• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제65권6호
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• pp.707-719
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• 2018

In this article, a new method is introduced to improve the local search capability of meta-heuristic algorithms using the projection of the path on the border of constraints. In a mathematical point of view, the Gradient Projection Method is applied through a new approach, while the imposed limitations are removed. Accordingly, the gradient vector is replaced with a new meta-heuristic based vector. Besides, the active constraint identification algorithm, and the projection method are changed into less complex approaches. As a result, if a constraint is violated by an agent, a new path will be suggested to correct the direction of the agent's movement. The presented procedure includes three main steps: (1) the identification of the active constraint, (2) the neighboring point determination, and (3) the new direction and step length. Moreover, this method can be applied to some meta-heuristic algorithms. It increases the chance of convergence in the final phase of the search process, especially when the number of the violations of the constraints increases. The method is applied jointly with the authors' newly developed meta-heuristic algorithm, entitled Star Graph. The capability of the resulted hybrid method is examined using the optimal design of truss and frame structures. Eventually, the comparison of the results with other meta-heuristics of the literature shows that the hybrid method is successful in the global as well as local search.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.50-59
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• 2009

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of exercise therapy on physical function of patients with anklyosing spondylitis (AS) through the systemic review and meta-analysis. The 54 studies were identified from computerized search of published researches on PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PEDro, KISS, KERIS database until February, 2008 and review of reference lists. The main search terms were the combination "ankylosing spondylitis", "exercise", "spondyloarthropathy and exercise", "ankylosing spondylitis and physical therapy". The subgroup analysis was performed by the publication year, quality score, type of disease, content of intervention, intervention provider, type of intervention, method of intervention, intervention period and the point of outcome measured. Two reviewers independently selected trials for inclusion, assessed the quality and extracted the data. The result was as follows: The 10 trials were eligible for inclusion criteria, then the systematic review and meta-analysis was assessed on effectiveness of exercise therapy. The meta-analysis of 10 studies based on the random effect model showed that the exercise therapy was beneficial in treating the diseases (effect size .55; 95% confidence interval -.3.75~.61). The findings suggest that the exercise therapy would be appropriate to manage the physical function of AS with evidence based on Meta-analysis. Therefore, the exercise therapy supervised by physical therapist should be recognized as the essential approach to manage the AS and necessarily recommended to improve physical function.

• 자연과학논문집
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2005

The substituent dependence of geometric distortion through the two independent electronic substituent effects is analyzed for mono-substituted benzene derivatives of $C_{2v}$. Based on resonance structures, quantitative relationships expressing the resonance and field/inductive contribution terms in bond distortions are derived. The calculated field-effect parts of $C_{ipso}$_$C_{ortho}$ ring bonds increase and decrease compared to benzene for electropositive and electronegative substituents respectively. The nonbonded axial distance, $C_{ipso}$....$C_{para'}$ decreases for electronegative substituents and increases for electropositive substituents. As the electronegativity increases, the distance $C_{ortho}$....$C_{ortho'}$ increases. With the $\pi$-donors, $C_{meta}$....$C_{meta'}$ nonbonded distances are shorter compared to the ones of benzene, and for $\pi$-acceptors, the are longer. Our model based on valence bond approach predicts that the average bond length determined the area of ring, and the sum of the angles <$C_{ortho}$_$C_{ispo}$_$C_{ortho}$ and <$C_{meta}$_$C_{para}$_$C_{meta}$ determines the axial distance.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.2067-2081
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• 2024

Recently, image analysis research has been actively conducted due to the accumulation of big image data and the development of deep learning. Image analytics research has different characteristics from other data such as data size, real-time, image quality diversity, structural complexity, and security issues. In addition, a large amount of data is required to effectively analyze images with deep-learning models. However, in many fields, the data that can be collected is limited, so there is a need for meta learning based image analysis technology that can effectively train models with a small amount of data. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of meta-learning-based object-tracking techniques. This approach comprehensively explores object tracking methods and research that can achieve high performance in data-limited situations, including key challenges and future directions. It provides useful information for researchers in the field and can provide insights into future research directions.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.191-198
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• 2024

This paper presents an alternative solution for applying MetaHuman facial animations using MediaPipe, providing a versatile option to the Live Link iPhone system. Our approach involves capturing facial expressions with various camera devices, including webcams, laptop cameras, and Android phones, processing the data for landmark detection, and applying these landmarks in Unreal Engine Blueprint to animate MetaHuman characters in real-time. Techniques such as the Eye Aspect Ratio (EAR) for blink detection and the One Euro Filter for data smoothing ensure accurate and responsive animations. Experimental results demonstrate that our system provides a cost-effective and flexible alternative for iPhone non-users, enhancing the accessibility of advanced facial capture technology for applications in digital media and interactive environments. This research offers a practical and adaptable method for real-time facial animation, with future improvements aimed at integrating more sophisticated emotion detection features.

