• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was performed to identity the relationship between PMS and menstrual attitudes. Method: Data were collected from 417 female college students in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do area during the period from the 6th of September to the 15th of October in 2004. Collected data were analysed using the SPSS WIN 11.0. Result: The results of this study were as follows: 1) Perceived subjective symptoms were clustered endogenous depressive feature($2.76{\pm}.97$), anxiety($2.76{\pm}1.09$), and impulsivity($2.72{\pm}1.02$). 2) PMS was significantly different according to the general characteristics of grade(F=3.414, p=.018), major(F=2.755, P=.004), menarche age(F=5.910, p=.003), pain(F=7.886, p=.000), family history(F=5.366, p=.005). 3) Menstrual attitudes was significantly different according to the general characteristics of grade(F=3.315, p=.020), major(F=3.813, P=.000), religion(F=6.313, p=.000), interval of menstruation(F=2.834, p=.016), pain(F=3.059, p=.048), family history(F=3.062, p=.048). 4) Menstrual attitudes and PMS were in a positive correlation with each other (r=.112, p=.002). Conclusion: This results showed that there is a significant correlation between PMS and menstrual attitudes. For further research, it is recommended to identity major factors affecting PMS and the relationships between them and various subjects.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship of menstrual cycle and halitosis by measuring the concentrations of Voltile Sulfur Compounds, secretion rate of unstimulated saliva, secretion rate of stimulated saliva and viscosity of saliva during the menstrual cycle. The subjects were 19 female dental students of Yonsei University who had relatively good alignment of the teeth. They hadn't taken antibiotics or oral contraceptive pills during the few months prior to the experiment, and they didn't have any dental caries involving the pulp or periodontal disease. Lady-$Q^{(R)}$(Alpain Korea, Korea), which confirms the ovulation using saliva, was used to find out the menstrual cycle of subjects. Their history was taken and their basal body temperature was measured. On the basis of these data, the amount of Volatile Sulfur Compounds, secretion rate of unstimulated saliva, secretion rate of stimulated saliva, viscosity of saliva were measured during 1 day of the proliferative phase, 3 days of ovulatory phase and 1 day of the luteal phase within the menstrual cycle. The results were as follows : 1. The amount of Volatile Sulfur Compounds, secretion rate of unstimulated saliva, secretion rate of stimulated saliva, and viscosity of saliva showed no statistically significant cyclic change during proliferative phase, ovulatory phase, and luteal phase(p<0.05). 2. Between the secretion rate of unstimulated saliva and secretion rate of stimulated saliva, there was significant correlation during proliferative phase and luteal phase(p<0.05) and there was no significant correlation during ovulatory phase but relatively close result was seen. 3. The amount of Volatile Sulfur Compounds during proliferative phase and luteal phase had statistically significant correlation(p<0.05). 4. Secretion rate of stimulated saliva during proliferative phase and ovulatory phase, proliferative phase and luteal phase, ovulatory phase and luteal phase had significant correlations (p<0.01).

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.64-72
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• 2015

Menstrual problem (premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and dysmenorrhea) is a common gynecological complaints among women in reproductive age. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of isoflavone and Cynanchum wilfordii for improvement of premenstrual syndrome, dysmenorrhea. Subjects were 30 college women in Busan, divided into three groups (CG; control group, n=10; IS group; isoflavone supplement group, n=10; CS group; Cynanchum wilfordii supplement group, n=10). They showed 5.0 or higher for menstrual pain when tested by the VAS. IS group was allocated a isoflavone pill (500 mg/day) for 8 weeks, and CS group was allocated a Cynanchum wilfordii pill (6 g/day) for 8 weeks. We administered a menstrual distress questionnaire (MDQ), and visual analogue scale(VAS). There were no differences among the three groups in general characteristics, nutrients intake, MDQ, or VAS. In the CG group, there were no differences in MDQ, or VAS after 8 weeks. In the IS group, negative emotions, behavioral changes, concentration, pain, autonomic nervous system response, water retention, and skin changes significantly improved (P<0.05). In the CS group, negative emotions, pain, autonomic nervous system response, and water retention significantly decreased after 8 weeks (P<0.05). Changes in negative emotion, pain, autonomic nervous system response, water retention, skin changes significantly improved in the CS group compared to the control group (P<0.05). VAS significantly decreased in the IS and CS groups (P<0.05). The decrease in VAS differed among three groups, with the CS group showing a larger decrease than the control group and IS group (P<0.001).

