• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2022

Top emission organic light-emitting diode (TEOLED) is commonly used because of high efficiency and good color purity than bottom - emission organic light-emitting device (BEOLED). Unlike BEOLED, TEOLED contain semitransparent metal cathode and capping layer. Because there are many characteristics to consider just simple thickness change, optimizing organic thickness of TEOLED for microcavity is difficult. So, in this study, we optimized Device capping layer at unoptimized micro-cavity structure TEOLED device. And we compare only capping layer with unoptimized microcavity structure can overcome optimized micro-cavity structure device. We used previous our optimized micro-cavity structure to compare each other. As a result, it has been found that the efficiency can be obtained almost the same or higher only capping layer, which is stacked on top of the device and controls only the thickness and refractive index, without complicated structural calculations. This means that higher efficiencies can be obtained more easily in laboratories with limited organic materials or when optimizing new structures etc.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.91-94
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• 2022

Top emission organic light-emitting diode is commonly used because of high efficiency and good color purity than bottom - emission organic light-emitting device. Unlike BEOLED, TEOLED contain semi-transparent metal cathode. Because of semi-transparent cathode, micro cavity effect occurs in TEOLED. We optimized this effect by changing the thickness of hole injection layer. Device consists of is indium-tin-oxide / N,N'-Di-[(1-naphthyl)-N,N'-diphenyl]-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (x nm) / tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (50nm) / LiF(0.5nm) / Mg:Ag (1:9), and we changed NPB thickness which is used as HTL in our device in order to study how micro cavity effects are changed by optical path. As the results, NPB thickness at 35nm showed the current efficiency of 8.55Cd/A.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.163-171
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• 2023

A blind box is a kind of sales method in that you can only get the product information by opening the package. In 2019, blind box products began to grow rapidly in the Chinese market, and gradually formed a special "blind box economy". The particularity of blind box products is that driven by consumers' curiosity, consumers' purchasing behavior can be directly induced by the visual and tactile perception of commodity packaging. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the psychological needs of consumers and master the blind box packaging design elements under the influence of consumer psychology. This paper takes figurine blind box packaging elements as the research scope and Chinese blind box consumers as the research object. Through market research and literature study, We are designed to conduct a questionnaire survey and SPSS empirical study to find out the differences in the preferences of different consumer temperament types for blind box packaging, taking the characteristics of blind box products and consumer psychology as the relevant theoretical background. The research results show that among the blind box consumers, choleric type consumers predominate, the color of the blind box packaging presents red, orange, and yellow preference, and the material presents metal, and plastic preference. The shape of the blind box shows a preference for special shape.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2021년도 가을 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.154-155
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• 2021

Appearance finish is important for amorphous buildings to maximize amorphousness, and GFRC, glass, and metal are mostly used as exterior materials for amorphous buildings currently applied. However, the existing exterior materials showed limitations in amorphous expression, texture, and color expression. In this study, a 3D stereoscopic panel mold was manufactured using the FDM method, one of the 3D printing technologies, and 3D stereoscopic panel production was reviewed using Ultra High Performance Concrete (UHPC), which has excellent physical and mechanical performance and expression. In order to overcome the limitations of unstructured expression, a UHPC 3D stereoscopic panel using the FDM method, one of the 3D printing technologies, was manufactured. Unlike steel molds, FRP molds, and EPS molds, the FDM method can be applied to various materials, and complex shapes are implemented. If it is used using recyclable materials as well as PLA filaments used in the FDM method, it will overcome the limitations of amorphous expression and activate the production of 3D stereoscopic panels that have secured eco-friendliness.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.66-84
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• 2023

