• Title/Summary/Keyword: Merchandise Management

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A Study on the Development of Souvenirs as Local Cultural Tourism Products - Focused on developing souvenir design - (지역 문화관광상품으로서의 기념품 개발 연구 - 기념품 디자인 개발 중심으로 -)

  • Hwang, Gyun-Jeong
    • Journal of Digital Convergence
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    • v.18 no.11
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    • pp.73-79
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    • 2020
  • With the recent strengthening of local autonomy and the recognition of the culture and tourism industry as a driving force for the fourth industrial revolution, the importance of research on the revitalization of the local culture and tourism industry is further emphasized. Thus, in this paper, the concept and type of local culture and tourism products were summarized and the research direction was presented through this. As a research method, the internal and external factors of the culture and tourism industry in Korea were used as the SWOT analysis method. In the text, three representative sites were selected and analyzed for the development of local cultural and tourism products, and Seoul, Jeju Island, and Gyeongju all found that they lacked local cultural and tourism products. It also found another value through its role of cultural development as well as the economic aspect of the development of cultural tourism products. In order to revitalize the local culture and tourism industry, which has become more important, the government proposed measures to promote differentiated creative products, efficient marketing, and legal security in various ways. In order for this study to be better data for researchers in the culture and tourism industry and related industries, research should be conducted with detailed surveys that could not be conducted due to various restrictions in the future.

A Study on the Aesthetics of death in Alexander McQueen's works (알렉산더 맥퀸(Alexander McQueen) 작품에 나타난 죽음의 미학)

  • Wang, Xin-yu;Kim, Hyun-joo
    • Journal of Digital Convergence
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    • v.18 no.5
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    • pp.455-463
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    • 2020
  • This researcher has sorted out the development process of death aesthetics contained in human art through advanced research. This research is a follow-up study of related research, which studies the aesthetic meaning of death in Alexander McQueen's fashion works. This study first classifies the aesthetic characteristics of death, and then analyzes and sorts out the aesthetics of death in Alexander McQueen's clothing works based on this. The results of this study are as follows: first, the aesthetic manifestations of death are divided into three categories: reproducibility, symbolic and religious. Among them, the representation of reproducibility includes the representation of real objects and the representation of virtual objects, and the symbolic performance includes two types of external performance and internal performance. Second, in Alexander McQueen's works, the reproducibility of death was mainly reflected by virtual stage scenes and costumes. Thirdly, the symbolic death is not only reflected in the skeletons and blood etc. directly related to the death of the body, but also in the various emotions and psychological states caused by the death. Fourth, the religious nature of death was represented in Alexander McQueen's works through such representative things as crosses and religious stories.

Korean consumers' attitudes towards organic labels and country-of-origin of organic foods

  • Lee, Hye-Kyoung;Cho, Young-Sang
    • Journal of Distribution Science
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.49-59
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    • 2011
  • Although the South Korean organic food market is in the infancy compared to other industrialized countries, Korean consumers'interest in organic food and retail stores devoting space to organic products have been rapidly increasing. Despite the fact of organic food popularity, the term "organic" is interpreted differently by individuals. As opposed to the US, Japan and the EU where have operated an integrated organic food labelling system, Korea has adopted complex organic labelling systems regulated by several different government bodies. As a result, complicated food labelling standards make consumers confused when purchasing organic foods. Furthermore, in terms of country of origin (COO), it is argued by a lot of researchers that COO effects vary from product to product and from country to country; moreover, other informational cues such as brand and price can influence COO effects. In modern society, COO labelling has been complicated, due to the sourcing, manufacturing and market locations of merchandise spread over the world. Accordingly, the evaluation of COO effects has become complex. In order to examine these issues, a quantitative research was selected to classify the commonfeatures of organic food consumers and construct statistics such as the extent to which people are aware of organic food and COO labellingvia a questionnaire which took place in two cities in Korea with a cluster sample of 161 organic food purchasers. As for the data analysis, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), T-tests, bivariate crosstatulations with Cramer's V were conducted,depending on the characteristics of variables and the assumptions the research data need to fit. It has been concluded that in general, Korean organic consumers comprehend the term "organic"in a closer way to the general concept rather than technical term, thus people do not appreciate environmentally labels which include organic food labels, although marital status influence the degree of label awareness, regardless of gender, age, education level and so on. Regarding COO effects on organic food, home organic products were Korean consumers'first choice over those from industrialized countries and developing nations. Specifically, in processed organic product category, domestically cultivated and processed organic products were absolutely preferred to leading national brands produced with imported ingredients and international brands. However, due to a lack of checks of ingredients' COO, consumers tend to purchase a leading national organic food brand, believing that it is a pure organic food sourced domestically. As a consequence, this research has suggested some important managerial implications and future research directions. In order to prevent consumer confusion when buying organic foods, it should be noted that consumers do not comprehend the organic food certifications, due to complicated labelling systems for organic produce and processed organic foods. Therefore, government bodies related to organic food distribution have to know consumers' perception of organic food labels and the significance of customer-oriented labels and reestablish labelling standards. Similarly, public advertising should be followed to raise public awareness of the labelling to enable customers to have the correct information. In addition, not only international marketers but also domestic marketers need to understand COO images and also the influence COO of ingredients has on the image of an organic product.

