• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.62-67
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• 2014

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate whether there was a correlation between catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT) gene polymorphism, which is believed to play a role in the etiology of psychotic disorders, and premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Methods: Fifty-three women with regular menstrual cycles, aged between 18 and 46 years and diagnosed with PMS according to the American Congress of Obstetrics and Gynecology criteria were included in this study as the study group, and 53 healthy women having no health problems were selected as the controls. Venous blood was collected from all patients included in the study and kept at $-18^{\circ}C$ prior to analysis. Results: There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of demographic features such as age, body mass index, number of pregnancies, parity, and number of children. No statistically significant difference was observed in terms of COMT gene polymorphism (p=0.61) between women in the PMS and the control groups. However, a significant difference was found between arthralgia, which is an indicator of PMS, and low-enzyme activity COMT gene (Met/Met) polymorphism (p=0.04). Conclusion: These results suggested that there was no significant relationship between PMS and COMT gene polymorphism. Since we could not find a direct correlation between the COMT gene polymorphism and PMS, further studies including alternative neurotransmitter pathways are needed to find an effective treatment for this disease.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.81-84
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• 2004

천연물로부터 치은에 생성되는 멜라닌의 양을 효과적으로 조절하여 치은 미백을 목표로 하는 물질을 분리하고자 문헌에 소개되고 있는 미백 효과를 가진 전통한약을 비롯하여, 민간에서 사용되고 있는 약 100여 종의 고등식물을 대상으로 B-16 mouse melanoma cell lines에서 melanin 생성 억제 효과를 screening하였다. 그 결과 천궁의 methylene chloride 분획에서 활성을 나타내어 실험재료로 선택하여 2개의 화합물을 분리하였으며 각종 spectral data를 검토하여 linoleic acid methyl ester(1), 1,3-dilinoleoyl-2-stearoyl glycerol(2)로 구조를 규명하였다. 이들 화합물은 B-16 mouse melanoma cell lines에서의 melanin 생성억제 활성을 Kojic acid를 비교 물질로하여 측정하였다. 2종의 화합물 중 1,3-dilinoleoyl-2-stearoyl glycerol은 높은 활성을 보이지 않았으나 linoleic acid methyl ester는 Kojic acid에 비하여 강한 활성을 나타내었다.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2019

Objectives : The aim of this study is to investigate the use experience of other medical institution of outpatients of Korean medical institution. Methods : Cross-sectional study using the 2017 Korean Medicine Utilization and Herbal Medicine Consumption Survey was conducted. Demographic variables and frequent diseases were analyzed according to the experience of using other medical institutions. The proportions of experience of using other medical institutions of patients with frequent diseases of Korean medical outpatient were analyzed. Results : Fifty-three percent of outpatient had experiencing using other medical institutions for the same symptoms. The frequent diseases of the two groups were similar. The proportion of single use of Korean medicine for injury of lumbar and pelvic, rhinitis, and menstrual disorders were relatively high. Conclusions : There was no notable difference in the frequent diseases according to use experience of other medical institution. Further studies on this topic are needed.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2009

Objectives: Spatholobi Caulis is the stem of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn., which has been used for treating menstrual disorders, anemia, and rheumatic arthralgia in traditional Oriental medicine, This study was conducted to evaluate the inhibitory effects of Spatholobi Caulis extract (SCE) on the production of nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-activated Raw264,7 cells. Methods : Cell viability was determined by MIT assay. Relative levels of NO were measured with Griess reagent and pro-inflammatory cytokines were detected by ELISA Expression of iNOS and COX-2 proteins were determined by western blotting. Results : NO production and iNOS expression were increased by incubation with LPS for 24 h. However, the augmented NO was reduced by SCE in a dose-dependent manner. Expressions of iNOS and COX-2 were inhibited by the treatment with SCE, SCE also suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1beta and IL-6. Conclusions : These results indicate that the MeOH extract of Spatholobi Caulis warrant further development as an anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of Gram-negative bacterial infections.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.40.1-40.19
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• 2024

Importance: The creation of robust maternal-embryonic interactions and implantation models is important for comprehending the early stages of embryonic development and reproductive disorders. Traditional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture systems often fail to accurately mimic the highly complex in vivo conditions. The employment of three-dimensional (3D) organoids has emerged as a promising strategy to overcome these limitations in recent years. The advancements in the field of organoid technology have opened new avenues for studying the physiology and diseases affecting female reproductive tract. Observations: This review summarizes the current strategies and advancements in the field of 3D organoids to establish maternal-embryonic interaction and implantation models for use in research and personalized medicine in assisted reproductive technology. The concepts of endometrial organoids, menstrual blood flow organoids, placental trophoblast organoids, stem cell-derived blastoids, and in vitro-generated embryo models are discussed in detail. We show the incorportaion of organoid systems and microfluidic technology to enhance tissue performance and precise management of the cellular surroundings. Conclusions and Relevance: This review provides insights into the future direction of modeling maternal-embryonic interaction research and its combination with other powerful technologies to interfere with this dialogue either by promoting or hindering it for improving fertility or methods for contraception, respectively. The merging of organoid systems with microfluidics facilitates the creation of sophisticated and functional organoid models, enhancing insights into organ development, disease mechanisms, and personalized medical investigations.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.113-118
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• 2016

