• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2004

목 적: 급성 비특이성 장간막 림프절염(acute nonspecific mesenteric lymphadenitis, ANML)은 타 질환이 적절히 배제되었을 때 임상적 추정으로 진단하는 경우가 많아 그 실체에 대하여는 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 특히 급성 충수 돌기염(acute appendicitis, APPE)과의 감별에 혼란을 주어 복막염 등으로 이행되는 경우가 드물지 않다. ANML의 임상 소견을 보고하고, 특히 APPE와의 감별시 도움을 줄 수 있는 접근 방식을 연구하고자 한다. 방 법: 2000년 11월부터 2001년 5월까지 대구시 한영한마음연합소아과의원으로 급성 복통을 주소로 내원하여 ANML로 진단된 26명(남녀비 13:13)을, APPE 환자는 같은 기간 대구가톨릭대학병원을 방문하여 수술받은 21명(남녀비 12:9)을 대상으로 하였다. ANML 환자들은 복부 초음파 검사상 10 mm 이상, 5개 이상의 장간막 림프절이 관찰되면서 회장, 대장의 장벽 비후 소견이 5 mm를 넘지 않고 염증성 충수돌기가 관찰되지 않으며, 말초 혈액 검사, 소변 검사, 대변 검사상 타 질환을 의심할 소견이 없는 등을 진단기준으로 설정하였다. 결 과: 1) ANML군의 진단 당시 연령은 1~11세, $5.2{\pm}2.3$세였다. 2) ANML군의 복통 양상은 21례(80%)에서 야간 복통이 있었고, 위치는 배꼽 주위부 20례(76%), 우하복부 3례(11%), 하복부 3례(11%)였다. 2례(7%)에서 복부 강직이 있었고, 반발 압통은 전례에서 없었다. APPE군에서는 전례에서 야간 복통이 있었고, 17례(80%)에서 복부 강직이, 16례(76%)에서 반발 압통이 관찰되어 ANML군과 각각 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 3) ANML군에서 복통의 회복까지 걸린 시간은 2~4일, $2.5{\pm}0.5$일이었다. 4) ANML군 10례(38%)에서 구토를 보였고 1~3회/일, $1.5{\pm}0.7$회/일이었다. 설사는 17례(65%)에서 있었고 1~4회/일, $1.6{\pm}0.8$회였다. APPE군 19례(90%)에서 구토가 있었으며 1~10회/일, $4.5{\pm}2.9$회로 ANML군과 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). APPE군의 설사는 6례(28%)에서 있었으며 1~5회/일, $2.1{\pm}1.6$회이었다. 5) ANML군에서 열은 19례(73%)에서 있었고, 말초혈액 백혈구 수는 $5,900{\sim}12,300/mm^3$이었으며 평균 $8,403{\pm}1,737/mm^3$이었다. APPE군에서는 열은 16례(76%)에서 관찰되었으며 백혈구 수는 $5,400{\sim}20,800/mm^3$으로 평균 $15,471{\pm}3,749/mm^3$이었으며 ANML군과는 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 6) 판별분석을 이용하여 하루 구토의 강도와 백혈구 수를 독립변수로 하였을 때 ANML과 APPE는 95.7% 수준으로 분류되었다. 결 론: ANML과 APPE의 감별 시 복부강직, 반동압통 등 급성복증의 소견이 의심될 때 뿐만 아니라, 복통이 3일을 초과하여 지속되거나, 하루 구토가 3회를 초과하는 경우, 말초혈액검사상 백혈구 수가 $13,500/mm^3$ 이상을 보일 때에도 반드시 복부초음파 검사를 이용하여 APPE를 확인하여야 한다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.136-144
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• 2003

Oral administration of antigen has long been considered as a promising alternative for the treatment of chronic autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and oral application of type II collagen (CII) has been proven to improve pathogenic symptoms in RA patients without problematic side effects. To further current understandings about the immune suppression mechanisms mediated by orally administered antigens, we examined the changes in IgG subtypes, T-cell proliferative response, and proportion of interleukin (IL)-10 producing Th subsets in a time course study of collagen induced arthritis (CIA) animal models. We found that joint inflammation in CIA mouse peaked at 5 weeks after first immunization with CII, which was significantly subdued in mice pre-treated by repeated oral administration of CII. Orally tolerized mice also showed increase in their serum level of IgG1, while the level of IgG2a was decreased. T-cell proliferation upon CII stimulation was also suppressed in lymph nodes of mice given oral administration of CII compared to non-tolerized controls. When cultured in vitro in the presence of CII, T-cells isolated from orally tolerized mice presented higher proportion of $CD4^+IL-10^+$ subsets compared to non-tolerized controls. Interestingly, such increase in IL-10 producing cells were obvious first in Peyer's patch, then by 5 weeks after immunization, in mesenteric lymph node and spleen instead. This result indicates that a particular subset of T-cells with immune suppressive functions might have migrated from the original contact site with CII to inflamed joints via peripheral blood after 5 weeks post immunization.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.226-232
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• 2014

