• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.197-203
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• 1988

The rates of photorespiration and total CO2 fixation depending on leaf ages of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) were investigated. Metabolic rates of glycolate and glyoxylate in isolated peroxisomes were also measured. The rate of photorespiration and total CO2 fixation ability increased with the maturing of leaf, but decreased with senescence. Activities of enzymes involved in the peroxisomal photorespiratory pathway such as catalase, glycolate oxidase, NADH-glyoxylate reductase and glutamate-glyoxylate transaminase were highest in the mature leaf, but also decreased with aging of leaf. Glutamate-glyxolate transaminase activity significantly decreased with senescence, especially. the metabolic rate of glycolate was observed to be lower than that of glyoxylate in isolated peroxisomes. Glycolate seemed to be metabolized mainly to glycine, however, it also oxidized to CO2 when glycolate was supplied as a substrate for glycine synthesis instead of glyoxylate. The conversion rates of glycolate and glyxylate into CO2 increased with the senescence of leaves.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.351-363
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• 2007

The scientific articles using radio labelled insecticides performed by Korean researchers were reviewed. The research works were divided into 4 categories such as soil, plant, animal and insect. All researches used $^{14}C$-labelled chemicals, and the $^{14}C$-carbofuran was widely used among them. Fate of insecticides, bound-residues and metabolic process were staple concerning area in soil study. And the uptake and translocation, metabolism and metabolites also a major interests in plant study. As well as the degradation, metabolic pathway and metabolites, and distribution of chemicals in animal tissue were another point of consideration in animal study. And finally, the penetration ratio into body and resistant mechanism were the major concerning views of study with insects.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.511-522
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• 2011

화색은 화훼 육종의 주요한 목표형질이다. 최근 유전공학 기술의 발달로 기존의 전통육종에서는 볼 수 없었던 파란장미와 파란카네이션과 같은 새로운 화색 개발이 성공적으로 보고되었다. 플라보노이드 생합성에 관해 축적된 지식기반 연구 결과를 바탕으로 새롭고 독특한 형질의 화색을 도입하는 것이 가능하게 된 것이다. 이러한 화색변경은 플라보노이드 대사경로의 조절, 즉 내재유전자의 발현조절 및 새로운 플라보노이드 합성 또는 특정 플라보노이드 합성을 위한 외래유전자의 추가도입과 플라보노이드 대사 전체를 조절하는 전사인자의 도입을 통해서 이루어져 왔다. 그러나 보다 실증적으로 이러한 플라보노이드 대사를 조절하기 위해서는 작물별 내재 플라보노이드의 조절 기작에 대한 이해를 바탕으로 목표로 하는 플라보노이드 합성을 위해 보다 정교한 대사흐름의 조절이 요구된다. 본 총설에서는 화훼작물의 화색변경 성공 예들을 자세히 소개하고 그 요인 분석을 통해 향후 더 성공적인 화색변경의 전략을 수립하는데 도움이 되고자 한다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.299-306
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• 2009

Dissolved oxygen (DO) has a significant effect on the molecular weight of hyaluronic acid (HA) during the fermentation of Streptococcus zooepidemicus. Therefore, to further investigate the effect of DO on the yield and molecular weight of HA, this study compared the metabolic flux distribution of S. zooepidemicus under aerobic conditions at various DO levels. The metabolic flux analysis demonstrated that the HA synthesis pathway, considered a dependent network, was little affected by the DO level. In contrast, the fluxes of lactate and acetate were greatly influenced, and more ATP was generated concomitant with acetate at a high DO level. Furthermore, the has gene expression and HA synthase activity were both repressed under anaerobic conditions, yet not obviously affected under aerobic conditions at various DO levels. Therefore, it was concluded that the HA molecular weight would seem to depend on the concomitant effect of the generation of ATP and reactive oxygen species. It is expected that this work will contribute to a better understanding of the effect of the DO level on the mechanism of the elongation of HA chains.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2020

In this study, some of the recently reported data processing strategies were evaluated and modified based on their capabilities and a brief workflow for data mining was redefined for Q-TOF LC-MS based untargeted metabolomics. Commercial pooled human plasma samples were used for this purpose. An ultrafiltration procedure was applied on sample preparation. Sample set was analyzed through Q-TOF LC/MS. A C18 column (Agilent Zorbax 1.8 µM, 50 × 2.1 mm) was used for chromatographic separation. Raw chromatograms were processed using XCMS - R programming language edition and Isotopologue Parameter Optimization (IPO) was used to optimize XCMS parameters. The raw XCMS table was processed using MS Excel to find reliable and reproducible peaks. Totally 1650 reliable and reproducible potential metabolite peaks were found based on the data processing procedures given in this paper. The redefined dataset was upload into MetaboAnalyst platform and the identified metabolites were matched with 86 metabolic pathways. Thus, two list were obtained and presented in this study as supplement files. The first list is to present the retention times and m/z values of detected metabolite peaks. The second list is the metabolic pathways related with the identified metabolites. The briefly described data processing strategies and dataset presented in this study could be beneficial for the researchers working on untargeted metabolomics for processing their data and validating their results.