Objective : Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is known to reduce the quality of sleep and is associated with various psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of PMS with depression, sleep qulity and sleep pattern in Korean female adolescents. Methods : Out of 867 high school female students, 400 female subjects were included in this study. All participants completed self-report questionnaires that included demographic variables, shortened premenstrual assessment form (SPAF), patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), insomnia severity index (ISI) and Korean translation of composite scale (CS). A total of 394 individuals who completed the questionnaires were analyzed. Results : As score of SPAF, 143 subjects was defined PMDD group. They had more prevalence of eveningness, more depressive symptom, poorer sleep quality, and more excessive sleepiness than non-PMDD groups. Although the PMDD groups showed more menstrual dysmenorrhea, no difference was found in bleeding duration and cycle. PMS symptom had correlations with depression, poorer sleep quality and excessive sleepiness during the daytime. There was no difference in sleep duration between two groups, but PMS might have a relationship with eveningness of chronotype. Conclusions : Among Korean female high school students, the PMS might have an association with depression and poor sleep quality, and it might lead to daytime impairment due to excessive sleepiness. An appropriate evaluation of PMS could be helpful in determining the mental health condition of adolescents.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.126-149
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• 2011

Purpose: KCDO-3(Korean Classification of Diseases(Oriental Medicine)-third edition) being used in January, 2010 accepted the KCD(Korean Classification of Diseases) and added disease pattern and syndrome of oriental medicine. But, the diagnoses of oriental medicine are too uncertain to express in A00-Z99(KCD). In this case, you should choose in U codes under the KCD use guidelines, but U codes are not capable of representing the symptoms too. So, we suggest the use criteria and consider the weakness of the U codes with medical records of patients who visited with amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea. Methods: We referred medical records of patients who visited oriental obstetrics and gynecology from January 1st to December 31st, 2010. From among them, we set up 122 patients who related with emmeniopathy as target group and searched codes distribution based on medical records. And we described that the process of choosing appropriate codes based on the medical records of 49 amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea patients. Results and Conclusions: The emmeniopathy is divided into menstrual disorder, amenorrhea and systemic disorders at the period of menstruation. And emmeniopathy is expressed in some codes such as N91, N92, N93, N94, U321, U77. When a patient visit hospital, a doctor should choose causal codes when there is confirmed diagnosis. Otherwise, a doctor chooses symptom codes. And if there are more than two diagnosis consistent with definition of chief condition, a doctor should code the first listed diagnosis as a chief condition. Because KCD-5 is classified according to western medical diagnosis, it is difficult to choose in KCD-5 when we diagnosed with disease pattern and syndrome of oriental medicine. But U codes are also deficient to express various condition of emmeniopathy. So we should add 'deficiency and detriment of the thoroughfare and conception vessels', 'prolonged menstruation' and various systemic disorders at the period of menstruation.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.103-115
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• 1999

