• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.285-290
• /
• 2001

Purpose : Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) was standardized in 1979 by the National Diabetes Data Group and the World Health Organization as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes, replacing groups such as 'borderline' and 'chemical' diabetes. The main clinical significance of IGT is as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes and as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and as a component of the metabolic syndrome. In 1997 the American Diabetes Association(ADA) was proposed the new classification and diagnostic criteria for diabetes, which is strict with the diagnostic baseline of Diabetes from 140mg/dl to 126mg/dl. And it's main purpose is to prevent chronic complications by early diagnosis and treatments. In the oriental medicine, Supungsunkihwan has been used in treatments of Diabetes including IGT & NIDDM, however there is not enough studies about the its objective hypoglycemic effect. so in order to investigate whether there is hypoglycemic effect of Supungsunkihwan, clinical studies were performed with IGT and mild NIDDM patients. Methods : Prior to the study, fasting blood sugar(FBS) and postprandial 2hrs(PP2hrs) glucose were checked. In addition, ECG, cholesterol, TG, HbA1c levels were measured, and the dinical characteristics of patients that can be influence to the blood sugar level such as age, gender, rest type, diet type were surveyed. Supungsukihwan was administered for 7 days, and FBS & PP2hrs were measured again after the therapy. Result : PP2hrs glucose levels were decreased by the administration of Supungsunkihwan. And It's hypoglycemic effects has the correlation with age. That is, the more age increase, the more hypoglycemic effect decrease. Conclusion : Supungsukihwan has hypoglycmic effects on IGT & mild NIDDM patients and it is more effective when administrated to young patients relatively.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제2권4호
• /
• pp.289-294
• /
• 2008

Pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factor 1 (PBX1), which is located on chromosome 1q23, was recently reported to be associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We examined whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the PBX1 gene are associated with overweight/obesity in a Korean population. We genotyped 66 SNPs in the PBX1 gene and investigated their association with clinical phenotypes found in 214 overweight/obese subjects and 160 control subjects using the Affymetrix Targeted Genotyping chip array. Seven SNPs (g.+75l86C>T, g.+78350C>A, g.+80646C>T, g.+138004C>T, g.+185219G>A, g.+191272A>C, and g.+265317T>A) were associated with the risk of obesity in three models (codominant, dominant, and recessive) (P=0.007-0.05). Haplotype 1 (CAC) and 3 (TAC) of block 3 and haplotype 2 (GGAAT) of block 10 were also strongly associated with the risk of obesity. In the control group, subjects that had homozygote for the major allele for both g.+185219G>A and g.+191272A>C showed lower high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) level compared to those possessing the minor allele, suggesting that the association between the homozygote for the major allele for both g.+185219G>A and g.+191272A>C and HDL-C is attributable to the increased risk of obesity. This study suggests that the PBX1 gene is a possible risk factor in overweight/obese patients.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.19-30
• /
• 2008

수정란이 포배로 분화하는 것은 착상을 통하여 개체 발생이 성립되는 포유동물의 발생에 있어서 핵심적인 현상이다.. 초기 배아 발생 시기동안 배아는 생존을 위한 에너지원을 공급받아야 한다. 포유동물의 난자는 보통의 경우 난자 형성 동안 많은 양의 에니지원을 세포질에 비축하지 않기 때문에 발생 동안 수란관과 자궁으로부터 물질대사와 관련돼 여러 물질, 특히 에너지원을 획득해야 한다. 탄수화물은 착상전 배아의 주 에너지원으로 알려져 있다. 포도당, 젖산염, 피르브산염은 착상 전배아 배양액에서 없어서는 않될 성분으로, 초기 배아는 그 발생 단계에 따라 이들 물질에 대한 선호도를 각기 다르게 갖고 있다. 포도당수송체(glucose transporter)와 수소이온-단당류 동향수송체($H^+$-monocarboxylate cotransporter)는 탄수화물을 수송하는 주된 매개자로 이들의 발현 수준은 일차적으로 내인성 또는 인슐린이나 포도당과 같은 외인성 요인에 동시적으로 조절을 받는다. 비록 1960년대 이후 화학적으로 규명된 BWW와 같은 배양액을 이용하여 수정란이 성공적으로 포배로 발생되고 이식 후 정상적인 새끼가 태어났어도, 발생조절에 있어서 이들 탄수화물 물질대사 산물의 역할은 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 포도당은 밀착이 진행되는 상실배에서 물질대사 관련 효소와 수송체의 발현을 조절하고, 포배강 형성에 필요로 하는 에너지를 생산하는데 관련된 것으로 인식되고 있다. 다른 한편으로 cytokine은 배아에서 탄수화물의 대사율, 그리고 물질대사율 조절을 통하여 배아 발생을 조절할 수 있는 것으로 제안되어 왔다. 또한, 근래 들어 본인 등은 젖산염이 착상 전 배아의 발생을 조절할 수 있는 물질임을 밝히고 있다. 이러한 결과들은 탄수화물의 물질대사물이 초기 배아 시기에 에너지원으로서 뿐만이 아니라 생합성 경로 및 다른 조절경로에 참여하고 있음을 의미한다. 따라서 초기 배아 발생 동안 탄수화물 대사와 대사물질은 에너지원으로서 뿐만이 아니라 수정란이 착상할 수 있는 능력을 갖춘 포배로 발생하는 것을 조절하는 조절물질로 그 중요성이 있다.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
• /
• 제41권4호
• /
• pp.280-290
• /
• 2007

