• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.259-277
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate two subjects: the diagnostic value of bilateral lowering of electrical activity at point H4,5,6 of Ryodoraku and the mechanism for Ryodoraku phenomena. Methods : Electrical activities of Ryodoraku test and electrogastrography recorded simultaneously and monitored continuously from 16 cases of functional dyspeptic patients were collected and their variations were grouped by the topics of discussion which were peculiarity, stability, lagging, alterability, and anomaly. Ryodoraku recordings obtained from 6 patients with different gastrointestinal diseases and 1 normal healthy person were used as control. The results are discussed with Nakatani's suggestion, theory of sympathetic nerve and Meridian Principle, respectively. Finely, coincidence of stomach arrangement between anatomy and meridian system in Ryodoraku was also evaluated. Results : Time-course variation showed a regular relationship between the typical pattern of Ryodoraku at point H4,5,6 and gastric myoelectrical activity. However, an irregular relationship and atypical pattern of Ryodoraku occasionally appeared. A literature search suggested that electrical response at the Ryodoraku point H4,5,6 may be dependent on an afferent sympathetic spinal reflex transmitted from the stomach. However, there was no evidence for making clear whether bilateral lowering of electrical activity at this point was induced by hypofunction of local sympathetic nerve in the skin itself or of signals transmitted from the gastric sympathetic nerve or not. The coincidence of 19% could not provide a visceral arrangement of the stomach between anatomy and meridian systems. Conclusions : Bilateral lowering of electrical activity at Ryodoraku point H4,5,6 has value as a diagnostic index for gastric dysmotility of functional dyspepsia. This phenomenon is associated with spinal reflex transmitted from the afferent sympathetic nerve in the stomach but not that of meridian function.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.119-131
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• 2002

In this paper, we studied Dongssi' acupuncture therapy via the consideration of development process of Oriental medicine in history. We investigated the distribution chart and naming of Dongssi' acupuncture point in human body, artificial selection principle of Dongssi' acupuncture point to therapy (選穴原則) on the various diseases, the therapy of pyo-bon (標本理論) and the therapy of Geun-Gyeal (根結理論) and compared GeoZa-principle (巨刺法) and MuZa-principle (繆刺法) with artificial selection principle of Dongssi' acupuncture point. And we also studied the acupuncture therapy of DongGi (動氣鍼法), DoMa (倒馬鍼法) and SaeIn (索引鍼法), which is the unique principle in Dongssi' acupuncture theraphy, to consider with the other Oriental medicine theory which is the theory of ZangSang (臟象學說) and BiWi (脾胃學說) etc. Our desire in this study is the giving aid to treatment diseases with the acupuncture therapy in Oriental medicine.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.69-82
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• 2004

Objectives : In the present study, the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) applied to hand yang meridian on the ankle sprain model was examined. Methods & Results : A common source of persistent pain in humans is the lateral ankle sprain. To model this condition, the rat's right ankle was bent repeatedly, overextending lateral ligaments, for 4 min under halothane anesthesia. The rat subsequently showed swelling of the ankle and a reduced stepping force of the affected limb for the next several days. The reduced stepping force of the limb was presumably due to a painful ankle. EA was applied to the several acupuncture point on the contralateral forelimb for 30 min under gaseous anesthesia. After the termination of EA, behavioral tests measuring stepping force were periodically conducted during the next 4 h. EA applied to SI-6 point produced a significant improvement of stepping force of the sprained foot lasting for at least 2 h. However, neigher LI-4 point nor TE-3 point produced any significant increase of weight bearing force. The improvement of stepping pressure was interpreted as an analgesic effect. The analgesic effect was specific to the acupuncture point since the analgesic effect on the ankle sprain pain model could not be mimicked by EA applied to a nearby point, LI-4 or TE-3. The analgesic effect of EA applied to SI-6 was more powerful when EA was applied by low-frequency and high-intensity stimulation. In addition, this effect need to be stimulated more than 15 min. Conclusions : These data suggest that EA produces a potent analgesic effect on the ankle sprain pain model in the rat. This analgesic effect is produced by applying EA to a Tae-Yang meridian at opposite side from the painful area in a stimulus point-specific way.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2011