연구목적 : 월경전기증후군에서 나타나는 증상 양상, 가족력, 높은 정서장애의 유병율은 이 질환의 정서장애와의 관련성을 시사해 주며 한편, 월경주기에 따른 정서장애 임상경과의 변화도 제시되고 있다. 본 연구는 정신과 외래 통원 치료를 받고 있는 정서장애 환자군과 대조군을 대상으로 하여 월경전기변화의 양상과 정도를 비교하고 일상 및 직업 생활에의 영향 및 환자군에서의 월경전기변화에 대한 가능성 있는 위험 요인들을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 본 연구는 정신과 외래 통원 치료를 받고 있는 여성 정서장애 환자 80명과 정상 대조군 80명을 대상으로 하였다. 월경전기변화는 DSM-IV 월경전기불쾌기분장애의 진단기준 A를 세분화한 4점 척도의 16항목으로 구성된 자기 평가 형식의 설문지를 통해 후향적인 방법으로 평가되었다. 결과 : 1) 월경전기변화의 항목 중 한가지 이상에서 중등도 이상의 변화를 경험하는 월경전기변화군이 정서 장애 환자군은 32.6%. 대조군은 50%로 환자군에서 대상이 적었다. 2) 월경전기변화군에서 대조군은 기분 또는 행동 변화와 신체적인 변화를 호소하는 경우가 비슷한 분포로 나타났으나, 환자군은 기분 또는 행동 변화만을 호소하는 경우가 유의하게 많았다. 월경전기변화군에서 대조군은 신체적인 변화인 유방 통증의 빈도가 가장 높았던 반면 환자군에서는 기분이나 행동 변화인 피로감과 무기력의 빈도가 가장 높았다. 3) 대조군은 기분이나 행동 변화와 신체적인 변화가 많을수록 일상이나 사회 생활에 심한 장애를 경험하는 반면 환자군에서는 기분 또는 행동 변화만이 빈도가 높을수록 심한 일상이나 사회 생활의 장애를 경험하였다. 4) 환자군에서 월경전기변화군은 월경전기변화가 없는 군에 비해 월경통을 보고하는 경우가 유의하게 많았으며, 그 심각도는 월경전기변화의 빈도와 상관 관계를 나타내었다. 결론 : 정서 장애 환자군의 월경전기변화는 신체적 변화보다 기분 행동 변화가 두드러지는 특성을 보였다. 이들 환자군의 월경전기변화는 기존 질환의 월경전기악화 또는 기존 질환과 동반되는 월경전기증후군의 가능성을 제시해 준다. 또한, 환자군에서는 월경전기변화 특히 기분 또는 행동 변화의 빈도가 높을수록 심한 일상 생활의 장애를 경험하였다. 따라서, 정서장애 환자에서의 월경전기변화에 대한 정확한 평가와 이에 대한 적절한 치료 전략의 수립이 필요하리라 본다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.178-185
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• 2014

Leonuri Fructus, a semen of Leonuri Herba, has been used for the treatment of menstrual disorders such as amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea and leukorrhea and for the remedy of hyperemia. The present study was conducted to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of the Leonuri Fructus extract (Leonurus japonicus Houtt. EtOH extract; LJE) in vivo and in vitro. In vitro study, the MTT assay for cell viability was conducted to determine the non-cytotoxic concentration of LJE treatment in media. The levels of NO were measured with Griess reagent. Pro-inflammatory cytokines were detected by ELISA method. The inflammation-related proteins of this study were detected by immunoblot anlaysis. The increases of NO production and iNOS expression were detected in LPS-treated cells compared with control, but LJE attenuated the increases of NO and iNOS by LPS. LJE reduced the production of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$ induced by LPS stimulation. LJE suppresses the signaling pathways of NF-${\kappa}B$ and MAPKs in LPS-induced macrophage cells. In vivo study, carrageenan-induced hind paw acute edematous inflammation rat model was used for evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of LJE. LJE significantly inhibited the increases of hind paw swelling, skin thicknesses and inflammatory cell infiltrations, and decreased the numbers of mast cell induced by carrageenan injection. These results suggest that LJE has an anti-inflammatory therapeutic potential, which is mediated through modulating NF-${\kappa}B$ activation and MAPK phosphorylation. Inhibition of the rat paw edema induced by carrageenan is considered as direct evidence that LJE may be a useful source to treat inflammation.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2021

Background: To evaluate the demographics, clinical and radiographic features of calcific tendinitis of the shoulder in the Korean population, specifically focusing on the incidence of coexisting rotator cuff tear. Methods: Between October 2014 and January 2015, we performed a prospective multicenter study with 506 patients from 11 training hospitals in Korea. We collected data of demographics and radiographic analysis based on simple radiographs, clinical assessments based on visual analog scale (VAS) and the American Shoulder Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, and treatment modalities that are used currently. We also evaluated coexisting rotator cuff tear by ultrasonography (US) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images. Results: There were 402 female patients (79%) with mean age of 55 years (range, 31-87 years). Mean duration of symptoms was 16 months. Mean size of calcific materials was 11.4 mm (range, 0-35 mm). Mean value of VAS and ASES scores were 6.5 (range, 1-10) and 47 (range, 8-95), respectively. Of 383 patients (76%), 59 (15%) had rotator cuff tear including 15 full-thickness tears on US or MRI. Patients with rotator cuff tears were significantly associated with older age, recurrent symptoms, menstrual disorders in females, and having undergone calcification removal surgery and rotator cuff repair (all p<0.05). Conclusions: This study reported demographic, radiographic, and clinical features of calcific tendinitis of the shoulder in Korean population, which were not different from those of Western population. Coexisting rotator cuff tear was found with 15% incidence in this large series, suggesting that further radiographic study to evaluate rotator cuff tear might be needed in some calcific tendinitis patients of older age and presenting with recurrent symptoms.