• 한국언어정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국언어정보학회 1986년도 Seoul Papers in Formal Garmmar Theory II = Proceedings of the Fifth Korean-Japanese Joint Workshop
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• pp.1-38
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• 1986

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제41권
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• pp.3.1-3.9
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• 2019

Background: The infratemporal fossa (ITF) is an anatomical lateral skull base space composed by the zygoma, temporal, and the greater wing of the sphenoid bone. Due to its difficult approach, surgical intervention at the ITF has remained a heavy burden to surgeons. The aim of this article is to review basic skull base approaches and ITF structures and to avoid severe complications based on the accurate surgical knowledge. Methods: A search of the recent literature using MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, Cochrane Library, and other online tools was executed using the following keyword combinations: infratemporal fossa, subtemporal fossa, transzygomatic approach, orbitozygomatic approach, transmaxillary approach, facial translocation approach, midface degloving, zygomatico-transmandibular approach, and lateral skull base. Aside from our Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) trial, there have been very few randomized controlled trials. The search data for this review are summarized based on the authors' diverse clinical experiences. Results: We divided our results based on representative skull base approaches and the anatomy of the ITF. Basic approaches to the ITF include endoscopic endonasal, transzygomatic, orbitozygomatic, zygomatico-transmandibular, transmaxillary, facial translocation, and the midfacial degloving approach. The borders and inner structures of the ITF (with basic lateral skull base dissection schemes) are summarized, and the modified zygomatico-transmandibular approach (ZTMA) is described in detail. Conclusions: An anatomical basic knowledge would be required for the appropriate management of the ITF pathology for diverse specialized doctors, including maxillofacial, plastic, and vascular surgeons. The ITF approach, in conjunction with the application of microsurgical techniques and improved perioperative care, has permitted significant advances and successful curative outcomes for patients having malignancy in ITF.

• 한국전자거래학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.235-249
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• 2007

워크플로우 시스템은 긴 주기의 프로세스의 실행을 통제하는 소프트웨어 시스템이다. 조직의 구성원들이 프로세스의 실행을 담당하는데, 프로세스의 특정 부분을 누가 수행하는가를 결정하는 작업할당 정책이 워크플로우 시스템에 설계 및 구현되어 있어야한다. 여러 조직들의 작업할당에는 매우 다양한 문제들이 있을 수 있어서, 다양한 여러 문제들을 다 포괄하는 하나의 모델을 고안하는 것은 가능하지 않을 것이다. 본 논문에서는 워크플로우 시스템에서의 작업할당 정책에 대한 보편적인 설계 방법으로서, 각 조직에 주어진 임의의 고려할 사항들에서부터 작업할당 정책들을 정의하기 위한 메타 모델 기반 접근 방법을 제시한다.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.176-182
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• 2024

Looking at the recent game market, classic games released in the past are being re-released with high-quality visuals, and users are generally satisfied. It can be said that the realization of realistic digital actors, which was not possible in the past, is now becoming a reality. Epic Games launched the MetaHuman Creator website in September 2021, allowing anyone to easily create realistic human characters. Since then, the number of animations created using MetaHumans has been increasing. As the characters become more realistic, the movement and expression animations expected by the audience must also be convincingly realized. Until recently, traditional methods were the primary approach for producing realistic character animations. For facial animation, Epic Games introduced an improved method on the Live Link app in 2023, which provides the highest quality among mobile-based techniques. In this context, this paper compares the results of animation produced using both keyframe facial capture and mobile-based capture. After creating an emotional expression animation with four sentences, the results were compared using Unreal Engine. While the facial capture method is more natural and easier to use, the precise and exaggerated expressions possible with the keyframe method cannot be overlooked, suggesting that a hybrid approach using both methods will likely continue for the foreseeable future.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.5.1-5.22
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• 2023

This systematic review and network meta-analysis aimed to answer the following focused research question: "Does the type of endodontic sealer affect the postoperative pain in patients who received endodontic treatment?" Different databases and grey literature were surveyed. Only one randomized controlled trial were included. The risk of bias in the studies was evaluated by using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to compare the risk and intensity of postoperative pain. The quality of the body of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. Out of 11,601 studies, 15 remained for qualitative analyses and 12 for meta-analysis. Seven studies were classified at high risk of bias, and 8 studies raised some concerns. No significant differences between the endodontic materials were observed in the direct comparisons, both in risk and in intensity of postoperative pain (pairwise comparisons with 2 studies: I² = 0%; p > 0.05 and 8 studies: I² = 23%; p > 0.05, respectively). The certainty of the evidence was graded as low or moderate. There was no difference in the risk and intensity of postoperative pain after filling with different endodontic sealers. Further systematic reviews should be conducted.