Objectives : This study aimed to explore the passive multi-channel time series analysis method by measuring bio-potentials of acupuncture point and the peripheral region Methods : Bio-potential was measured at ST36 and the peripherical region of ST36 of 5 healthy volunteers at three times. The diagram of the potential changes over time were smoothed by moving average method and similarities of ST36 and the other points were calculated. Results : In the normal weight group, bio-potential similarity tended to decrease in proportion to the distance from the acupuncture point. In the obesity group, bio-potential similarity appeared in a very wide area. Bio-potential similarity had positive correlation with BMI value. Conclusions : The passive multi-channel time series analysis method showed the possibility be appropriate for the electrical characteristics study of meridians.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.422-429
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• 2009

Meridian which used as the basic theory of acupuncture treatment, is an important functional connection system of acupuncture point in oriental medicine. Yangdorak and EAV have lack of precision because of using 2-electrode method, occurring high non-uniformed current density and electrode contact status on electrode placement spot. Therefore we implemented a meridian impedance measurement system for measuring meridian impedance using 4-electrode method. In order to confirm the precision of developed system, we made an constant current characteristic experiment using standard resistor. As a results of clinical study with 18 subjects, the meridian impedance showed that reproductivity and repeatability of HT7 acupuncture point are $0.515[k{\Omega}]{\pm}0.000$(mean${\pm}$standard deviation) and $0.515[k{\Omega}]{\pm}0.002$, respectively. And reproductivity and repeatability of PC7 are $0.521[k{\Omega}]{\pm}0.000$ and $0.521[{\Omega}]{\pm}0.001$ respectively. The proposed system was stable and reliable. Therefore this study proved AC impedance method to valid in measuring meridian impedance, and also verified precision and repeatability of the proposed meridian impedance measurement system. The proposed system will serve as more effective method of measuring meridian phenomena as a bioelectric signal in clinical practice.

• 척추신경추나의학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.211-223
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• 2009

Objectives : The aim of this research is to analyze the current trend of the studies about eridian muscle and to provide background for further studies. Methods : Reviewing 33 domestic oriental medical studies about meridian muscle, and comparative analysis was made. These studies were classified by method, theme and subtitle. Results : 1. According to the classification by study method, number of literary studies are 22(67%), which is more than half, number of experimental studies are 5(15%) and clinical studies are 6(18%). 2. According to the classification by study theme in literary study, percentage of 'Structure amp; Movement of Meridian Muscle' took 64%, Theory study of Meridian Muscle' took 14%, 'Application of Concept of Meridian Muscle' took 14%, 'Treatment of Meridian Muscle disorder' took 9% arranged in order. 3. In 'Theory study of Meridian Muscle', there were not only literary approaches but also Deficiency-Excessiveness(虛實) and historical approaches. Study about 'Structure & Movement of Meridian Muscle' includes analysis of muscle and Myofascial pain syndrome. On this background, it is necessary to recognize the linkage and motion analysis of Meridian Muscle. Therefore, studies were changed into interpretation about Anatomy trains, analysis of motion. The study about 'Treatment of Meridian Muscle disorder' provided the various treatment method-Acupuncture, Manual therapy, Ashi(阿是)-point therapy, CHUNA therapy etc.- in literary study. The study about the 'Application of Concept of Meridian Muscle' has been performed in relation to Embedding Therapy, Kyungkuen chuna, Ki-gong therapy. 4. Experimental Studies were all Anatomical Studies. Studies were done in trial of discovering the actual existence, but revealed problem in interpretating the meaning of Meridian Muscle. 5. Clinical Studies based on Ashi(阿是)-point therapy CHUNA Muscles Along Meridians Release Therapy etc, were performed. Experimental studies about Meridian Muscle were assessed as low grade according to Jadad Scale. There were no studies which were based on well-organized Meridian Muscle theory. Conclusions : There needs to be more discussion about concept of Meridian Muscle and proceed more reliable experimental studies with organized Meridian Muscle theory. Further objective studies about treatment of Meridian Muscle should be done.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.56-65
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of laser acupuncture to the 830 nm on the five transport points with the spleen meridian for treatment to intestinal disease in rat with dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis. Methods : Colitis was induced by DSS for 20 days. The laser therapy on the five transport points of spleen meridian (Laser Well Point-SP1(L-WE), Laser Brook Point-SP2(L-BR), Laser Stream Point-SP3(L-ST), Laser River Point-SP5(L-RI) and Laser Sea Point-SP9(L-SE) was practiced twice a week for 5 times. Colon length was measured using a measuring point. Histological evaluation of colitis was conducted by hematoxylin and eosin(H&E) staining. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was determined using western blotting and quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Results: Colon length increased significantly L-BR and L-ST points after 5 times of therapy. Damage to the colonic mucosa is an integral feature of the DSS model, so control colonic mucosa tissue was damaged in the areas of ulceration resulting in complete epithelial loss. However histological damage decreased on the epithelial lining at all points. Cyclooxygenase(COX)-2 concentrations decreased in all points groups and Interferon(IFN)-${\gamma}$ increased in L-WE, L-BR, L-RI and L-SE points but L-ST was decreased when compared with control. White blood cell(WBC) and neutrophils(NE) decreased after the fifth acupuncture on the all points. But hemoglobin(HGB) increased after the fifth acupuncture on the L-WE, L-BR, L-ST and L-RI points. Also Mean corpuscular hemoglobin(MCH) and Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration(MCHC) decreased after the fifth acupuncture on the all points. Conclusions: The present study indicated that five transport points of the spleen meridian can prevent the development of DSS-induced colitis in rat. Thereby suggesting that should be available for decreasing DSS-induced inflammation in a colonic mucosa of tissue.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.71-85
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• 2008