목적: 성격기질의 성차는 생물학적 기초를 가지고 있는 것으로 여겨진다. 성격기질의 성차를 신경생물학적 방법론을 통해 규명하기 위해, 국소 뇌포도당대사와 남성과 여성각각의 성격기질요인과의 상관을 분석하였다. 대상 및 방법 36명의 오른손잡이 대상자들이 자원하여 참가하였다(남성 18명, 평균연령, 33.8 17.6세 ; 여성 18명, 평균연령, 36.2 20.4세). 모든 참가자들로부터 안정상태의 FDG PET 이미지를 획득하여 분석에 활용하였다. FDG PET 스캔이 이루어진 후 10일 이내 Cloninger의 240문항 성격기질검사를 이용해 새로움추구(NS), 위험회피(HA) 및 보상의존(RD) 기질점수를 평가하였다. 각각의 성격기질요인점수와 국소뇌포도당대사의 상관을 SPM2를 이용해 분석했다. 결과: 남성에 있어 새로움추구 요인점수와 포도당대사 간 유의미한 부적상관이 관찰된 영역은 양쪽 상측두회, 해마 및 도회이었던 반면, 여성에서는 양쪽 중전두회, 오른쪽 상관자회 및 왼쪽 전대상회와 피각이었다. 위험회피 요인점수와 포도당대사 간 유의미한 정적상관이 관찰된 영역은 남성에 있어 오른쪽 흑질과 왼쪽 대상회였던 반면, 여성에서는 양쪽 기저핵군의 영역이었다. 마지막으로 남성에게서는 포도당대사와 보상의존 기질요인과의 부적상관이 오른쪽 중전두회 및 왼쪽 중측두회에서 관찰된 반면 여성에서는 양쪽 중전두회와 오른쪽 기저핵 영역 및 상측두회가 관찰되었다. 결론: 이 연구는 남성과 여성의 성격기질에 관여하는 뇌의 신경학적 기초가 다르며 이는 기억시스템은 물론 동기화 시스템을 포함한 뇌의 다양한 신경회로기능과 관련되어 있음을 보여주었다. 이러한 연구 결과는 성격의 기질적 측면에 있어서의 성차는 물론이고 성별에 따른 정신과적 질환의 유병 정도 차이를 이해하는 중요한 생물학적 기초를 제공할 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국어류학회지
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.87-94
• /
• 2011