Handbags are a part of fashion and while their significance and value are increasing, research on this topic is lacking. This study defines handbags and categorizes the materials used for making handbags, sewing methods, expression techniques, and terminologies related to accessories. A total of 1,743 handbags that were released from the Spring 2020 to Fall 2023, Ready-to-Wear collections by 8 selected brands (Hermes, Dior, Fendi, Chanel, Louis Vuitton, Prada, Gucci, and Alexander McQueen), were analyzed. Out of these, 732 unique designs, excluding those with only color variations, were studied. The most common sewing methods were 'Cut, sewing, and edge painting', 'Cylinder arm sewing', 'Cut, edge painting, and sewing', and 'Inverted seam', in that order. Slim strap designs primarily used the 'Cut, sewing, and edge painting' method, whereas the body, especially with narrow and hard leather, was best suited for the 'Cylinder arm sewing machine'. For expression techniques, the most frequently used methods were 'Quilting', 'Metal Eyelet', 'Embossing', 'Printing', 'Punching', and 'Weaving', respectively. The characteristics of each brand's production methods, expression techniques, and accessories were as follows: First, the exposure of logos and monograms is prominent. Unlike clothing, handbags often prominently feature the brand's logo or monogram. Second, signature quilting is a prominent feature. Quilting effectively conveys the brand's signature style, providing cushioning, volume, and pattern effects. Third, sustainable development is a growing trend. Brands are increasingly applying eco-friendly and socially responsible designs.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.90-100
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• 1975

로우푸수하식 양식굴의 가공적성에 관한 실험을 하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 굴의 각내부피에 대한 연체부의 무게 또는 각내 부피에 대한 연체부의 부피의 측정값으로서 비만도를 측정하는 지표로 이용할 수 있다. 2. 육류분의 월별변화를 보면 수분과 지방은 대체로 역상관관계가 됐고, 단백질은 4월부터 약간감소하기 시작하여 7월에 급격히 감소하였다가 8월에 다시 급격하게 증가하나 9월부터 다시 점차 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 글리코겐은 4월부터 급격하게 감소하기 시작하여, $6\~8$월에 최저값을 나타내고, 9월부터 다시 증가하였다. pH는 $6.0\~6.2$로서 시간적으로 큰 변화는 찾아 볼 수 없이 거의 일정하였다. 회분은 $6\~8$월에 약간 감소하는 경향이 있었다. 3. 비만도 및 육성분 분석결과로써 가공적성을 판정한다면 가공원료 채취적기는 12월말에서 다음에 5월까지라고 보아진다. 4. 중금속함량의 시기적변화범위를 보면 수은은 $0\~0.019ppm$, 카드뮴은 $0.026\~0.053ppm $, 구리는 $0.111\~0.594ppm$ 남은 $0.061\~0.581ppm로 $로서 가공원료로 안전하다고 볼 수 있다. 5. 생굴을 냉동하기 전에 플리인산나트륨을 $10\%$ 함유한 $5\%$ 식염수에 침지처리한 것은 해동시에 drip 유출방지핵과가 있었다. 6. $ Na_2EDTA$또는 BHA용액에서 침지처리하는 전처리 조작만으로서는 굴 보일드통조림의 황변을 방지할 수 없었다. 7. $2\%$염화마구네슘 용액은 살아 있는 굴의 개각활동을 촉진하는 효과가 있었다.

• 한국광물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국광물학회.한국암석학회 2001년도 공동학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.38-39
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• 2001