Objective : Acupuncture, one of the Oriental medical treatment techniques in East Asia, is growing in popularity all over the world. Based on bibliographical and clinical data, the depth of needling, i.e. superficial or deep needling, has been considered to be a variable as potential modifiers of needling effects, such as localization, manipulation of the needle, or elicitation of DeQi. The purpose of this review is to summarize clinical trials using minimal acupuncture and to evaluate its appropriateness as a control. Methods : A survey of computerized literature searches for randomized controlled trials using minimal acupuncture revealed that a total of 10 studies were published until April 2008. Results : Results obtained from clinical trials showed that acupuncture were more effective than minimal acupuncture in 3 out of 10 trials, while others were no more effective than control. However, minimal acupuncture might neither be a inert placebo nor be indiscriminable. Conclusion : Minimal acupuncture as 'placebo' controls seems misleading and scientifically unacceptable.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.45-59
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• 2007

Objectives : The aim of this study was to show the rationale of point-selection on the methods of acupuncture and moxibustion in the Qi section(in the Naegyeong chapter) of the Donguibogam. Methods : First, We summarized the cause of each disease in the Qi section(in the Naegyeong chapter) of the Donguibogam. Then, We explained the rationale of acupuncture point-selection referring to the cause of disease, physiology of the Oriental medicine, other uses of each acupuncture points in the Donguibogam, character of each acupuncture points, flow of meridian pathways and specific acupuncture points etc. Results and Conclusions : Total 37 acupuncture points were used in the Qi section(in the Naegyeong chapter) of the Donguibogam. Most of acupuncture points were specific acupuncture points. but, some rationale of acupuncture point-selection were explained by the cause of disease, physiology of the Oriental medicine, other uses of each acupuncture points in the Donguibogam, flow of meridian pathways etc.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2007

Objectives : The aim of this study was to show the rationale of point-selection on the methods of acupuncture and moxibustion in the Phlegm section(in the Naegyeong chapter) of the Donguibogam. Methods : First, We summarized the cause of each disease in the Phlegm section(in the Naegyeong chapter) of the Donguibogam. Then, We explained the rationale of acupuncture point-selection referring to the cause of disease, physiology of the Oriental medicine, other uses of each acupuncture points in the Donguibogam, character of each acupuncture points, flow of meridian pathways and specific acupuncture points etc. Results and Conclusions : Total 9 acupuncture points were used in the Phlegm section(in the Naegyeong chapter) of the Donguibogam. Most of acupuncture points were specific acupuncture points. But, some rationale of acupuncture point-selection were explained by the cause of disease, physiology of the Oriental medicine, other uses of each acupuncture points in the Donguibogam, flow of meridian pathways etc.