본 연구는 통상적으로 활어 수송을 위해 사용되는 수온 $15{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ 범위에서 단기 수온 강하와 단기간 먹이제한을 했을 때 넙치의 스트레스 반응과 생리상태를 혈중 생화학 인자와 4종류의 갑상선호르몬의 변화를 통해 파악하고, 이 결과들을 바탕으로 어류의 스트레스 및 생리활성 지표로서 분석 인자들의 효용성을 검토하고자 하였다. 먹이제한 실험은 1년생 넙치 양성어(전장 $32.9{\pm}1.2$ cm, 체중 $348.0{\pm}34.7$ g)를 이용해 8일간 실시하였고, 수온변화 실험은 1년생 양성어(전장 $32.7{\pm}1.2$ cm, 체중 $327.1{\pm}33.6$ g)를 이용해 8일간 수온을 $15.8^{\circ}C$에서 $13.3^{\circ}C$로 하강시키며 실시하였다. 혈중 생화학적 분석 인자는 ALT, AST, TP, GLU, 전해질($Na^+$, $K^+$, $Cl^-$), thyroid hormones (total $T_3$ & $T_4$ free $T_3$ & $T_4$)의 혈중 변화로 이루어졌다. 먹이섭식 제한 결과, AST, ALT 및 전해질에서는 절식기간 동안 어떠한 유의한 변화를 찾아볼 수 없었지만, TP와 GLU는 유의하게 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 갑상선호르몬 농도의 경우, 조사된 4종류 모두 절식기간이 길어지면서 감소하는 경향이 있었으며, 통계적으로 $FT_4$와 $TT_3$가 개시에 비해 실험 종료시 유의하게 감소하였다. 수온하강 실험의 경우, AST, ALT, TP 및 전해질 및 갑상선호르몬 농도에서 유의한 변화는 없었으나, GLU에서는 온도하강에 따른 농도 감소가 관찰되었다(P<0.05).

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제28권5호
• /
• pp.494-498
• /
• 2014

It is well known that Desomodii Herba (DH) has an effect to eliminate dampness, relieve jaundice and to clear away toxic material, relieve swelling in Korean Medicine. However, the effect of DH on breast cancer invasion is unknown. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of DH extracts (DHE) on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression and cell invasion, as well as the molecular mechanisms involved in MCF-7, human breast cancer cells. DHE inhibits TPA-induced MMP-9 protein and mRNA expressions in a dose-dependent fashion. DHE also inhibited the TPA-induced transcriptional activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$). These results indicate that DHE-mediated inhibition of TPA-induced MMP-9 expression and cell invasion involves the suppression of NF-${\kappa}B$ pathway in MCF-7 cells.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제37권10호
• /
• pp.734-741
• /
• 2014

Histone modifications on major transcription factor target genes are one of the major regulatory mechanisms controlling adipogenesis. Plant homeodomain finger 2 (PHF2) is a Jumonji domain-containing protein and is known to demethylate the histone H3K9, a repressive gene marker. To better understand the function of PHF2 in adipocyte differentiation, we constructed stable PHF2 knock-down cells by using the mouse pre-adipocyte cell line 3T3-L1. When induced with adipogenic media, PHF2 knock-down cells showed reduced lipid accumulation compared to control cells. Differential expression using a cDNA microarray revealed significant reduction of metabolic pathway genes in the PHF2 knock-down cell line after differentiation. The reduced expression of major transcription factors and adipokines was confirmed with reverse transcription- quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. We further performed co-immunoprecipitation analysis of PHF2 with four major adipogenic transcription factors, and we found that CCATT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)${\alpha}$ and C/EBP${\delta}$ physically interact with PHF2. In addition, PHF2 binding to target gene promoters was confirmed with a chromatin immunoprecipitation experiment. Finally, histone H3K9 methylation markers on the PHF2-binding sequences were increased in PHF2 knock-down cells after differentiation. Together, these results demonstrate that PHF2 histone demethylase controls adipogenic gene expression during differentiation.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.231-236
• /
• 1996