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Design Program for the Regional Development (지역진흥을 위한 디자인개발 프로그램)

  • 하상오
    • Archives of design research
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.379-388
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    • 2002
  • Since policies of each local government toward regional development have been focusing on only development of the individual applied items such as a character merchandise, co-regional brand, and developing a speciality for the region, the adverse effects of design have been came out. So we carried out this research to minimize the adverse effect of design and also we would like to give the opportunity of thinking of a new way to activate local economy, to create regional identity and to develop local resources by applying the Cl program which have bean used as the way of business improvement coping with the conceptional change of competitiveness with a comprehensive view. Therefore, for design to play an important role in regional development, as standing on the basis of regional development it is necessary to attain the various goals such as activating administrative organization, improving the administrative image, and making the local in go unique. And also it is necessary to develop the communicational strategy as an innovative and expressive program which can consider human network development as an regional resource. To carry out this communicational strategy effectively, in particular, it is not only inevitable to operate the strategic and comprehensive programs promoting the regional development according to the of 6 stages design develop cent program which consists of region's self-verification and self-recognition, self-determination, development of self-innovation, visibility to unify the regional images, creating the design system, and carrying out and verifying the program, but also it is necessary to apply regional development system which can change the regional basic plan, aiming at regional development, into unique regional trait that has an future image by improving the program with constant management and feedback through verifying the design program.

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A Systematic Approach to Port related Problems An Analysis on the Actual Condition of physical Distribution System of Pusan port (항만관련문제의 시스템적 고찰 부산항 물류시스템의 실태분석)

  • Lee Cheol-Yeong;Moon Seong-Hyeok
    • Journal of Korean Port Research
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.7-28
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    • 1988
  • From the viewpoint of physical distribution, the port transport process can be regarded as a system which consists of various subsystems such as navigational aids, quay handling, transfer, storage, information If management, and co-ordination with inland transport. The handling productivity of this system is determined by the production level of the least productive subsystem. So, a productivity analysis on the flow of cargoes through each subsystem should be made in order to achieve efficient port operation. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the productivity of each subsystem in Pusan port, and to bring forward problems and finally to draw up plans for their betterment. Analyzed results on the productivity of each subsystem are as follows, i) It is known that the number of tugs with low HP should be increased by a few, the number of tugs with medium HP is appropriate, and the number of tugs with high HP is in excess of that necessary. ii ) In the case of container cargoes, it is found that the transfer and storage systems in BCTOC have the lowest handling capability, with a rate of $115\%$, leading to bottle-necks in the port transport system, while the handling rate of the storage and quay handling systems in general piers is in excess of the inherent capability. iii) In the case of the principal seaborne cargoes passing through general piers, there is found to be a remarkable bottle-neck in the storage system. In the light of these findings, both the extension of storage capability and the extension of handling productivity are urgently required to meet the needs of port users. Therefore, iv) As a short-term plan, it is proposed that many measures such as the reduction of free time, the efficient application of ODCY, etc must be brought in and v) In the long-trun, even though the handling capability will accommodate an additional 960,000 TEU in 1991, the scheduled completion date of the third development plan of Pusan port, insufficiency of handling facilities in the container terminal is still expected and concrete countermeasures will ultimately have to be taken for the port's harmonious operation. In particular, the problem of co-ordination with inland transport and urban traffic should be seriously examined together in the establishment of the Pusan port development. As a method of solving this, vi) It is suggested that Pusan port (North port) should be converted into an exclusive container ternimal and overall distribution systems to the other ports for treating general cargoes must be established. vii) And finally, it is also proposed that the arrival time (cut-off time) of influx cargoes for exports such as general merchandise and steel product should be limited, with a view to securing cargoes suitable for the operational capability of BCTOC.

