• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.481-494
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• 1996

This study was performed to investigate the relationship between concentrations of heavy metals in sediment and the depths of 27 sampling sites along the West Nakdong river in downstream of Nakdong River. The deepest site was Kangdong bridge nearby 20ft. From here, the depth was shallowed to Chidong gradually. In each site the smaller mesh was, the liger concentration of heavy metal becomed. Concentration of Zn, Cd, Cr and Cu at inflow point of Shinoe stream was 576.016 ppm, 262.307 ppm, 68.674 ppm and 61.634 ppm, respectively, the concentration was the higest at this point. From here, it was lowered gradually. The concentration of heavy metal at inflow point of Joman river was 155.328 ppm, 56.485 ppm, 25.200 ppm and 31.172 ppm, respectively, those concentrations were liger than other points with the exception of Shinoe stream. Therefore, woman river and Shinoe stream were the major source of pollution in West Nakdong river. Among two sources Shinoe stream was more important source of pollution. West Nakdong river has become lake by Noksan floodgate because it's pollution has had influence on Bonglim.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.477-488
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• 2018

In this study, heavy metal levels at the sediment monitoring network site upstream of the Gangjeong-Goryeong weir in the Nakdong River were surveyed from 2012 to 2016. We assessed the sediment pollution level using various pollution indexes based on ICP-MS analysis. The stream sediment pollution assessment standard, established through Regulation No. 687 of the National Institute of Environmental Research (2015), pollution load index (PLI), potential ecological risk index (RI), and mean PEL Quotient (mPELQ) were used to evaluate the sediment pollution level. We verified the representativeness of the monitoring point through the distribution of sedimentation and scour behavior by river bed surveying using anacousticDopplercurrentprofiler.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.149-155
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• 2003

Objectives of this research were to fractionate heavy metals in soil samples in the upper Okdong River basin and to assess the potential pollution index of each metal fraction. Soil samples were collected from cultivated land soils and analyzed for physical and chemical properties. pH of cultivated soils ranged from 5.2 to 7.6. Contents of total kelhaldal nitrogen and loss on ignition were in the ranges of 0.6∼2.5%, and 1.9∼12.9%, respectively. Heavy metals in the cultivated land soils were higher in the abandoned closed coal mine near field soils than those in the paddy soils. Total concentrations of metals in the cultivated land soils were in the orders of Zn > Pb > Ni > Cu > Cd, exceed the corrective action level of the Soil Environment Conservation Law and higher than the naturals were abundance levels reported from uncontaminated cultivated land soils. Mobile fractions of metals were relatively small compared to the total concentrations. Soil Pollution Assesment Index(SPAI) values of each fraction of metals were leveled from Non polluted to Moderately polluted based on total concentrations. SPAI values of mobil fractions were lower than those of immobile fractions. Results on metal fractions and SPAI values of the cultivated land soils indicate that field soils samples were contaminated with heavy metals and had potential to cause a detrimental effects on plants. A prompt countermeasure to prevent field soils in the abandoned closed coal mine near fields are urgently needed.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.59-66
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• 2012

In this study, it was sampling from heavy metal-contaminated soil with the waste in railroad workshop. And, the pollution concentration and analysis of particle-size distribution were conducted to design efficient purification process that it was aimed at high contaminated area, low contaminated area and samples containing waste foundry sand. But, it was the other signs of general soil contamination, as construction waste of waste concrete and waste wood, waste foundry sand, incinerator ash, etc is overall buried on the grounds. Thus, the common heavy metal purification technology has not decreased the pollution. However, heavy-metal contamination was reduced by magnetic separation utilizing the magnetic component of the mixed waste.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.27-42
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• 2018

It is important to identify the contaminant sources and to evaluate the fate and transport of heavy metals to crops in agricultural lands. This study was conducted to evaluate metal sources and its transfer and accumulation to crop in agricultural soils. Pollution indices were calculated and multivariate analysis was performed to identify metal sources. To evaluate transfer and accumulation of metals to crops, the contents of phytoavailable metals were evaluated by using single extraction method and the correlation between metal content and soil properties was analyzed. Also the BCF was quantitatively evaluated for investigating the metal transition to each crop grown in the research area. As a result, Cr, Ni, and Co were expected to be mainly derived from geologic factors due to weathering of certain parent rocks. The content of nickel in soils of the research area was slightly higher than that of the concern level criteria based on total concentration, but the amount transferred and accumulated in the crops was actually low. Understanding the contamination characteristics by investigating the pollution sources of heavy metals and its transfer and accumulation to crops through various evaluation techniques could provide important information for proper management of the agricultural land.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.711-720
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• 2003

