natural background levels. Cd showed concentrations as high as 6.9 times of the background level, signifying the influence of the metal processing facilities in the complex. The concentrations of Zn, Pb and Hg in areas nearby industrial facilities were 1.3~5.5 times higher than those within the facility and green area. The concentration of Cu in the green area was 1.4~2.9 times higher than in other areas. The Soil Pollution Index (SPI) analysis revealed 54% of the total area belong to first-grade soil, 43% to second-grade, and 3% to third-grade. The Enrichment Factor (EF) of Zn, Pb, and Cd were 9.2, 15.6, and 88.5, respectively, indicating high accumulation and contamination of the soil with Cd.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.203-209
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• 2019

현재 많은 국내 산업단지들은 여러 가지 중금속오염에 노출되어있다. 이러한 오염은 토양과 지하수에 심각한 오염을 초래할 수 있다. 산업단지의 하부지반을 제올라이트를 토양과 섞은 혼합물로 대체하여 이러한 오염을 방지하고자 한다. 혼합물들을 성토재를 사용하기 위해서는 최소한의 지지력을 갖춰야 한다. 제올라이트 혼합물의 중금속(아연, 납)에 대한 흡착특성과 지지력을 실험하기 위하여 등온 흡착시험, 직접 전단시험, 및 표준다짐시험을 실시하였다. 실험결과, 혼합물들은 효과적으로 오염물질의 확산을 줄일 수 있고 동시에 적절한 지지력을 확보할 수 있다.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2005

목 적 : 공작실에서 block을 제작할 때 중금속이 사용된다. 이때 발생하는 중금속 분진 및 발연(發煙)은 인체에 위해를 준다. 이러한 중금속의 측정과 분석을 통해 심각성을 인식한다. 또한 그에 따른 해결방안을 강구하는 것이 논문의 목적이다. 대상 및 방법 : 논문에 사용되는 기구는 유도 결합 플라즈마 방출분광기이며, 대전 시내 4개 대학병원 방사선 종양학과 공작실(비스무스, 납, 주석, 카드뮴)을 대상으로 하였다. 실험방법은 ppb 단위로 포집하여 비교 분석하고, 체내 및 혈중 중금속 기준치를 통한 공기 중 중금속의 기준치를 계산하며 중금속 임시 기준치를 설정하였다. 결 과 : 지하생활공간 공기 질 관리법에서 정해진 납과 카드뮴의 기준치(24시간 기준)는 $3{\mu}g/m^3$과 $2{\mu}g/m^3$이다. 그리고 비스무스와 주석은 체내 및 혈중 기준치와 다른 중금속 기준치를 통해 $7{\mu}g/m^3$과 $6{\mu}g/m^3$로 정하였다. 대전지역 4개 대학병원 공작실 내부 중금속 측정치를 작업 유무에 따라 비교한다. 비작업 시에는 측정치 대부분이 기준치 이하로 나왔다. 하지만 작업을 하고 있을 경우에는 높은 수치를 나타났다. 또한 차폐체의 구성 비율에 따른 검출 비율의 연관성도 보였다. 결 론 : 작업종사자의 중금속 오염 심각성에 대한 해결방법은 근본적인 부분에서 찾아야 한다. 병원에서는 국소 배기장치의 설치 및 주기적 성능 점검, 보호구 제공 등이 시행되어져야 한다. 또한 작업자는 지속적인 관심과 위생관리, 중금속 오염에 대한 부분을 인식해야 한다. 마지막으로 학회 차원에서 기준치 설정 및 주기적인 측정을 통해 지속적으로 관리를 해야 한다. 그리고 정기적인 특수건강진단의 실시와 같은 근본적인 해결방안을 찾아야겠다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.13-24
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• 2010

도시광산(사용후제품) 재자원화의 필요성과 배경을 설명하기 위하여, 자원고갈, 금속지원의 소비, 환경오염 그리고 금속재자원화 산업 등을 논하였다. 지속가능한 사회를 개발하기 위해서는 폐기물처리와 리싸이클링이 가장 중요한 과제이고, 특히 도시광산을 재자원화하는 것이 자원고갈을 지연시키고, 환경오염을 감소시키는 첩경임을 잘 알고 있다. 그러기 위해서는 도시광산지원의 재자원화 제도의 구축과 고도의 재자원화 기술개발이 시급한 과제라고 할 수 있다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.239-244
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• 2009

In this study, to stabilize the heavy metal in the contaminated soils, the column leaching test based on rainfall and pH value was performed by using coal mine drainage sludge(CMDS): which was generated during electrical purification of abandoned coal mine wastewater. Four types of testing column were used in this study. That were the CMDS and the heavy metal contaminated soils well mixed in 0 wt%, 1 wt%, 3 wt% and 3 wt% layered column. According to the investigation, when the influent pH was $5.5{\sim}6.2$, there were no heavy metal elution at all conditions, and when the influent pH was $3{\sim}3.3$, the order of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr elution concentration was 3 wt% M(mixed)<3 wt% S(separation)<1 wt% M<0 wt% and the average elution concentration was quite low, the value was 0.005 mg/L. Therefore, CMDS can used as new stabilizer of the heavy metal in the contaminated soils.