• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.233-241
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• 2013

There are limited data on healthy dietary patterns protective against metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) development. We identified dietary patterns among middle-aged and older adults and investigated the associations with the incidence of MetSyn. A population-based prospective cohort study included 5,251 male and female Koreans aged 40-69 years. At baseline, all individuals were free of MetSyn, other major metabolic diseases, and known cardiovascular disease or cancer. Cases of MetSyn were ascertained over a 6-year of follow-up. Dietary patterns and their factor scores were generated by factor analysis using the data of a food frequency questionnaire. We performed pooled logistic regression analysis to estimate multivariable-adjusted relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for associations between factor scores and MetSyn risk. Two dietary patterns were identified; (1) a healthy dietary pattern, which included a variety of foods such as fish, seafood, vegetables, seaweed, protein foods, fruits, dairy products, and grains; and (2) an unhealthy dietary pattern, which included a limited number of food items. After controlling for confounding factors, factor scores for the healthy dietary pattern were inversely associated with MetSyn risk (P-value for trend < 0.05) while those for the unhealthy dietary pattern had no association. Individuals in the top quintile of the healthy diet scores showed a multivariable-adjusted RR [95% CI] of 0.76 [0.60-0.97] for MetSyn risk compared with those in the bottom quintile. The beneficial effects were derived from inverse associations with abdominal obesity, low HDL-cholesterol levels, and high fasting glucose levels. Our findings suggest that a variety of healthy food choices is recommended to prevent MetSyn.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.93-105
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• 2012

Objectives: The objective of the study was to examine the clustering patterns and correlates of multiple health behaviors (MHBs) in middle-aged Koreans with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods: Data on sociodemographics, clinical characteristics, health behaviors (vegetable intake, physical activity, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption), and psychological characteristics were collected by a self-reported survey and medical examination from 331 individuals with MetS. Clustering of MHBs was examined by measuring 1) the ratios of observed and expected prevalence of MHBs, and 2) the prevalence odds ratios. A binomial logistic regression were conducted. Results: Men were more likely than women to engage in multiple unhealthy behaviors. Clustering of smoking and heavy drinking was exhibited in the participants. Women with high vegetable intake were more likely to be physically inactive, and those with inadequate vegetable intake were more likely to be physically active. Those with lower self-regulation were more likely to engage in unhealthy behaviors. Conclusions: The findings support the multiple health behavior approach as opposed to the individual health behavior approach. Emphasis of self-regulation is necessary in developing multiple behavior intervention for individuals with MetS.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.404-410
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Although the association of body mass index (BMI) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) is well documented, there is little knowledge on the independent and joint associations of BMI and physical activity with MetS risk based on a continuous scoring system. This study was designed to explore the effect of physical activity on interactions between excess body weight and continuous metabolic syndrome (cMetS) in a nationwide survey of Iranian children and adolescents. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Data on 5,625 school students between 10 and 18 years of age were analyzed. BMI percentiles, screen time activity (STA), leisure time physical activity (LTPA) levels, and components of cMetS risk score were extracted. Standardized residuals (z-scores) were calculated for MetS components. Linear regression models were used to study the interactions between different combinations of cMetS, LTPA, and BMI percentiles. RESULTS: Overall, 984 (17.5%) subjects were underweight, whereas 501 (8.9%) and 451 (8%) participants were overweight and obese, respectively. All standardized values for cMetS components, except fasting blood glucose level, were directly correlated with BMI percentiles in all models (P-trend < 0.001); these associations were independent of STA and LTPA levels. Linear associations were also observed among LTPA and standardized residuals for blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein, and waist circumference (P-trend < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that BMI percentiles are associated with cMetS risk score independent of LTPA and STA levels.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.645-671
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• 2021