To study characteristics of the heavy metal pollution, sediment samples were collected at 67 sites on the roadside of Jeonju city during summer and winter, 2002. The total concentration of metals including Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Mn in the sediment samples were determined. The results indicate that the roadside sediments in Jeonju city have lower (1/2 to 1/7 times) concentrations of Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd than the metal concentrations previously reported for roadside soil, dust and sewage sludges in Seoul. However, the metal concentrations are higher than environmental quality criteria in soil suggested from several countries, and Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd contents are usually 2-7 times higher than the world average contents of the metals in natural soil. Although pollution index and concentrations of Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn in the roadside sediments at industrial area were usually higher than those of downtown and residential area, the metal having small vehicle- and steel-related industries had high concentrations of metals. The results of chemical partitioning analysis showed that Pb, Zn and Mn are mainly associated with carbonate/adsorbed and Fe-Mn oxide phases but that Cu is largely associated with the organic and sulfide fractions. It thus indicates that both large and small (vehicle- and steel-related) industries are main sources of heavy metal contamination. Due to high solubility of the carbonate phases by natural leaching episodes, the carbonate/adsorbed Cd, Co, Ni, Pb, Zn and Mn in the roadside sediments may serve as a potential source of contamination.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.655-656
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• 2008

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.303-308
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• 2013

We estimated sediment pollution by the analysis of COD and AVS. We also estimated the contents of Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn in sediment of Gwangyang bay, Mokpo inner bay and Shinan Bigum coastal area from 2011 July to 2012 February. In these results of sediment COD and AVS show III level pollution in Mokpo inner bay, however Gwangyang and Shinan Bigum coast show I level pollution. The results of Igeo show over 2 on the contents of Cu and Cd in Gwangyang bay and Mokpo inner bay. It also know that Igeo can more and detail estimate sediment pollution in industrial coastal area. These results show that it is suitable to estimated sediment pollution by COD and AVS with trace metal in industrial and initial polluted coastal area rather than analysis of COD and AVS only in coastal area.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.25-36
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• 2016

Heavy metals in the stream sediments around Shihwa Lake were studied not only to investigate the characteristics of spacio-temporal distribution but also to assess the pollution degree and ecological risk using various pollution indices. Among metals, Zn had the highest values (1,311 mg/kg) and Hg showed the lowest value (0.261 mg/kg). The order of mean concentrations (mg/kg) of metals was Zn>Cu>Pb>Cr>Ni>Co>As>Cd>Hg in stream sediments around Shihwa Lake. Metal concentrations showed different pollution pattern with industrial region, indicating that these metals originated from different sources and industrial region had higher metal concentration than rural/urban regions. The results of geoaccumulation index (Igeo) showed that the stream sediments were significantly polluted with Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb, indicating moderately to highly polluted by these metals. According to PLI consideration, industrial region was more seriously polluted by metals whereas an rural/urban region was not polluted. About 85% of sampling site for Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb from industrial regions were exceeded the PEL values. The mPELQ and SQI values derived from PEL of industrial region were classified as 'highly toxic' and 'very poor' and metal pollution level tend to be worse in wet season. This indicates that the industrial activities and stromwater runoff represents an important sources of heavy metals around Shihwa Lake.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.145-149
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• 2004

It is necessary for managing a perfect process for degasing aluminum molten metal according to the increase of a grade of aluminum and its alloy products. There are some methods that have been used to manage a degasing process in recent years, such as an injection method that uses aluminum molten metal powder and chemicals supplier and input method that supplies argon and nitrogen, or chlorine gas by using a gas blow-tube. However, these methods show some problems, and it shows that it is a difficult process to handle. pollution due to the producing a lot of toxic gases like chlorine and fluoride gas. irregular effects, and lowering work efficiency due to the excessive processing time. The problems that are the most fatal are the producing a lot of sludge due to the reaction of aluminum molten metal with chemicals. loss of metals, and decreasing the life of refractory materials. In order to solve these problems. this paper develops a technology that is related to aluminum continuous casting molten metal and monolithic degasing apparatus. A degasing apparatus developed in this study improved the exist ing methods and prevented environmental pollution wi th smokeless. odor less, and harmlessness by using a new method that applies argon and nitrogen gas in which the methods used in the West and Japan are eliminated. The developed method can significantly reduce product faults that are caused by the production of gas and oxidation because it uses a preprocessed molten metal with chemicals. In addition. the amount of the produced sludge can also be reduced by 60-80% maximum compared with the existing methods. Then. it makes it possible to minimize the loss of metals. Moreover. the molten metal processing and settling time is also shortened by comparing it with the existing methods that are applied by using chemicals. In addition, it does much to improve the workers' health, safety and environment because there is no pollution. The improvement of productivity and prevent ion effects of disaster from the results of the development can be summarized as follows. It will contribute to the process rationalization because it does not have any unnecessary processes that the molten metal will be moved to an agitator by using a ladle and returned to process for degasing like the existing process due to the monolithic configuration. There are no floating impurities due to the oxidation caused by the contact with the air as same as the existing process. In addition. it can protect the blending of precipitation impurities. Because it has a monolithic configuration. it can avoid the use of additional energy to compensate the temperature decreasing about 60t that is caused by the moving of molten metal. It is not necessary to invest an extra facilities in order to discharge the gas generated from a degasing process by using an agitator. The working environment can be improved by the hospitable air in the factory because the molten metal is almost not exposed in the interior of the area.