The seasonal changes in pH, Fe, Al and SO$_4$$\^$2-/ contents of acid drainage released from coal mine dumps play a major role in precipitation of metal hydroxides in the Taebaek coal field area, southeastern Korea. Precipitates in the creeks underwent a cycle of the color change showing white, reddish brown and brownish yellow, which depends on geochemical factors of the creek waters. White precipitates consist of Al-sulfate (basaluminite and hydrobasaluminite) and reddish brown ones are composed of ferrihydrite and brownish yellow ones are of schwertmannite. Goethite coprecipitates with ferrihydrite and schwertmannite. Ferrihydrite formed at higher values than pH 5.3 and schwertmannite precipitated below pH 4.3, and goethite formed at the intermediate pH range between the two minerals. With the pH being increased from acid to intermediate regions, Fe is present both as schwertmannite and goethite. From the present observation, the most favorable pH that basauluminte can precipitate is in the range of pH 4.45-5.95. SEM examination of precipitates at stream bottom shows that they basically consist of agglomerates of spheroid and rod-shape bacteria. Bacteria species are remarkably different among bottom precipitates and, to a less extent, there are slightly different chemical compositions even within the same bacteria. The speciation and calculation of the mineral saturation index were made using MINTEQA2. In waters associated with yellowish brown precipitates mainly composed of schwertmannite, So$_4$ species is mostly free So$_4$$\^$2-/ ion with less AlSo$_4$$\^$+/, CaSo$\sub$(aq)/, and MgSo$\sub$4(aq)/. Ferrous iron is present mostly as free Fe$\^$2+/, and FeSo$\sub$4(aq)/ and ferric iron exists predominantly as Fe(OH)$_2$$\^$+/, with less FeSo$\sub$4(aq)/, Fe(OH)$_2$$\^$-/, FeSo$_4$$\^$-/ and Fe$\^$3+/, respectively Al exists as free Al$\^$3+/, AlOH$_2$$\^$-/, (AlSo$_4$)$\^$+/, and Al(So$_4$)$\^$2-/. Fe is generally saturated with respect to hematite, magnetite, and goethite, with nearly saturation with lepidocrocite. Aluminum and sulfate are supersaturated with respect to predominant alunite and less jubanite, and they approach a saturation state with respect to diaspore, gibbsite, boehmite and gypsum. In the case of waters associated with whitish precipitates mainly composed of basaluminite, Al is present as predominant Al$\^$3+/ and Al(SO$_4$)$\^$+/, with less Al(OH)$\^$2+/, Al(OH)$_2$$\^$+/ and Al(SO$_4$)$\^$2-/. According to calculation for the mineral saturation, aluminum and sulfate are greatly supersaturated with respect to basaluminite and alunite. Diaspore is flirty well supersaturated while jubanite, gibbsite, and boehmite are already supersaturated, and gypsum approaches its saturation state. The observation that the only mineral phase we can easily detect in the whitish precipitate is basaluminite suggests that growth rate of alunite is much slower than that of basaluminite. Neutralization of acid mine drainage due to the dilution caused by the dilution effect due to mixing of unpolluted waters prevails over the buffering effect by the dissolution of carbonate or aluminosilicates. The main factors to affect color change are variations in aqueous geochemistry, which are controlled by dilution effect due to rainfall, water mixng from adjacent creeks, and the extent to which water-rock interaction takes place with seasons. pH, Fe, Al and SO$_4$ contents of the creek water are the most important factors leading to color changes in the precipitates. A geochemical cycle showing color variations in the precipitates provides the potential control on acid mine drainage and can be applied as a reclamation tool in a temperate region with four seasons.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.55-60
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• 1986

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 소나무 수피(樹皮)와 신갈나무 수피(樹皮)가 중금속(重金屬)이온들을 흡착(吸着)하는데 영향(影響)하는 물리적(物理的)${\cdot}$화학적(化學的) 인자(因子)를 구명(究明)하기 위한 목적(目的)으로 수행(遂行)되었다, 본(本) 연구(硏究)에서 얻은 결과(硏究)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 두 수종(樹種) 공(共)히 수피립자(樹皮粒子)가 작을수록 흡착율(吸着率)이 증가(增加)한다. 동일(同一)한 mesh에서 $Fe^{++}$과 $Ni^{++}$의 흡착(吸着)은 신갈나무 수피(樹皮)가 량호(良好)하였다. 2. 두 수종(樹種) 공(共)히 미처리수피(未處理樹皮)의 흡착효과(吸着效果)가 HCHO처리수피(處理樹皮)보다 동일(同一)하거나, 약(約) 5% 높게 나타났다. 그러나, 수피(樹皮)에서 류출(流出)되는 색(色)의 농도(濃度)가 소나무 수피(樹皮)는 5.8배(培), 신갈나무 수피(樹皮)는 11.8배(培) 정도 미처리수피(未處理樹皮)의 여과수(濾過水)가 높았다. 3. $Fe^{++}$과 $Ni^{++}$은 30분(分)동안 반응(反應)할 때 최대흡착(最大吸着)을 나타내며, 그 이상(以上) 반응(反應)시켜도 흡착량(吸着量)의 변화(變化)는 거의 없었다. 4. 중김속(重金屬) 용액(溶液)의 농도(濃度)가 증가(增加)함에 따라 총흡착량(總吸着量)은 증가(增加)하나, 흡착율(吸着率)은 감소(減少)한다. 5. $Fe^{++}$은 수피(樹皮)와 반응(反應)한 후(後)의 여과액의 pH가 $4{\sim}5$, $Ni^{++}$은 pH $3.6{\sim}4.0$에서 최대흡착(最大吸着)을 나타냈다. 6. 수종(樹種)과 중금속(重金屬)에 관계(關係)없이 수피량(樹皮量)이 많을수록 높은 흡착율(吸着率)을 나타내고 있다. 그러나 단위(單位)무게당(當) 흡착량(吸着量)은 수피(樹皮) 2g 사용(使用)시가 가장 경제적(經濟的)이며 $Fe^{++}$는 신갈나무에서 36mg/1g, 소나무에서 21mg/g이 흡착(吸着)되었으며, $Ni^{++}$은 9mg/1g과 7mg/1g이 각각(各各) 흡착(吸着)되었다.

