• 한국패류학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.131-141
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• 1997

전북 김제시 심포에서 1994년 1월부터 12월까지 월별로 채집된 백합 Meretrix lusoria의 생식세포형성과정 및 생식주기를 , 조직학적으로 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 백합은 자웅이체이고 난생을 하며, 생식소는 내장낭의 간중장선의 하부로부터 족부의 근육부근까지 분포하며, 성숙되면 팽대되지만 방란, 방정 후에는 위축된다. 생식소는 많은 난자형성여포들과 정자형셩여포들로 구성되어 있다. 여포에는 호산성 세포와 미분화간충직들이 들어 있는데, 이들은 초기 생식세포의 영양물질로 제공되고 있으며, 생식소가 발달함에 따라 점차 소실된다. 초기활성기의 난원세포는 직경 10$\mu\textrm{m}$ 내외이며, 초기 난모세포는 난병을 여포벽에 부착한 채 성장을 하여 70$\mu\textrm{m}$ 내외의 완숙란으로 된다. 정원세포가 성장을 하여 정보세포, 정세포를 거쳐 변태를 마친 정자는, 정자형성소낭의 중앙 내강에 정자속을 형성한다. 방란, 방정을 마친 생식소는, 일부 미방출된 생식세포가 퇴화 흡수되면서 비활성기를 지나 이듬해 수온상승과 더불어 새로운 발달을 시작한다. 생식주기는 연속적인 5단계로 구분할 수 있는데, 초기 활성기(1-3월), 후기 활성디 (2-5월), 완숙기(4-8월), 부분 방출기(6-9월), 퇴화 및 비활성기(9-2월)로 구분할 수 있다. 산란은 6월 (22$^{\circ}C$)부터 9월 ($25^{\circ}C$)까지 지속되지만, 산란성기는 7월(27$^{\circ}C$)-8월(28$^{\circ}C$)이다. 생식소지수는 1월에 0.58을 나타내며 5월에 4.60으로 최대값을 나타낸 후, 6월부터 점차 감소하기 시작하여 12월과 1월에는 1.0미만에 머무른다.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.81-93
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• 2005

Reproductive cycle with the gonadal phases, first sexual maturity, artificial spawning amount by the size and spawning interval of the hard clam, Meretrix lusoria were investigated by histological observations and morphometric data by artificial spawning induction. Meretrix lusoria is dioecious and oviparous. The reproductive cycle of this species can be classified into five successive stages: early active stage (January to March), late active stage (February to May), ripe stage (April to August), partially spawned stage (June to September), and spent/inactive stage (September to February). The spawning period was from June to September, and the main spawning occurred between July and August when the seawater temperature exceeds over $20^{\circ}C$. Percentage of first sexual maturity of female and male clams ranging from 40.0 to 45.0 mm in shell length was over 50%, and all clams over 50.0 mm in shell length sexually matured. Female and male clams ranging from 40.0 to 45.0 mm in shell length are considered to be two years old. Therefore, we assume that the hard clams of both sexes begin reproduction from two years of age. The mean number of the spawned eggs increased with the increase of size (shell length) classes. In case of artificial spawning induction, the number of spawned eggs from the clams of a sized class was gradually decreased with the increase of the number of the spawning frequencies (the first, second, and third spawnings). In the experiments of artificial spawning induction during the spawning season, the interval of each spawning was estimated to be 15-18 days (average 17 days).

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.175-180
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• 2011

본 연구는 말백합의 안정적인 인공종묘생산을 위해 먹이생물의 종류 및 공급량을 조사하였고, 일정기간 절식 후 먹이생물의 재공급에 따른 영향을 관찰하였다. 유생의 먹이생물은 I. galbana, C. calcitrans, N. oculata를 혼합하거나 단독으로 공급할 경우 C. calcitrans를 D형 유생 1개체당 3,000-5,000 세포를 공급하는 것이 가장 효과적이었다. D형 유생을 일정기간 절식 후 먹이생물을 공급한 경우 먹이생물을 공급한 시점부터 4일째에 평균각장 $192.5{\mu}m$ 이상의 침착기 유생으로 성장하였다. 생존율은 절식기간이 길수록 낮아지는 경향을 보였다.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.171-181
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• 2004

백합 과 (family Veneridae) 패류, Saxidomus purpuratus (개조개), Meretrix lusoria (백합), Meretrix petechialis (말백합), Pitar sulfureum (쇠백합), Ruditapes philippinarum (바지락), Ruditapes variegata (애기바지락), Gomphina aequilatera (대복), Cyclina sinensis (가무락), Dosinella corrugata (주름떡조개) 등 9종과 outgroup으로 Corbicula fluminea (재첩) 를 이용하여 primer로 017 (5'-GGTCAACAAATCATAAAGATATTGG-3'), 018 (5'-TAAACTTCAGGGTGACCAAAAAATCA-3') 를 사용하여 부분적인 mitochondrial cytochrome oxidaxe subunit Ⅰ 유전자에 대한 염기서열을 얻었다. 이밖에도 GenBank에 보고된 Meretrix lamarki, Ruditapes philippinarum, Mercenaria mercenaria 등 3 종에 대한 mCOI 염기서열을 얻어서 maximum parsimony와 neighbor-joining방법으로 분석을 시행하였다. samarangiinae에 속한 3종의 패류 (Ruditapes philippinarum, Ruditapes variegata, Gomphina aequilatera)는 단계통을 보였다. Meretrix lusoria와 M. petechialis는 동일 조상을 갖고 있었으며 Pitarinae에 속한 Saxidomus purpuratus와 CYclinae에 속한 Cyclina sinensis와 동일 조상을 갖는 종들로 나타났다. Pitarinae의 Pitar sulfureum 과 Saxidomus purpuratus는 각기 다른 분지를 이루고 있었다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.247-254
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• 2010

