• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.238-244
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• 2021

Purpose: Menstruation is associated with menstrual symptoms like pain and balance problems which have an impact on the quality of life. Pilates increases pelvic stability and reduces menstrual pain by inducing abdominal muscle contraction. This study was done to evaluate the effects of Pilates on menstrual pain, symptoms, balance, and quality of life when compared to aerobic exercise. Methods: Thirty-nine women with menstrual pain were randomly divided into the Pilates group (n=13), aerobics group (n=13), and control group (n=13). The Pilates group performed lumbar-pelvic stabilization exercises, while the aerobic group ran on a treadmill. The control group did not undergo any intervention. The experimental groups exercised for four weeks (12 sessions) and did not exercise during menstruation. The Y-balance test was performed on the second day of menstruation to evaluate dynamic balance. The questionnaires administered immediately after menstruation were the visual analog scale (VAS), Korea Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and the modified Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ). The paired t-test was used to compare the effect of exercise within the three groups and a oneway analysis of variance was used to compare between groups. Results: VAS and MEDI-Q scores significantly decreased in the Pilates group after 4 weeks compared with those in the aerobic and control groups. Moreover, ODI and Y-balance scores increased in the Pilates group compared with those in the aerobic and control groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: The Pilates stabilization exercises are effective and help in improving menstrual pain, balance and other menstrual symptoms assessed through ODI, and MEDI-Q, compared to aerobic exercises.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.85-99
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• 2023

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effects of a complex manual therapy program on hip and knee pain occurring together with menstrual pain and iliotibial band tightness in a woman with sacroiliac joint dysfunction. Methods: This study was carried out over a period of 3 months by dividing the treatment process into three sequential stages. Intensities of menstrual pain, hip pain, and knee pain, and hip range of motion (ROM) in the participant were assessed at baseline and at the end of each stage, and a modified intervention was applied according to results of assessments after each stage. Results: There was a decrease in the intensity of menstrual pain after the first and third stages of treatment, and there were reductions in the intensities of hip and knee pain after the third stage. Hip ROM was rather decreased after the second stage, but it was increased after the third stage. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that treatment of the instability and positional fault of sacroiliac joint can relieve hip and knee pain, improve hip ROM, and alleviate primary dysmenorrhea in patients with sacroiliac joint dysfunction.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.18-32
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• 2020

Objectives In order to find out the relationship between the Eight Principle Pattern Identification of Cold-Heat, Deficiency-Excess and the Sasang constitution, we analyzed the clinical data from 500 women with menstrual pain and women without menstrual pain. Methods In the previous study, the subject's information of Typology Complexion Pulse and Symptom was collected, and Eight Principle Pattern Identification was executed based on this. Later, the relationship between the Sasang constitution and the Eight Principle Pattern Identification was statistically analyzed. Results and Conclusion 1. The obvious difference between the experimental group and the control group in the patterns of Cold-Heat and Deficiency-Excess is that patients who complain of menstrual pain do not maintain harmony with the yin-yang ratio, it can be said that the patterns of Cold-Heat and Deficiency-Excess can be a Identification standard that significantly obscures the condition of the disease. 2. There was a significant difference between the Sasang constitution and the Eight Principle Pattern Identification of Cold-Heat. There was no significant difference between the Sasang constitution and the Eight Principle Pattern Identification of Deficiency-Excess.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2004

Background: Obesity is associated with menstrual disorder. Especially, upper-body obesity affects on female reproductive function. Objectives: The goals were to investigate relation between fat distribution and menstrual disorder in obese pre-menopausal Korean females. The hypothesis were tested that there is a relation between upper body obesity and menstrual disorder. Design: A cross-sectional evaluation of 66 Females (baseline age $32.15{\pm}7,32)$ with body mass index $31.22{\pm}4.05\;kg/m^2$. Body composition was measured using bioimpedence analysis (BIA) and anthropometry was done by same observer. VAS and Multidimensional verval rating scale(MVRS) were checked for menstrual pain. Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) was measured for evaluating body fat distribution. Menstrual disorder and body fat distribution were compared using statistical methods. Results: TLFR and WH ratio was higher in menstrual cyclic disorder group than controls. There was negative relationship between VAS and TLFR. Conclusions: The data shows that disorder of menstrual cycle was associated with upper body obesity. WH ratio could be one of the factor of menstrual disorder. VAS was correlated with lower body obesity. Further studies for role of upper body fat distribution on female reproductive function and relationship between menstrual pain and fat distribution thought to be needed.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.174-191
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• 2019

