• Korean Security Journal
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• no.8
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• pp.309-336
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• 2004

Approximately equivalent to character disorder or character neuroses or behavioral reaction. For a discussion of the term as used currently, in the 1968 revision of psychiatric nomenclature(DSM-II). In DSM-I(1952 nomenclature), this term referred to those cases in which the personality, in its struggle for adjustment to internal and external stresses, utilized primarily a pattern of action or behavior rather than symptoms in the mental, somatic or emotional spheres. There is minimal subjective anxiety and little or no sense of distress. As thus defined, there are three main groups of personality disorder, personality pattern disturbance, personality trait disturbance and sociopathic, personality disturbance. Morton Prince asks whether a subconscious process can perform the same function as are ordinarily performed by conscious intelligence that is to say memory, perception, reasoning, imagination, volition, affectivity, etc? He cites clinical material at great length, concluding that the quality of the functions performed they frequently exhibit, that which is characteristic of intelligence.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2018

Diabetes and depression are serious chronic conditions. As a result of their increasing prevalence, diabetes and depression, together with population growth and aging, are public health issues. The rate of depression in adults with either type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes is high relative to the general population. The coexistence of diabetes and depression has attracted much interest. Although it is unclear whether diabetes and depression are causally linked, most studies have shown that the association between diabetes and depression might be bidirectional. Currently, emotional well-being is becoming an increasingly important aspect of diabetes care and self-management. Psychiatric disorders and diabetic distress among people with diabetes may increase the risk of diabetes complication and mortality. Thus, assessment and appropriate management of depression in people with diabetes should be considered to achieve psychological well-being and optimize medical outcomes.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.51-55
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• 2018

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is a functional contextual intervention approach based on the behavioral theory on human language, which views human suffering as originating in psychological inflexibility fostered by cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance. Thus, the goal of ACT is to enhance psychological flexibility using six core processes including acceptance, cognitive defusion, self-as-context, contact with present moment, values clarification, and committed action. Recent clinical trials have suggested the efficacy for ACT in the treatment of various mental illness and psychological distress. The aim of this review is to offer more knowledge and better understanding of ACT by presenting its underlying principle and an overview of the research field.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.61-73
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• 2023

As smartphone use is increasing within the middle-aged population, society should pay closer attention to the mental health problems associated with smartphone addiction. This study examines the possibility that depression, anxiety, and ADHD can be interpreted not only as negative aspects, but also as positive aspects, in an addiction-related individual. We used habitual and addictive smartphone behavior as the dependent variables; anxiety, ADHD, depression, and habitual smartphone use as the independent variables; and self-control as a moderating variable. Depression and ADHD in smartphone users were found to be associated with higher levels of addictive smartphone use. Anxiety was having negative effect on addictive smartphone use. However, habitual smartphone use didn't significantly affect addictive smartphone use. Further analysis indicated that depression, anxiety, and ADHD have mediating effects on habitual smartphone use. This study confirmed that psychological factors in adults, as well as habitual/addictive smartphone use and self-control, significantly influence smartphone overdependence.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.55-95
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• 2010

The meaning and application of 'lesion corporelle' in the context of a variety of mental or psychic injuries is less clear, while there is very little disagreement about its literal translation. U.S. Court decisions since Floyd allow recovery for a range of claims involving emotional injury under Article 17; in some cases there is no recovery, while in others there is full recovery, depending on the allegations and the nexus between the alleged injury and any related or accompanying physical injury. Courts are in agreement that pure emotional injury is not compensable under the Convention. Most courts agree that emotional injury is not compensable in those cases where it has resulted only in physical manifestations such as weight loss or sleeplessness. At the same time, most courts generally agree that emotional injury is compensable if it proximately flows from a physical injury. The issue as to whether the courts would associate PTSD with bodily injury as envisioned in the present Warsaw structure or even the new regime reflected in the Convention proposed by ICAO would largely depend on the extent to which courts would be ready to embrace the compelling scientific findings with regard to mental distress and its application within the term 'bodily injury'. Taken together, these points when the current under Article 17 of the Warsaw Convention, 'physical injury' notion of 'mental injury' is to be extended. Of course, the current terms of the Warsaw Convention have been maintaining a precedent for many countries appear to have a statue of the original purpose of the treaty does not contribute to the diffusion. Therefore, in future treaties 'bodily injury', the term 'injury', the term 'personal injury' or 'health undermined' the term should be replaced or revised.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.175-178
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• 2005

Fat embolism syndrome is a collection of respiratory, neurological and cutaneous symptoms and signs associated with trauma and other disparate surgical and medical conditions. The incidence of clinical syndrome is low while the embolization of marrow fat appears to be an almost inevitable consequence of long bone fractures. The pathogenesis is a subject of conjecture and controversy. There are two theories which have gained acceptance(mechanical theory, biochemical theory). Onset of symptom is usually within 12 to 72 hours, but may manifest as early as 6 hours to as late as 10 days. The classic triad of fat embolism syndrome involves pulmonary changes, cerebral dysfunction and petechial rash. The cornerstone of treatment is preventing the stress response, hypovolemia and hypoxia and operative stabilization of fractures. Corticosteroid are the only drugs which have repeatedly shown a positive effect on the prevention and treatment of fat embolism syndrome. We report a case of post-traumatic fat embolism syndrome with severe cerebral involvement without respiratory distress. A 55 years old female had a traffic accident. She sustained pelvic bone fracture and both humerus fracture. Approximately 4 hours after the accident, mental status change developed without a focal neurologic deficits. She had no respiratory symptom and sign. Her brain MRI showed multiple cerebral fat embolism lesion. The patients received supportive treatment with corticosteroid, albumin. Her neurologic status stabilized over several days. After orthopedic surgery, she was discharged 62 days after admission.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.30 no.3 s.58
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• pp.540-554
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• 1997