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Lessons from Haitai Distribution Inc's experience in Korea

  • Cho, Young-Sang
    • Journal of Distribution Science
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    • v.9 no.3
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    • pp.25-36
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    • 2011
  • Owing to the rapid growth of hypermarket/discount store formats since 1996, Korean retailing has suddenly attracted the significant attention from researchers. Before the emergence of large scale retailers such as E-Mart, Lotte Mart and Tesco Korea, there were the two retail formats who led the Korean retailing in the modern retailing history: department store and supermarket formats. Nevertheless, there has been little literature concerned about the two retail formats as a case study, while some authors have paid their attention to hypermarket/discount store formats. In addition, when mentioning the development process of retailing history, it is less likely that authors have made an effort to illustrate supermarket retailing history. In order to regard supermarket retailing as part of the Korean retailing, it is interesting to look at a representative supermarket retailer, Haitai, who was one of the subsidiaries of Haitai chaebol. Based on supermarket retailing, the company which was established as a joint venture in 1974 led a supermarket retailing in the Korean modernised retailing history. Before analysing whether Haitai failed or not, the definition of failure should be illustrated. With regard to the term, failure, in the academic world, authors have interchangeably used the following terms: failure, divestment, closure, organisational restructuring, and exit. To collect research data as a case study, the author adopted an in-depth interview method. The research is based on research interviews with 13 ex-staff who left after Haitai went bankruptcy, from store management department to merchandise department. By investigating Haitai's experiences through field interviews, the research found that Haitai restructured organisational decision-making process at the early stage when companies started to modernise organisational charts, benchmarking sophisticated retailing knowledge through the strategic alliance with a Japanese retailer. In respect of buying system, the company established firmly buying functions by adopting central buying system, and further, outstandingly allocated considerable marketing resources to the development of retailer brands with the dedicated team of retailer brand development. In the grocery retailing, abandoning a 'no-frill' packaging concept, the introduction of retailer brand packaging equal to, or better than national brand packaging design, encouraged other retailers to change their retailer brand development strategies. In product sourcing ways, Haitai organised for the first time the overseas sourcing team with the aim of improving the profit margins of foreign products and providing exotic products for customers, followed by other retailers. Regarding distribution system, the company introduced the innovative idea which delivered products ordered by stores directly to each store withboth its own vehicles and its own warehouse in which could deal with dry foods, chilly foods, frozen food, and non-foods, and even, process produce. In addition, Haitai developed many promotional methods to attract more customers like 'the guarantee of the lowest price', and expanded its own business to US in 1996, although withdrew, because of bankruptcy in 1997. Together with POS introduction in 1994, Haitai made a significant contribution to the development of the Korean retailing, influencing other retailers in many aspects. As a case study, the study has provided a number of lessons from Haitai's experiences for academicians and practitioners, suggesting that its history should be involved in the Korean modernised retailing.

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Retail Product Development and Brand Management Collaboration between Industry and University Student Teams (산업여대학학생단대지간적령수산품개발화품패관리협작(产业与大学学生团队之间的零售产品开发和品牌管理协作))

  • Carroll, Katherine Emma
    • Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.239-248
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    • 2010
  • This paper describes a collaborative project between academia and industry which focused on improving the marketing and product development strategies for two private label apparel brands of a large regional department store chain in the southeastern United States. The goal of the project was to revitalize product lines of the two brands by incorporating student ideas for new solutions, thereby giving the students practical experience with a real-life industry situation. There were a number of key players involved in the project. A privately-owned department store chain based in the southeastern United States which was seeking an academic partner had recognized a need to update two existing private label brands. They targeted middle-aged consumers looking for casual, moderately priced merchandise. The company was seeking to change direction with both packaging and presentation, and possibly product design. The branding and product development divisions of the company contacted professors in an academic department of a large southeastern state university. Two of the professors agreed that the task would be a good fit for their classes - one was a junior-level Intermediate Brand Management class; the other was a senior-level Fashion Product Development class. The professors felt that by working collaboratively on the project, students would be exposed to a real world scenario, within the security of an academic learning environment. Collaboration within an interdisciplinary team has the advantage of providing experiences and resources beyond the capabilities of a single student and adds "brainpower" to problem-solving processes (Lowman 2000). This goal of improving the capabilities of students directed the instructors in each class to form interdisciplinary teams between the Branding and Product Development classes. In addition, many universities are employing industry partnerships in research and teaching, where collaboration within temporal (semester) and physical (classroom/lab) constraints help to increase students' knowledge and experience of a real-world situation. At the University of Tennessee, the Center of Industrial Services and UT-Knoxville's College of Engineering worked with a company to develop design improvements in its U.S. operations. In this study, Because should be lower case b with a private label retail brand, Wickett, Gaskill and Damhorst's (1999) revised Retail Apparel Product Development Model was used by the product development and brand management teams. This framework was chosen because it addresses apparel product development from the concept to the retail stage. Two classes were involved in this project: a junior level Brand Management class and a senior level Fashion Product Development class. Seven teams were formed which included four students from Brand Management and two students from Product Development. The classes were taught the same semester, but not at the same time. At the beginning of the semester, each class was introduced to the industry partner and given the problem. Half the teams were assigned to the men's brand and half to the women's brand. The teams were responsible for devising approaches to the problem, formulating a timeline for their work, staying in touch with industry representatives and making sure that each member of the team contributed in a positive way. The objective for the teams was to plan, develop, and present a product line using merchandising processes (following the Wickett, Gaskill and Damhorst model) and develop new branding strategies for the proposed lines. The teams performed trend, color, fabrication and target market research; developed sketches for a line; edited the sketches and presented their line plans; wrote specifications; fitted prototypes on fit models, and developed final production samples for presentation to industry. The branding students developed a SWOT analysis, a Brand Measurement report, a mind-map for the brands and a fully integrated Marketing Report which was presented alongside the ideas for the new lines. In future if the opportunity arises to work in this collaborative way with an existing company who wishes to look both at branding and product development strategies, classes will be scheduled at the same time so that students have more time to meet and discuss timelines and assigned tasks. As it was, student groups had to meet outside of each class time and this proved to be a challenging though not uncommon part of teamwork (Pfaff and Huddleston, 2003). Although the logistics of this exercise were time-consuming to set up and administer, professors felt that the benefits to students were multiple. The most important benefit, according to student feedback from both classes, was the opportunity to work with industry professionals, follow their process, and see the results of their work evaluated by the people who made the decisions at the company level. Faculty members were grateful to have a "real-world" case to work with in the classroom to provide focus. Creative ideas and strategies were traded as plans were made, extending and strengthening the departmental links be tween the branding and product development areas. By working not only with students coming from a different knowledge base, but also having to keep in contact with the industry partner and follow the framework and timeline of industry practice, student teams were challenged to produce excellent and innovative work under new circumstances. Working on the product development and branding for "real-life" brands that are struggling gave students an opportunity to see how closely their coursework ties in with the real-world and how creativity, collaboration and flexibility are necessary components of both the design and business aspects of company operations. Industry personnel were impressed by (a) the level and depth of knowledge and execution in the student projects, and (b) the creativity of new ideas for the brands.