8개월령의 단모종 집고양이가 감소된 식욕과 활력 저하로 내원하였다. 진단을 위한 영상 검사에서 종격동의 종괴와 종격동 림프절의 비대 소견을 확인할 수 있었다. 이어서 진행한 세침흡인술 검사로, 악성 림프구를 다수 확인할 수 있었으며, 이 고양이는 다발성 림프종 (병기 V-b)로 진단되었다. 치료는 COP 프로토콜을 사용하였으며, 완전 완화를 확인할 수 있었지만, 항암 치료를 시작한 후 314일 째 재발과 함께 중추신경계로 전이된 소견을 확인할 수 있었다. 구조화학 요법을 실시하여, 단기적으로는 임상증상의 큰 개선을 확인할 수 있었지만, 부분완화만이 관찰되었으며, 처음 내원 부터 약 383일 정도 생존하였다. 부검과 조직병리학적 검사를 통해, 다발성의 T 세포 림프종으로 확인하였으며, 뇌에서도 병변을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.429-438
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• 2018

Objective: Although the efficacy of Rubus coreanus (RC) byproducts as a feed additive has been recognized, its effects on intestinal microorganisms and the immune system are still unknown. Methods: Six-week-old male rats were treated with 0.5% RC (T1), 1.0% RC (T2), and 1.5% RC (T3) for 4 weeks. Results: We found that treatment with RC byproducts significantly increased the daily gain of body weight and feed intake. Treg-cell differentiation was enhanced in the mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen from the rats fed with RC byproducts. Illumina sequencing showed that bacteria in the phylum Firmicutes decreased and while those in the phylum Bacteroidetes increased in RC-treated groups. Particularly, the pathogenic microorganisms in the family Peptococcaceae decreased, and the non-pathogenic families Lachnospiraceae and S24-7 increased. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the RC byproducts increased the lactic acid bacteria Bifidobacterium spp., Oscillospira spp., Leuconostoc citreum, and Weissella cibaria in a concentration-dependent manner. Conclusion: RC byproducts may be effective in immunomodulation by affecting intestinal microorganisms.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.38-44
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• 2014

K/BxN serum can transfer arthritis to normal mice owing to the abundant autoantibodies it contains, which trigger innate inflammatory cascades in joints. Little is known about whether gut-residing microbes affect host susceptibility to autoantibody-mediated arthritis. To address this, we fed C57BL/6 mice with water containing a mixture of antibiotics (ampicillin, vancomycin, neomycin, and metronidazol) for 2 weeks and then injected them with K/BxN serum. Antibiotic treatment significantly reduced the amount of bacterial genomic DNA isolated from fecal samples, in particular a gene encoding 16S ribosomal RNA derived from segmented filamentous bacteria. Arthritic signs, as indicated by the arthritic index and ankle thickness, were significantly attenuated in antibiotic-treated mice compared with untreated controls. Peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph nodes from antibiotic-treated mice contained fewer IL-17-expressing cells than those from untreated mice. Antibiotic treatment reduced serum C3 deposition in vitro via the alternative complement pathway. IL-$17^{-/-}$ congenic C57BL/6 mice were less susceptible to K/BxN serum-transferred arthritis than their wild-type littermates, but were still responsive to treatment with antibiotics. These results suggest that gut-residing microbes, including segmented filamentous bacteria, induce IL-17 production in GALT and complement activation via the alternative complement pathway, which cause the host to be more susceptible to autoantibody-mediated arthritis.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.273-276
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• 2013

Two Korean black goat (approx. 2 and 3 years old) showing diarrhea and chronic weight loss were submitted to Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency. At necropsy, there were thickening of small intestine and enlargement of mesenteric lymph nodes. Microscopically, they had granulomatous enteritis in the small and large intestine and granulomatous lymphadenitis. By polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and acid fast stain, strong positive reaction and acid-fast rod bacteria were detected. According to the result of histopathology and PCR, we confirmed this case as Johne's disease. As far as we know, this is the first report of Johne's disease in Korean black goat.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.315-319
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• 2007

Fibrinopurulent peritonitis and abdominal abscesses associated with Streptococcus (S.) equi subsp. zooepidemicus is reported in a 1-year-old female thoroughbred horse. The horse died after showing 5-day history of the cold, severe abdominal distention, abdominal breathing, hyperthermia, anorexia, and loss of intestinal sound. At necropsy, several liters of turbid yellowish green fluid were seen in the abdominal cavity. Yellowish creamy and fibrinous or bloody materials were presented on the serosa of various abdominal organs that were intensively adhered with each other. Spleen and mesenteric lymph node were remarkably enlarged. Affected lobes of the lung showed severe congestion, hemorrhage and doughy consistency. Histologically, the lung showed hemorrhagic pneumonia with diffuse congestion and edema. Severe diffuse fibrinopurulent peritonitis with Gram-positive bacterial cocci and adjacent fibrosis were showed in the serosa of various abdominal organs such as liver, spleen, stomach, and intestine. And multifocal abscess pouches were presented in the granulation tissue of abdominal viscera. S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus was isolated from the peritoneal swab, abdominal organs, and lung. Hematogenous dissemination of bacteria from hemorrhagic pneumonia is proposed as the route of infection in this case.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.475-484
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• 2008