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.432-444
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• 2003

Purpose: This study attempted to verify the effect of Koryo hand therapy on menstrual cramps and dysmenorrhea among college students. Method: This study performed the quasi-experimental design with nonequivalent control group and the pre and post-test design from August 28 to November 4, 2002. The subjects of this experimental study consisted of 64 college students in the nursing college of K University in D city and K college students in K city, who had more than 5.0 GRS score of menstrual cramps. Among them, 16 people belonged to the experimental group A by using Ceramic Seo Am moxa therapy, 16 to the experimental group B by using Seo Am pellet therapy, 16 to the experimental group C by using combination of Ceramic Seo Am moxa therapy and Seo Am pellet therapy and 16 to the control group. Three different kinds of methods were used three times per week for $5{\sim}6$ weeks(a total of $15{\sim}18$ times) interventions were completed. For the experimental group, A Ceramic Seo Am moxa therapy was given for 40 minutes per each treatment; for the experimental group, B Seo Am pellet therapy was given for 4 hours: for the experimental group, C combination of Ceramic Seo Am moxa therapy and Seo Am pellet therapy was given. To measure menstrual cramps, the graphic rating scale (GRS) was used and to measure dysmenorrheal, a dysmenorrhea scale (15 contents) was used, which was modified from Han &Hur's scale (13 contents). Cronbach's was 0.78 in the pre-test, 0.83 in the first post-test, 0.89 in the following post-test. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, 2 test, repeated measures ANOVA, time contrast test and Sheffe test with the SPSS/Win 11.0 program. Results: ? The first hypothesis, 'Among the experimental group A by using Ceramic Seo Am moxa therapy, the experimental group B by using Seo Am pellet therapy and the experimental group C by using combination of Ceramic Seo Am moxa therapy and Seo Am pellet therapy will have different graphic rating scores of menstrual cramps', was supported (F=6.77, p=0.000, Interaction: p=0.000). ? The second hypothesis, 'Among the experimental group A by using Ceramic Seo Am moxa therapy, the experimental group B by using Seo Am pellet therapy, the experimental group C by using combination of Ceramic Seo Am moxa therapy and Seo Am pellet therapy and the control group will have a significantly different level of dysmenorrhea', was supported (F=6.88, p=0.000, Interaction: p=0.000). From the above results, it can be an effective nursing intervention to give Koryo hand therapy to college students who have menstrual cramps and dysmenorrhea. Conclusion: These findings indicate that Koryo hand therapy could be applied to improve the quality of life and to prevent drug misuse among college students who are physically, mentally and psychologically suffering from menstrual cramps and dysmenorrhea. Furthermore, Koryo hand therapy could be developed as an effective Korean alternative and complementary care in the future. and it could also provide a guideline to apply Koryo hand therapy to other pain and difficulties.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.320-332
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to examine premenstrual symptoms (PMS) according to physical activity of high school girls. Method: Data were collected from 323 high school girls using structured questionnaires, Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, and AVOVA. Results: The mean score of PMS was low (2.200.81). Among the subcategories, negative feeling (2.491.26) was the highest. Physical activity levels were coded as inactive, minimal activity and health enhancing physical activity, among which minimal activity (53.0%) was the highest. Significant differences in PMS were observed according to subjective health condition (F=10.83, p<.001), alcohol intake (t=-1.99, p=.048), caffeine intake (F=3.04, p=.029), dietary habit (F=4.78, p=.009), amount of menstruation (F=4.57, p=.011), discomfort in daily life (F=28.94, p<.001), degree of menstrual pain (F=41.23, p<.001), method of menstrual pain relief (F=4.29, p=.015), and family history (F=11.45, p<.001). Significant difference in PMS was observed according to the physical activity level (F=3.12, p=.046), and health enhancing physical activity (2.540.87) was the highest. Conclusion: These findings suggest that PMS intervention programs would be considered factors related to PMS. Conduct of further studies is recommended for evaluation of the relationship between physical activity and PMS.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.396-404
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 체계적 문헌고찰을 통해 월경곤란증에 관한 요가의 효과를 확인하는 것이다. 자료수집은 체계적 문헌고찰 보고지침(preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis[PRISMA])에 따라 진행하였다. 분석대상 논문은 1966년부터 2018년 11월까지 CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, CycINFO, PubMed 및 KoreaMed 등 전자데이터베이스와 "footnote chasing"를 통해 최종 7편이 추출되었다. 주요 결과는 요가를 적용한 실험군에서 대조군에 비해 생리통 강도 및 기간, 스트레스, 삶의 질, 우울, 불안 및 분노 등에서 유의하게 감소되었고, 생리통 유발인자인 호모시스테인, 성선자극 호르몬, 여포자극호르몬, 황체형성호르몬, 프로락틴 등이 유의하게 감소하는 것으로 보고되었다. 이러한 결과는 요가가 월경곤란증의 완화를 위한 적절한 중재방법임을 암시한다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.114-123
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to report the result and the satisfaction of Korean medicine treatment for patients with dysmenorrhea who participated in support program of Jeollabuk-do. Methods: The subjects of this study were 33 volunteers, suffering from primary dysmenorrhea. As the 'Dysmenorrhea Treatment Project', we conducted a dysmenorrhea program at 22 Korean medicine clinic and 1 Korean medicine hospital in Jeollabuk-do. From May to December 2018, we conducted the program and assessed the effect and satisfaction twice after first two menstrual cycles after Korean medicine treatment through questionnaire. They were treated by Korean medicine treatment such as herbal medicine, acupuncture, moxibustion, heat therapy, physical therapy and others in 2017. The results were measured by the visual analogue scale (VAS) and multidimensional verbal rating scale (MVRS) of overall pain. The disturbance in school activity for menstrual period and satisfaction of Korean medicine treatment were investigated by continuous rating scales. Results: The VAS score of overall pain was decreased significantly. Also the amount of the analgesic taken for menstrual period and the degree of disturbance in school activity were decreased significantly. Besides, the satisfaction of Korean medicine treatment was increased. Conclusions: This study might suggest that the Korean medicine treatment on dysmenorrhea is effective.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.53-63
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to identify menstrual discomforts and coping m adult women. The subjects were 577 adult women. aged 20 years old and over. selected by convenient sampling. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey from December 2. 2004 to December 31. 2004. Two instruments were modified and used in this study. the Menstrual Discomfort Questionnaire by Park(1988) and the Menstrual Coping Questionnaire by Billings & Moos(198l). The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. t-test. and ANOVA with SPSS 10.0 program. The results of this study were as follows. 1. The prevalence rate of dysmenorrhea was $85.6\%$. 2. The total mean score for menstrual discomforts was 2.82 of a possible total of 5. The mean score for each category was 3.10 for water retention. 2.93 for negative affect. 2.89 for pain. 2.74 for autonomic reactions. 2.73 for behavioral change. and 2.59 for concentration. 3. Statistical differences were found for menarche age(F=9.351. p<.00l), feeling to menstruation(F=12.376. p<.001). dysmenorrhea(t=7.3l7. p<.001). onset of dysmenorrhea (F= 12.766. p<.001). taking medication(t=6.289. p<.001). and degree of taking medication (F=12.924. p<.00l). 4. The coping modes with the highest scores were 'rest and go to the bed '$(83.3\%)$. 'regard menstruation as a physiological and temporary phenomenon' $(68.6\%)$, and 'take a warm shower' $(64.5\%)$. We conclude that there were many women with dysmenorrhea. that the first day was the onset of menstrual discomfort. and that it differed by menarche age. feeling to menstruation. dysmenorrhea. onset of dysmenorrhea. taking medication. and degree of taking medication. Nursing intervention has to be considered in programs to reduce menstrual discomfort.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.142-149
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was designed to identify the effects of heat therapy on dysmenorrhea, heat being provided using a far infrared rays heating element. Methods: The research design for the study was a non-equivalent control group quasi- experimental design. Participants were 22 students for the experimental group, and 26 students for the control group. Data were analyzed using SAS WIN 9.1 program. Results: The experimental group had significantly lower mean scores for menstrual pain, dysmenorrhea, and blood pressure than those in the control group. However, no significant differences were found between two groups for pulse, respiration, and temperature. Conclusion: These findings show that thermotherapy was effective for reduction of menstrual pain, dysmenorrhea, and B/P. Therefore, this therapy could be used as a nursing intervention for students with dysmenorrhea.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.403-410
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• 2018