• 정보처리학회논문지A
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• 제15A권3호
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• pp.141-149
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 설계모델과 주물 응고의 유한차분법 기반 해석결과를 결합하여 가시화하는 새로운 방법을 제안하고 VR 디스플레이를 도입하여 입체 가시화함으로써 보다 효과적인 분석작업 환경을 제공한다. 먼저 기존 해석 소프트웨어를 사용하여 얻어진 응고해석 결과를 사각형 메쉬모델로 복원하여 복원모델의 모든 정점의 색이 해당 위치의 온도수치를 표현하도록 한다. 다음으로 설계모델의 모든 정점에 대해 가장 가까운 복원모델의 정점을 탐색함으로써 두 모델을 대응하고 대응점의 색을 설계모델 정점에 지정한다. 이때 설계 모델은 최소의 정점으로 모델의 형상이 이루어져 있어 정점의 분포가 복원모델에 비해 균일하지 않으므로 특정 임계값을 설정하여 삼각형 변의 길이가 이보다 큰 경우 정점을 추가함으로써 형태를 유지하는 메쉬 분할을 수행한다. 구현된 시스템은 설계모델 상에서 응고해석 데이터를 가시화함으로써 사용자가 분석객체 세부영역의 정확한 기하정보를 파악할 수 있으며 VR 디스플레이를 통해 실감나는 작업환경을 제공함으로써 보다 빠르고 효과적으로 문제발생여부를 판단할 수 있다.

• 복식
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• 제35권
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• pp.17-44
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• 1997

Medieval European practical art and style of costume is studied through referring to the literatures. The type of clothing that was seen on tapestries arts and crafts paintings and wall paintings and appeared in the architecture such as church. There were symbolic aspects of color motifs at this period and some restraints for clothing according to the social class, It was a period that draped garments due to the War of Crusades is appeared. Be-cause the medieval taste and decorative character is not only 'formative art' but also the taste beyoud 'mode' and atomsphere of that times it could be seen the strong reflec-tion of customs in the clothing of that times which is shown in works of art. 1) The purpose of Christian art which was found in mosaics stained glasses wall pain-tings and statues of architecture was not just the revival of natural phenomena but visuali-zation of sacred and invisible things. It was valuable to understandin of the spiritual through the sense organ It was a monumental art that was combined with decorative func-tion and role of the Bible. It revealed what was about the religious spiritual miracle, 2) In the medieval European painting characteristic and beautiful creativity was the basis of an argument. Both "Worship of East-ern" that is painted ion a parchment and "Cor-onation of Charles VI" were described decor-ation motifs on the edge of buildings geo-metric patterns and others with outstanding skill. there were precise technologic skill of architect and glassmen and lots of patience of craftsmen. " The Labour of the Months" and the scene of"A Trial at the Court" is also de-scribed elaborately. 3) Tapestry was developed in France Ger-many Swiss at the 14th century. Religionary and historical themes unicorn lady bird flowering plants and others were major motifs. It was very important as decorative wall coverings and as practical door arch and bed hangings. It was made through patient hard work with simple technique and it was con-sidered as an art for practical use. Tapestry was what everyone wish to have. It is reckoned for the item of the best gift. The royalty and nobility ordered and used custom-made tapestries. Sometimes the subject of motifs consisted of series which were deeply related to living 4) Decorative arts and crafts was the art that used materials such as precious metals jewels and others and that accorded with the luxurious and gorgeous taste of the royalty and nobility. Christian considered splendid and beautiful color of light as a symbol of glory. They used also for church appliances, There were metal crafts wood crafts textile crafts and others, As was stated above the costume appeared on the arts and crafts for living revealed the process of changes saw how the politic econ-omic and social organizations were developed.and social organizations were developed.