A year round study was carried out to investigate the etiology, clinical signs, postmortem lesions and occurrence of naturally occurring enterotoxaemia in Black Bengal goats. Sixteen goats of different age and sex died in different seasons with sigh associated with enterotoxaemia made the materials of this study. Accidental access to large amount of concentrate was noted as one of the predisposing factors although few cases were reported to occur without known diet change. Younger animals(50%) and males(62.50%) were found more prone to the disease and it was likely to be more prevalent during winter(50%) followed by at rainy season(31.25%) and summer(18.75%). Diarrhoea(81.25%), dullness(56.25%), drooping of the ears(50%), anorexia(43.75%) were recorded as major clinical signs whereas enterocolitis(100%), lung edema(87.50%), fluid filled intestines(87.50%), enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes(56.52%) etc. were most common post mortem lesions found. A few cases showed lesions on heart(31.25%), brain(25%) and/or liver/spleen(18.75%) but no lesion was found on kidney. Thus the so called 'pulpy kidney' lesion was absent. Intestinal contents were subjected to conventional bacteriological culture based methods to identify the causal agents. Based on the morphological, cultural and biochemical properties the causal agent was identified as Clostridium perfringens. Despite the study was carried out at certain area it showed a clear picture of goat enterotoxaemia in terms of etiology, clinical signs, postmortem lesions and occurrence of goat enterotoxaemia in Bangladesh.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.1267-1274
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• 2004

Colostrum contains various kinds of cytokines including TGF-$\beta$ that has potent regulatory effects on cells of the immune system. We compared the levels of TGF-$\beta$1 and TGF-$\beta$2 in bovine and human colostrum. Based on the isoform-specific ELISA, bovine colostrum collected on day 1 post-delivery retained $53.71{\pm}29.55\;ng/ml$ of TGF-$\beta$1 and $40.41{\pm}21.78\;{\mu}g/ml$ of TGF-$\beta$2 (n=4), while in human, $381.45{\pm}158.24\;ng/ml$ of TGF-$\beta$1 and $41.47{\pm}9.63\;ng/ml$ of TGF-$\beta$2 (n=5). Thus, dominant TGF-$\beta$ isoforms were completely opposite between human and bovine colostrum samples. The concentrations of both isoforms declined as lactation proceeded. Biological activities of the colostrum samples were determined using an MV1LU cell line. Consistent with the result from the immunoassay, TGF-$\beta$1 in human and TGF-$\beta$2 in bovine colostrum were responsible for the anti proliferative activity against MV1LU cells. Furthermore, bovine colostrum increased IgA secretion by LPS-stimulated mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cells, and this effect was abrogated by either anti­TGF-$\beta$2 antibody or combined anti-TGF-$\beta$1/$\beta$2 antibody, but not by anti- TGF-$\beta$1 antibody alone. Similarly, TGF-$\beta$2 in bovine colostrum enhanced the Ig germ line (GL) promoter activity, which is the earliest event toward IgA isotype switching. Taken together, these results suggest that TGF-$\beta$ isoforms, differentially expressed in human and bovine colostrum, may promote IgA isotype production in the neonatal intestine.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.309-316
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• 2006

This is a case report on the occurrence of caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE) disease among dairy goats in a local farm located in Yeongdong-gun, Chungbuk. Previously, it was reported that the farm experienced intermittent deaths numbering 15 of the 97 goats raised for 5 months. Most of the goats less than 6 months of age were suffering from ataxia and posterior paresis, body tremor and abnormal head posterior. Affected animals frequently had stunted growth and had a rough coat. Goats more than 6 months of age were affected with an insidious, chronic arthritis characterized by articular swelling ('big knee') of the carpal, hock, and stifle joints. Necropsy revealed severely swollen mesenteric lymph nodes, under- flow of 2-3ml synovial fluid in the articular space and fibrous proliferation of synovial membrane. Histopathological examination showed perivascular accumulations of mononuclear inflammatory cells in the white matter of the brain, proliferative synovitis characterized by villous hypertrophy, synovial cell hyperplasia and infiltration by mononuclear inflammatory cells. Pulmonary lesions consists of patchy interstitial pneumonia with hyperplasia of lymphoid tissues and an extensive mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltration into the alveolar septa. Confirmation by nested PCR involves amplification of a 296 bp (lst PCR) and 184 bp (2nd PCR) fragments corresponding to the gag region of the CAE virus. This is the first time CAE has been reported in a local farm in Korea and emphasizes the importances of developing preventive measures against CAE.