Objectives: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is strongly related with central obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), hyperglycemia, and hypertension. This study reviewed the potential of Chenpi in treatment of MetS through amelioration of co-related diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hepatic steatosis, and inflammation. Methods: Six electronic databases (Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System (OASIS), Korean Traditional Knowledge Portal, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), PubMed, and Embase) were used to search for in vitro, in vivo, and clinical research that discusses the potential effects of Chenpi (Citrus unshiu Markovich, Citrus reticulata Blanco) on diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hepatic steatosis, and inflammation. Results: This review suggests the potential of Chenpi as a candidate for the treatment of metabolic syndrome through improvement of co-related diabetes, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hepatic steatosis, and inflammation. However, comparison of the results of each study was limited by a lack of quantification of the experimental materials.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.368-375
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• 2020

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a disease that is accompanied by various metabolic related problems and refers to a disease in which various adult diseases occur along with obesity. These metabolic syndromes appear according to the individual's genetic background. APOA5-ZPR1-BUD13, a gene cluster belonging to chromosome 11q23.3, is well known for its risk of plasma triglycerides and coronary artery disease. Recently, the GWAS results for metabolic syndrome were published in Koreans. The results included the APOA5-ZPR1-BUD13, and the SNPs that first appeared in Koreans in the ZPR1 and BUD13 were also discovered. In this study, the reproducibility was investigated for the newly discovered ZPR1 (rs964184) and BUD13 (rs2075295, rs1558861) using The Health Examinees (HEXA) cohort and showed significance. In addition, BUD13 (rs117548857, rs10488698, rs149527022, rs10790162), ZPR1 (rs2075290, rs145796806, rs201247587), APOA5 (rs12791103, rs1263173, rs7396835, rs17520254) were additionally discovered and significant results were obtained. For the SNPs that showed significant results, the effect on protein expression and the effect of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) were also confirmed. This study is expected to contribute to the prevention and treatment of diseases with differences in onset based on individual genetic patterns as well as presenting the effect of genetic mutations in the APOA5-ZPR1-BUD13 on metabolic syndrome and blood lipid levels.

• 운동영양학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

[Purpose] This study analyzed data from the 7^th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016-2018) to compare the differences in energy intake and physical activity (PA) levels in middle-aged Korean men aged 40-59 years according to household type and the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). [Methods] Data from 2,266 young adults (aged >39 years and <60 years) were obtained from the KNHANES. We analyzed the differences in energy intake and PA levels according to household type and MetS. The presence or absence of MetS was determined by measuring waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, and HDL-C levels. [Results] Regarding total nutritional intake, no relationship with MetS was observed regardless of household type (interaction between MetS and household type: p = 0.875). No differences in total PA were observed between multiple- and single-person households (interaction between MetS and household type: p = 0.122). The relationship between MetS and MetS components according to nutritional intake showed that participants with a higher energy intake had a 27% lower prevalence of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (p < 0.05) and a 36% higher prevalence of high blood pressure (p < 0.01). The relationship between MetS and MetS components according to the PA level showed significantly reduced prevalence of MetS by approximately 39%, 35%, and 43% (p < 0.01, 0.01, and 0.001) in subjects who were somewhat active, active, and very active, respectively, compared to inactivity. [Conclusion] Middle-aged men showed no difference in nutritional intake and PA between multiple- and single-person households. However, the risk of MetS was significantly higher in participants with approximately 1.5 times the energy intake compared to the group with the lowest energy intake. Moreover, higher levels of PA had a marked positive effect on the risk factors and prevalence of MetS. Therefore, we suggest that reducing the total energy intake and increasing total PA are important for preventing MetS in middle-aged men regardless of household type.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.294-301
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between dietary macronutrient intakes and prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Korean adults. Data were obtained from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2017), and a total of 11,600 Korean adults (4,918 men, 6,682 women) aged 50 years and older were analyzed. The daily intakes and percentages of energy from carbohydrates or fat in men or women with MetS were significantly lower than in normal subjects, respectively. High carbohydrate or fat percentages were negatively associated with MetS based on adjusted odds ratios (OR) of 0.804 in men (p=0.034) and 0.820 in women (p=0.045), respectively. A high percentage of energy from carbohydrates was positively associated with reduced waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in men. On the other hand, a high percentage of energy from fat was positively related with elevated HDL cholesterol and reduced triglycerides in women. In conclusion, our study indicates that high carbohydrate or fat intake is associated with risk of MetS in Korean men or women aged 50 years and older, respectively. Further prospective studies are necessary to elucidate the association between macronutrient intakes and MetS among Korean adults according to age.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.119-130
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• 2011