The effects of cigarette smoking on the psychosocial distress, the absenteeism, the occupational injuries, and on the prevalence for the accidents were assessed in 795 male workers who had been employed since March 1994. The results show that the prevalence of current smokers were higher in young men, lower educational level, lower income, single men(unmarried or divorced), alcohol drinkers, and blue collar workers. In the bivariate analyses, the workers with the high job demand and low work control were more likely to smoke, although the relationship was not strong. Those who reported lower satisfaction on his job tended to smoke more. Mean scores of psychosocial well-being index(PWI) were higher in current smokers than nonsmokers. For the hierarchical multiple regression analyses, interaction terms between cigarette smoking and job stressors(job demand and work control) were not significant. For smokers, the odds ratios for the occupational injuries, and the accidents were 1.40(95% confidence interval 0.77-2.57) and 1.96 (95% confidence interval 0.75-5.09), respectively. The mean absent day were 4.13 for smokers, 3.65 for nonsmokers, although the differences were not statistically significant. It seems that cigarette smoking had not caused any crucial effects on the psychosocial well-being status and the occupational risks. Some considerations for the further research on the relationship of cigarette smoking on the mental health status and the occupational risks were also discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.21-33
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• 1999

The clinical assessment for preschool children who are known to have problems in selfreporting tends to be dependent on outsiders' reporting. Thus, the direct assessment of children's inner experience, thoughts and feelings is difficult. MacArthur Story-Stem Battery(MSSB) developed to learn more about preschool children's mental representation in play is used in this study to help assess clinical preschool children through developmental study of normal children's mental representation. Fifty five children(32boys and 23girls) who performed MSSB, IQ Test, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised(PPVT) were videotaped and were analyzed. The results of this study were as follows：1) Children frequently displayed negative mental representation such as atypical negative response, reparation/guilt, punishment, personal injury and so on during emotionally laden play situation. 2) Mental representation of parent appeared positive, disciplinary, and negative in respective. 3) As a result of factor analysis of MSSB content themes, aggressive, prosocial, and oppositional content theme composites were generated. Aggressive content included atypical negative response, aggression, personal injury, and exclusion. Prosocial content included affection, affiliation, and reparation/guilt. Oppositional content included punishment and non-compliance. 4) Mental representation of parent and content themes showed significant correlation. Positive, negative, and disciplinary representation were significantly correlated for prosocial(r=0.40), aggressive (r=0.52), and oppositional(r=0.75) content theme respectively. 5) Among the correlations between parental mental representations and emotional responses, positive parental representation and anxiety showed significant negative correlation(r=-0.43). 6) Among the correlations between content themes and emotional responses, there were significant positive correlations between aggressive(r=0.28) and oppositional content themes(r=0.29) and distress, and were significant negative correlations between prosocial content theme and concern(r=-0.29) and anxiety(r=-0.43). According to the above results, preschool children frequently displayed negative mental representation in emotionally conflictual play situation. Children with more prosocial themes in their stories exhibit more positive parental mental representation. Also, children with more aggressive themes tend to display more negative parental representation and negative emotional responses.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.58-69
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• 2017

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent, impairing, and comorbid disorder that persists into adulthood. ADHD should be diagnosed in the same manner as other common adult mental health disorders. The three most important components in the comprehensive evaluation of patients with ADHD are the clinical interview, medical examination, and completion and scoring of behavior rating scales. The diagnostic evaluation of ADHD should include questions about the symptoms, family history, prior evaluation and treatment of ADHD, as well as other problems including alcohol and drug use. Screening interviews or rating scales, as well as interviews, should be used. When it is feasible, clinicians may wish to supplement these components of the evaluation with the objective assessments of the ADHD symptoms, such as through psychological tests. These tests are not essential to reaching a diagnosis, however, or to treatment planning, but may yield further information about the presence and severity of cognitive impairments that could be associated with some cases of ADHD. As comorbidity is the rule rather than the exception, clinicians should carefully screen for comorbid disorders as part of a comprehensive assessment of ADHD. To receive a diagnosis of ADHD, the person must be experiencing significant distress or impairment in his or her daily functioning, and must not meet the criteria for other mental disorders which might better account for the observed symptoms, such as mental retardation, autism or other pervasive developmental disorders, mood disorders and anxiety disorders. This report aims to suggest practice guidelines for the assessment and diagnosis of children, adolescents and adults with ADHD in Korea.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.615-623
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to verify the effectiveness of the positive psychological group program for psychological and Affectivity well-being of self-support program participants. To this end, 30 participants in the self-support program were recruited from the B-Self-Sufficiency Center in Gyeonggi Province and divided into an experimental group and a control group, and the experimental group conducted a positive psychology program once a week for a total of 8 sessions. As a result of the study, first, the positive psychology program showed a significant difference in the psychological well-being of self-support program participants. Second, the positive psychology program improved positive emotions and reduced negative emotions, resulting in significant differences in Affectivity well-being. Third, the positive psychology program helped to reduce mental pain. Fourth, in the comparison between groups, there were significant differences in psychological and Affectivity well-being. Therefore, it was proved that the positive psychology program is effective in psychological and Affectivity well-being for self-support program participants.