Objectives: This study was aimed to analyze clinical characteristics and menstrual pattern of female patients who have cold hypersensitivity on hands and feet. Methods: This study was performed from May, 2018 to April, 2019. We checked the patients' hand and feet's temperature and those who diagnosed with cold hypersensitivity filled in survey. Data were collected from 27 participants and we divided data into 2 group; Dysmenorrhea group and Non-dysmenorrhea group. Results: Throughout the study, we found out differences between 2 groups in age, height, weight, VAS score of cold hypersensitivity on hands and feet, menstrual pattern, upper and lower extremity temperature difference, pattern identification, VAS of menstrual pain, and pattern of leukorrhea. Conclusions: By analyzing of study, Dysmenorrhea group's VAS score of cold hypersensitivity on hands and feet was $6.67{\pm}1.73$, Non-dysmenorrhea group's VAS score of cold hypersensitivity on hands and feet was $7.78{\pm}1.72$ (p-value 0.015). This shows that the degree of hypersensitivity on hands and feet is not necessarily proportional to the degree of menstrual pain.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was carried out to investigate the effect of tourmaline gemstone therapy on relief of dysmenorrhea and menstrual pain of the female university students. Method: A quasi-experimental study was designed. Data were collected from 39 of the Korean female university students (Exp: 26, Cont: 13) from May, 2006 to December, 2006. The collected data were analysed through $x^2$, t-test and Mann-Whitney test. Result: Dysmenorrhea was significantly decreased in the experimental group over that of the control group (p=.001). In addition, menstrual pain was also significantly decreased in the experimental group over that of the control group (p=.000). Conclusion: It was proven that tourmaline gemstone therapy was effective for dysmenorrhea and menstrual pain.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.120-132
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine clinical studies on the treatment of dysmenorrhea treatments and analyze the results to provide sufficient evidence to provide adequate evidence of the efficacy of the ear-acupuncture treatment on dysmenorrhea patients. Methods: The search for foreign papers used 'Pubmed', a research engine in the America National Library of Medicine. Used searching terms were 'dysmenorrhea' and 'menstrual pain' in all cases. And among these studies, we searched by using key word 'auricular acupuncture' or 'ear acupuncture' or 'auricular acupressure' or 'ear acupressure'. Results: Overall 53 studies, 7 studies were finally selected to this study. There was 1 controlled study, 3 clinical trials, and 3 randomized-control studies. About acupoints in study, the endocrine was used in all 7 papers. Internal genitals, shenmen, sympathesis, kidney, liver were used in 4 papers, central rim, hypo-cortex, uterus were used in 2 papers, central of cymba auriculae was used in 2 paper. In 4 papers, the effect of ear acupuncture treatment was effective in relieving menstrual pain. Moreover, we can see that ear acupuncture therapy was effective in reducing menstrual pain than in oriental herb medicine. Conclusions: As a result of the 7 papers, we found that patients with menstrual pain decreased after ear acupuncture therapy. However, there was little research and it was limited to achieving the results of the analysis. A vigorous clinical study should be conducted to demonstrate the efficacy of ear acupuncture therapy and standardize treatment methods.

• 셀메드
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.18.1-18.4
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• 2015

Dysmenorrhea is the most common gynecological disorder in women of reproductive age. The prevalence of menstrual pain is relatively high and has been shown to be related to many factors like age, age at menarche, menstrual cycle regularity, parity, cigarette smoking, and dietary habits etc. This study was conducted to determine the possible link between dysmenorrhea and the factors related to it. We investigated the associated risk factors that could influence menstrual pain. This Cross Sectional Study was conducted at Dept. of OBG, NIUM, Bangalore. The study consisted of 230 women between the ages of 20 - 49 years. Included volunteers were newly married, nulliparious and parous women. The detailed reproductive history was recorded and was analyzed statistically. It was observed that there were only two factors that were influencing Dysmenorrhea namely the early age at menarche and increase parity. It was hypothesis that earlier start to reproductive life in some way decreases the sensitivity of the uterus to prostaglandin, whereas delayed menarche and postponing reproductive life increase sensitivity of the uterus to prostaglandins and cause severe menstrual pain. It is concluded that early age at menarche and high parity decrease menstrual pain.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.246-252
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• 2013

A descriptive, comparative study was performed using female college students as experimental subjects. The primary objective was to compare the changes in pulse waves that take place during normalcy and during menstruation. The second objective was to compare the pulse waves of experimental subjects with severe menstrual pain and experimental subjects with minor or no menstrual pain during menstruation and during normalcy. The subjects of this experiment were female college students attending D University, located in Pusan, and the data were collected from September 2011 to February 2012. Their blood circulation index and pulse-wave factors were measured. During normalcy, these data were gauged a week to ten days after menstruation, and during menstruation, they were gauged two to three days after the start of menstruation, when the menstrual pain was at its peak. The results was as follows. In the characteristics of the blood circulation index, the index increased during menstruation, resulting in an increase in only the blood volume of the left ventricle. And the pulse energy of the left Chon, Kwan, Cheok and right Cheok were significantly higher during menstruation. Additionally, the average pulse energy in the left hand was distinctively lower in the menstrual group than in the normalcy group. There is a difference in blood pulse factors between normalcy and during menstruation, as well as a difference in blood pulse factors in experiment group without menstrual pain and experiment group with menstrual pain. These differences were particularly observed in the blood circulation index, pulse energy.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.159-168
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of auricular acupressure on menstrual pain, difficulties in daily life, negative feelings and autonomic nervous responses among college students. Methods: A Randomized Controlled Trial design was used. The treatment group A (n=12) receivedauricular acupressure therapy on the first or second day of their menstrual period. Treatment group B (n=18) regularly received an auricular acupressure therapy once a week for a month. The control group (n=19) received no auricular acupressure therapy. An independent t-test was used to examine pre-post test differences in the group. The ANOVA and Scheffe test were used to examine pre-post test differences among the group. Results: Subjects in treatment group A showed significantly less menstrual pain, difficulties in daily life, and negative feelings than the control group did. The participants in treatment group B also showed significantly less difficulties in daily life and negative feelings than the control group. Conclusion: The findings support that auricular acupressure therapy on menstrual periods is effective in controlling menstrual pain, difficulties in daily life, and negative feelings. As the method is simple, it would be useful for female students to learn to use this method to alleviate the symptoms related to menstruation through self care.