한국인의 대사증후군 관련 식사요인 중 다량 영양소의 섭취 양상을 파악하고 역학적 특성을 파악하기 위해 2007~2008 국민건강영양조사 자료를 분석하였다. 한국인의 다량 영양소 섭취 양상은 성별, 연령대별, 건강 상태별로 달랐으나 전체적으로 탄수화물 섭취가 높은 편이고 지방의 섭취가 낮은 편이었다. 특히 60대 이상에서 당뇨병이나 고혈압 진단을 받았거나 대사증후군을 가지고 있는 사람들은 다른 그룹에 비해 탄수화물 에너지비가 더욱 높고 지방 섭취는 더욱 낮았으며 지방 급원 음식도 달랐다. 따라서 향후 대사증후군 및 기타 만성 질환의 예방과 관리를 위해서는 한국인의 성별, 연령대별, 건강상태별로 식생활의 특성을 파악하고 이를 토대로 적절한 영양 정책과 사업을 실시하여야 할 것이다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.378-386
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• 2017

본 연구는 대한민국 20세 이상 성인(n=4,948)에서 대사증후군과 비타민 D 및 뇨 중 미세알부민(microalbumin, MA)의 관련성을 연구하는 것을 목표로 하였다. 비타민 D의 수준(비타민 D 결핍, 비타민 D 불충분, 비타민 D 충분)에 따른 뇨 중 미세알부민에서, 비 대사증후군에서는 연령, 성별, 흡연습관, 음주 습관, 운동습관, 허리둘레, 체질량지수, 총콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 고밀도 콜레스테롤, 혈당 및 신사구체 여과율 등을 보정한 후에 비타민 D의 수준이 증가함에 따라 뇨 중 미세알부민은 유의하게 감소하였지만(p<0.001), 대사증후군에서는 관련변수를 보정한 후의 결과에서 비타민 D의 수준이 증가함에 따라 뇨 중 미세알부민은 유의한 차이가 없었다(p=0.892). 결론적으로, 비 대사증후군에서는 비타민 D의 수준이 증가함에 따라 뇨 중 미세알부민은 유의하게 감소하였지만, 대사증후군에서는 유의한 관련성이 없었다.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.12-26
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• 2024

Objectives We aimed to identify the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its clustering components according to constitution type and lifestyle risk factors in Korean adults. Methods This study included 1,978 adults aged 30-55 years from the Korean Medicine Daejeon Citizen Cohort (KDCC) study. We defined lifestyle factors including smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, sleep, dietary quality, and weight status. Total lifestyle scores were created based on the six lifestyle factors (ranging from 0 to 5 factors) and classified into two groups: unhealthy (0-2 factors), or healthy (3-5 factors). Cox proportional hazard regression was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of primary endpoints: MetS events and their clustering components. Results During a median follow-up of 2.2 years, we documented 125 new onsets of MetS. Compared with participants with healthy, the HR of unhealthy participants was 2.401 (95% CI: 1.497-3.851) for MetS incidence. After adjusting for covariates, TE type with unhealthy was higher HR values of abdominal obesity (HRs: 1.499, 95%CI: 1.061-2.117) and hypertension (HRs: 1.840, 95%CI: 1.032-3.277), respectively. Conclusion Unfavorable lifestyle factors were highly associated with the prevalence of MetS and its clustering such as abdominal obesity and hypertension in Korean adults with TE. Tailored health management is needed to consider individual traits and healthy lifestyles to prevent cardiometabolic diseases.