The Influence of Store Images of Discount Stores on Shopping Values and Shopping Satisfaction: The Roles of Perceived Retail Crowding (대형마트의 점포이미지가 쇼핑가치 및 쇼핑만족에 미치는 영향: 지각된 혼잡의 역할)

  • Bae, Byung-Ryul
    • Journal of Distribution Research
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.1-27
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    • 2012
  • Conceptualization of store image have been suggested in the past by many marketing scholars. The dominant perspective about store image is treated as the results of a multi-attribute model. Store image is expressed as a function of the salient attributes of a particular store that are evaluated. Though, there is a little confusions about what elements compose the store image, most scholars agree that merchandise, service, atmosphere, physical facilities, comfort, and location are generally accepted elements as store image. A considerable researches support that shopping can provide both hedonic and utilitarian value. Hedonic shopping value reflects the value received from fantasy and emotive aspects of shopping experience, while utilitarian shopping value reflects the acquisition of products. These two types of shopping value can affect shopping satisfaction. This study examines the relationships among stores images(store atmosphere, salespeople services, facilities, product assortment, and store location), shopping values(utilitarian shopping value and hedonic shopping value), and shopping satisfaction based on discount stores (E-Mart, Home plus, and Lotte Mart). The author hypothesized that five store image components affect shopping values, and these shopping values affect shopping satisfaction. The author focused on the roles of perceived retail crowding between these relationships. Specifically, the author hypothesized that perceived retailing crowding moderated the relationship between shopping values and shopping satisfaction. The author also hypothesized the direct effect of perceived retail crowding on shopping satisfaction. Finally, the author hypothesized that five store image components affect directly shopping satisfaction. Research model is presented in

    . To test model and hypotheses, data were collected from 114 consumers located mid-size city in local area. The author employs PLS methodology (SmartPLS 2.0) to test hypotheses. Data analysis results indicate that among five store images salespeople services, and store location affect utilitarian shopping value. Store atmosphere, salespeople services, and store location affect hedonic shopping value. Two shopping values affect shopping satisfaction. Hedonic shopping value affect more shopping satisfaction than utilitarian shopping value. Data analysis results is presented in . The author examines the moderating effects of perceived retail crowding between shopping values and shopping satisfaction. Results indicate that there are no moderating effects between shopping values and shopping satisfaction. Moderating effects of perceived retail crowding between utilitarian shopping value and shopping satisfaction are presented in
    . Moderating effects of perceived retail crowding between hedonic shopping value and shopping satisfaction is presented in . The author examines the direct effect of perceived retail crowding on shopping satisfaction. Results are presented in
    . The author analyzed the relationship between perceived retail crowding and shopping satisfaction using WarpPLS 3.0 which can analyze the non-linear relationship. Result indicates that perceived retail crowding affects directly shopping satisfaction and there is a non-linear relationship between them. Among five store image components, store atmosphere and salespeople services affect directly shopping satisfaction. The author describes about the managerial implications, limitations, and future research issues.

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