Lifestyle of adolescents cause a lot of health effects in the future. Therefore, in Korea, school health law was enacted and relevant business such as school education program is being carried out. This study was conducted to recognize symptom according to grade. A survey of youth health status was conducted at 19 middle and high schools in Seongnam city from May 2015 to December 2015. The survey made up of 14 questions which was about the health status satisfaction on the adolescent was conducted to investigate frequency by year and the respective health status of 6 grades. A total of 9,584 students responded to the survey, 58.22% answered that they were not free of constipation. 25.69% of respondents had no symptoms of headache, consequently over 70% of respondents had headache. 57.06% of respondents had no symptoms of low back pain and 34.7% had no symptoms of neck & shoulder pain, therefore over 50% of respondents had muscular skeletal symptoms. In menstrual history, only 17.95% of respondents said their period was regular and painless. In respiratory history, except cold, no nasal drop & obstruction has appeared in the group of 54.02%. And 62.97% of respondents had persistent cough usually with cold and 23.41% had cough with cold breeze even if not catch cold. In the third grade of high school students, there were many complaints of pain in various parts such as headache, back pain and shoulder pain, neck pain and menstrual pain, and there was a high rate of complaints of digestive system symptom and defecation symptom. More than half of respondent had constipation discomfort, headache and musculo-skeletal symptoms, menstrual problems and cough. In the third grade of high school students, the rate of complaints of pain complaints, digestive system symptoms, and bowel symptoms was high. Therefore, there is a need for measures and management for continuous health care and health promotion in accordance with students' symptoms and age at each grade level.