• BMB Reports
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• 제48권10호
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• pp.539-540
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• 2015

It has been proposed that the selective elimination of cancer stem cells (CSCs) using targeted therapy could greatly reduce tumor growth, recurrence, and metastasis. To develop effective therapeutic targets for CSC elimination, we aimed to define the properties of CSC mitochondria, and identify CSC-mitochondria-specific targets in colon cancer. We found that colon CSCs utilize mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to produce ATP. We also found that forkhead box protein 1 (FOXM1)-induced peroxiredoxin 3 (PRDX3) maintains the mitochondrial function, and the FOXM1/PRDX3 mitochondrial pathway maintains survival of colon CSCs. Furthermore, FOXM1 induces CD133 (PROM1/prominin 1) expression, which maintains the stemness of colon CSCs. Together, our findings indicate that FOXM1, PRDX3, and CD133 are potential therapeutic targets for the elimination of CSCs in colon cancer.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.578-583
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• 2003

The desulfurization genes (dszABC) were cloned from Gordonia nitida. Nucleotide sequences similarity between the dszABC genes of G. nitida and those of Rhodococcus rhodochrous IGTS8 was 89%. The similarities of deduced amino acids between the two were 86% for DszA, 86% for DszB, and 90% for DszC. The G. nitida dszABC genes were expressed in several different Escherichia coli strains under an inducible trc promoter. Cultivation of these metabolically engineered E. coli strains in the presence of 0.2 mM dibenzothiophene (DBT) allowed the conversion of DBT to 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2-HBP), which is the final metabolite of the sulfur-specific desulfurization pathway. The maximum conversion of DBT to 2-HBP was 16% in 60 h. Recombinant E. coli was applied for the deep desulfurization of diesel oil supplemented into the medium at 5% (v/v). Sulfur content in diesel oil was decreased from 250 mg sulfur/1 to 212.5 mg sulfur/1, resulting in the removal of 15% of sulfur in diesel oil in 60 h.

• BMB Reports
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• 제44권7호
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• pp.423-434
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• 2011

A female hormone, estrogen, is linked to breast cancer incidence. Estrogens undergo phase I and II metabolism by which they are biotransformed into genotoxic catechol estrogen metabolites and conjugate metabolites are produced for excretion or accumulation. The molecular mechanisms underlying estrogen-mediated mammary carcinogenesis remain unclear. Cell proliferation through activation of estrogen receptor (ER) by its agonist ligands and is clearly considered as one of carcinogenic mechanisms. Recent studies have proposed that reactive oxygen species generated from estrogen or estrogen metabolites are attributed to genotoxic effects and signal transduction through influencing redox sensitive transcription factors resulting in cell transformation, cell cycle, migration, and invasion of the breast cancer. Conjuguation metabolic pathway is thought to protect cells from genotoxic and cytotoxic effects by catechol estrogen metabolites. However, methoxylated catechol estrogens have been shown to induce ER-mediated signaling pathways, implying that conjugation is not a simply detoxification pathway. Dual action of catechol estrogen metabolites in mammary carcinogenesis as the ER-signaling molecules and chemical carcinogen will be discussed in this review.

• BMB Reports
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• 제51권7호
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• pp.356-361
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• 2018

Actin-binding LIM protein 1 (ABLIM1), a member of the LIM-domain protein family, mediates interactions between actin filaments and cytoplasmic targets. However, the role of ABLIM1 in osteoclast and bone metabolism has not been reported. In the present study, we investigated the role of ABLIM1 in the receptor activator of $NF-{\kappa}B$ ligand (RANKL)-mediated osteoclastogenesis. ABLIM1 expression was induced by RANKL treatment and knockdown of ABLIM1 by retrovirus infection containing Ablim1-specific short hairpin RNA (shAblim1) decreased mature osteoclast formation and bone resorption activity in a RANKL-dose dependent manner. Coincident with the downregulated expression of osteoclast differentiation marker genes, the expression levels of c-Fos and the nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), critical transcription factors of osteoclastogenesis, were also decreased in shAblim1-infected osteoclasts during RANKL-mediated osteoclast differentiation. In addition, the motility of preosteoclast was reduced by ABLIM1 knockdown via modulation of the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/Rac1 signaling pathway, suggesting another regulatory mechanism of ABLIM1 in osteoclast formation. These data demonstrated that ABLIM1 is a positive regulator of RANKL-mediated osteoclast formation via the modulation of the differentiation and PI3K/Akt/Rac1-dependent motility.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.203-206
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• 2002

${\gamma}-Tocopherol$ methyltransferase(TMT)는 토코페롤 생합성 대사의 마지막 단계인 감마 토코페롤을 알파 토코페롤로 변환하는데 관여하는 효소이다. 들깨의 미성숙 종자 cDNA유전자 은행에서 TMT로 추정되는 유전자를 분리하였으며 이 유전자는 1369개의 염기와 367개의 아미노산으로 구성되었으며 분자량은 약 42kDa의 추정된다. 이 cDNA는 Genbank와 상동성 분석결과 애기장대의 TMT유전자와 아미노산 수준에서 60% 정도의 상동성을 가지고 있으며 methyltransferase domain과 S-adenosyl methionine binding domain을 가지고 있으므로 TMT 유전자로 추정했다. 이 유전자의 특성을 알기 위하여 완전한 크기를 가지는 TMT유전자를 대장균에서 발현하고 invitro에서 효소의 활성을 측정하였다.