Single cell PCR analysis and light and scanning electron microscopic techniques were utilized to identify free living bivalve larvae in the coastal waters of Tae-an, on the west coast of Korea. Through DNA sequencing, venerid clam larvae were isolated and identified as Ruditapes philippinarum (99% similarity) and Meretrix lusoria (99%). Under microscopic observation, the D-veliger stage of R. philippinarum exhibited symmetrical shoulder angles and an elliptical ventral form. In contrast, M. lusoria displayed asymmetrical shoulder angles and a round ventral form in the umbonal stage. Size of the R. philippinarum larvae was $156{\pm}22{\mu}m$ in length, $126{\pm}12{\mu}m$ in height, $92{\pm}14{\mu}m$ in width with a length: height ratio of 1.23. Meretrix lusoria was $202{\pm}44{\mu}m$ in length, $161{\pm}35{\mu}m$ in height, $96{\pm}38{\mu}m$ in width with a length: height ratio of 1.25. Experimental results indicate that morphological and molecular characteristics provide evidence for the larval identification of these two venerid clam larvae species in nature.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.47-51
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• 2012

Genomic DNAs (gDNAs) were isolated from the hard clam ($Meretrix$ $lusoria$, Roding, 1798) populations of Gunsan located in the Yellow Sea of the Korean peninsula. Genetic distances among different individuals of the LSCP (light shell color population) population of the hard clam (lane 1-11), GSCP (grey shell color population) population of the hard clam (lane 12-22) and DSCP (dark shell color population) population of the hard clam (lane 23-33), respectively, were generated using Systat version 10 according to the bandsharing values and similarity matrix. The dendrogram, generated by seven reliable oligonucleotides primers, indicates 3 genetic clusters. LSCP population could be evidently discriminated with the other two populations among three populations. The longest genetic distance (0.801) was found to exist between individuals in the two populations, between individuals' no. 33 of the DSCP population and no. 06 of the LSCP population. The higher fragment sizes (>2,000 bp) are much more observed in the GSCP population. Three hard clam populations can be clearly distinguished, especially, by their morphological characters and PCR-based approach.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.115-124
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• 2006

Gonad index, spermatogenesis and the reproductive cycle of Meretrix petechialis were investigated by cytological, histological observations. Monthly changes in the gonad index coincides the gonadal development. The morphology of the spermatozoon had a primitive type and is similar to that of other bivalves having a short mid-piece with five to six mitochondria surrounding the centrioles. The morphology of the sperm nucleus type and the acrosome shape of this species were cylindrical type and cap-like shape, respectively. The spermatozoon was approximately 40-45 ${\mu}m$ in length including the sperm nucleus length (about 1.50 ${\mu}m$), acrosome length (0.60 ${\mu}m$) and tail flagellum. The axoneme of the tail flagellum consisted of nine pairs of microtubules at the periphery and a pair at the center. The axoneme of the sperm tail showed 9 + 2 microtubular arrangement. The spawning period was from June to September and the main spawning occurred from July to August when seawater temperatures were higher than $20^{\circ}C$. The reproductive cycle of this species could be categorized into five successive stages: early active stage (February to March), late active stage (February to May), ripe stage (April to July), partially spawned stage (June to September), and spent/inactive stage (September to February).

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.167-173
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• 2011

말백합의 채란 채정 후 경과시간에 따른 수정률과 D형 유생의 발생률은 채란 채정 직후 수정한 것이 가장 높았으며, 1시간 이후부터는 수정률과 발생률이 급격히 감소하였다. 수정란의 적정 발생수온은 $25-27^{\circ}C$였으며, $33^{\circ}C$에서는 정상적으로 발생되지 않았다. 수정란에서 D형 유생까지 발생소요시간은 $20^{\circ}C$에서 37시간 15분, $25^{\circ}C$에서 20시간 50분, $30^{\circ}C$에서 15시간 20분이었다. 초기 발생에 있어 난 발생이 정지하는 생물학적영도는 평균 $12.4^{\circ}C$로 나타났다. 수정란이 D형 유생으로 발생 가능한 염분은 20.0-37.5 psu, 적정염분은 27.5-32.5 psu였다. 발생률이 높은 수정란의 수용밀도는 사육수 1 mL당 40개 이하였다.

• 한국패류학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국패류학회 2000년도 추계 한국패류학회 학술발표회
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• pp.18-21
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• 2000

• 약학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.252-259
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• 1995

Isolation, purification and characterization of biophysicochemical properties of the three new lectins, MLA-I, MLA-II, MLA-III from the hemolymph of Meretrix lusoria have been reported previously. A series of immunochemical studies were investigated in this work. The three lectins were revealed as having partial identity each other by immunodiffusim and immunoelectrophoresis. These results suggest that MLA lectins are isolectins having similar biophysicochemical properties. Particularly, MLA-I proved to be a potent mitogen for murine splenic as well as human peripheral lymphocytes, and the optimum mitogenic dose were 62.5 and 1.95 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, respectively.