In our previous study (Kim et al, 1991), GLUT 4 protein content correlated negatively with plasma glucose levels in skeletal muscles of STZ-induced diabetic rats. Thus, in this study, to confirm whether expression of GLUT 4 correlate negatively with degree of hyperglycemia, we measured levels of GLUT 4 mRNA in red and white gastrocnemius muscles in STZ-induced mild and severe diabetic rats. Rats were randomly assigned to control, mild, and severe diabetic groups, and the diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal administration of STZ. The experiment was carried out 10 days after STZ administration. Gastrocnemius red and white muscles were used fur the measurement of GLUT 4 expression. Plasma glucose levels of mild and severe diabetic rats were increased compared to control rats (control, mild, and severe diabetes; $6.4{\pm}0.32,\;9.4{\pm}0.68,\;and\;22.0{\pm}0.58$ mmol/L, respectively). Plasma insulin levels of mild and severe diabetic rats were decreased compared to control rats (control, mild, and severe diabetes; $198{\pm}37,\;l14{\pm}14,\;and\;90{\pm}15$ pmol/L, respectively). GLUT 4 mRNA levels of gastrocnemius red muscles in mild and severe diabetic rats were decreased compared to control rats ($64{\pm}1.2%\;and\;71{\pm}2.0%$ of control, respectively), but GLUT 4 mRNA levels in gastrocnemius white muscles were unaltered in diabetic rats. In summary, GLUT 4 mRNA levels were decreased in STZ-induced diabetic rats but did not correlated negatively with degree of hyperglycemia, and this result suggest that the regulatory mechanisms of decreased GLUT 4 mRNA levels are hypoinsulinemia and/or other metabolic factor but not hyperglycemia. And regulation of GLUT 4 expression in STZ-induced diabetes between red and white enriched skeletal muscles may be related to a fiber specific gene regulatory mechanism.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.52-62
• /
• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate dietary macronutrient and $VO_{2}$ by BMI The subjects consisted of 50 female college students. They were divided into three groups: Below BMI 18.5 kg/$m^{2}$ (n = 9), BMI 18.5 - 23 kg/$m^{2}$ (n = 28), above BMI 23 g/$m^{2}$ (n = 13). Health-related questionnaires, dietary macronutrients, macronutrient compositions, food frequency questionnaires, body compositions and $VO_{2}$ were studied. Macronutrient compositions that macronutrient intakes were expressed by the percentage of daily energy intakes. There were significant differences in body fat, percent of body fat, and fat distribution by BMI Also, significantly increasing of basal metabolic rate (BMR) was shown by BMI, but BMR per body weight was decreased by BMI Overall, there were no significant differences in health-related questionnaires, food frequency questionnaires (FFQ), dietary macronutrients and $VO_{2}$ by BMI but salty taste preferences and carbohydrate intakes, FFQ of beans, white vegetables rand, yellow-green vegetables in the above BMI 23 g/$m^{2}$ group were significantly higher than other groups. There were no significant differences in macronutrient composition but the lipid composition of subjects was shown above $20\%$. Also, energy intakes of subjects were shown to be low; especially the below BMI 18.5 kg/$m^{2}$ group was very low ($55\%$ of RDA). Significantly positive correlation was found in BMR and body composition such as skeletal muscle & lean body mass, but significant correlation was not found in BMR and dietary macronutrients. Overall, researched energy metabolism factor was not different by BMI Only in the BMI 18.5 23 kg/$m^{2}$ (normal) group, significantly positive correlation was found in $VO_{2}$peak and body fat oxidation. Therefore, proper nutritional education for female college students is needed in order to improve their obesity-related health. Moreover, a nutritional survey method of finding diverse factors that affect their health should be developed to meet various needs.

• 원예과학기술지
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.275-281
• /
• 2013

Low temperature is one of the major environmental factors that affect productivity including reduced growth and budding of vines, and changes of metabolic processes in grape (Vitis spp.). To screen the specific expression of abiotic stress-related genes against cold treatment in 'Kyoho' and 'Campbell Early' grapevines, expression of various defense-related genes was investigated by RT-PCR and real-time PCR. Among the 67 genes analyzed by RT-PCR and real-time PCR, 17 and 16 types of cDNA were up-regulated, while 5 and 6 types were down-regulated in cold-treated 'Kyoho' and 'Campbell Early' grapevines, respectively. Genes encoding carotene (Cart3564 and Cart4472), chalcone isomerase (CHI), cytochrome P450 (CYP), flavonol synthase (FLS), endo-${\beta}$-glucanase precursor (Glu), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), leucine-rich repeats (LRR), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (PGIP), proline rich protein 2 (PRP2), small heat shock protein (sHSP), temperature induced lipocalin (TIL), and thaumatin-like protein (TLP) were up-regulated, while those encoding CBF like transcription factor (CBF1), chitinase-like protein (CLP), cold induced protein (CIP), glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were down-regulated by low temperature treatment in both in 'Kyoho' and 'Campbell Early'.