• 제목/요약/키워드: Memory disorder

검색결과 144건 처리시간 0.029초

The Moderating Effect of Working Memory on the Relationship between Inattention and Aggressive Behavior in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

  • Jeong, Mi Young;Lee, Yeon Jung;Kim, Jung Ho;Park, Seo Young
    • Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
    • /
    • 제31권4호
    • /
    • pp.207-213
    • /
    • 2020
  • Objectives: Although aggressive behavior in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has previously shown correlations with hyperactivity/impulsivity, few studies have examined its association with inattention or the effect of working memory on aggressive behavior. This study aimed to assess the relationship between inattention and aggressive behavior and the effect of working memory on the relationship between inattention and aggressive behavior in children and adolescents with ADHD. Methods: Thirty-one children and 26 adolescents with ADHD were retrospectively investigated. The subjects completed the Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition (K-WISC-IV), the Korean Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL), and the Korean Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). Results: Inattention was positively correlated with aggressive behavior in children and adolescents with ADHD and working memory showed an insignificant correlation. However, working memory had a significant moderating effect on aggressive behavior by interacting with inattention. The moderating effect of working memory manifested when the working memory index score on the K-WISC-IV was 73.5 points or higher, and it had a significant effect on aggressive behavior. Conclusion: This study shows that the severity of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity should be addressed to provide appropriate treatment to children and adolescents with ADHD who exhibit aggressive behavior.

Neuroprotective effect of Korean Red Ginseng against single prolonged stress-induced memory impairments and inflammation in the rat brain associated with BDNF expression

  • Lee, Bombi;Sur, Bongjun;Oh, Seikwan
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
    • /
    • 제46권3호
    • /
    • pp.435-443
    • /
    • 2022
  • Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disease that develops following exposure to a traumatic event and is a stress-associated mental disorder characterized by an imbalance of neuroinflammation. Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) is the herbal supplement that is known to be involved in a variety of pharmacological activities. We aimed to investigate the effects of KRG on neuroinflammation as a potential mechanism involved in single prolonged stress (SPS) that negatively influences memory formation and consolidation and leads to cognitive and spatial impairment by regulating BDNF signaling, synaptic proteins, and the activation of NF-κB. Methods: We analyzed the cognitive and spatial memory, and inflammatory cytokine levels during the SPS procedure. SPS model rats were injected intraperitoneally with 20, 50, or 100 mg/kg/day KRG for 14 days. Results: KRG administration significantly attenuated the cognitive and spatial memory deficits, as well as the inflammatory reaction in the hippocampus associated with activation of NF-κB in the hippocampus induced by SPS. Moreover, the effects of KRG were equivalent to those exerted by paroxetine. In addition, KRG improved the expression of BDNF mRNA and the synaptic protein PSD-95 in the hippocampus. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that KRG exerts memory-improving actions by regulating anti-inflammatory activities and the NF-κB and neurotrophic pathway. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that KRG is a potential functional ingredient for protecting against memory deficits in mental diseases, such as PTSD.

주의력 결핍/과잉운동 장애와 학습 장애 아동의 기억 기능 비교 (COMPARISON OF MEMORY FUNCTION BETWEEN ATTENTION DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER AND LEARNING DISORDER CHILDREN)

  • 김용희;조수철;신민섭
    • Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
    • /
    • 제13권1호
    • /
    • pp.85-92
    • /
    • 2002
  • 목 적:본 연구에서는 주의력 결핍/과잉운동 장애(ADHD)와 학습장애(LD), 그리고 이 두 장애의 공존질병(ADHD+LD)을 보이는 혼합형 장애 아동 집단을 대상으로 여러 가지 기억 기능을 평가하는 신경심리검 사상에서 세 장애 집단의 수행 차이를 비교하였고, 지능수준과 기억 책략의 사용 여부가 이들의 기억능력 향상에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법:ADHD 아동 11명, LD 아동 5명, 두 장애를 함께 가진 혼합형 장애(ADHD+LD) 아동 9명, 그리고 정상 아동 8명에게 기억 기능과 인지능력을 평가하기 위해 개별적으로 기억력 평가 검사(MAS)와 웩슬러 아동용 지능검사를 실시한 후, 집단간 수행 차이를 비교하였다. 결 과:언어 및 시각 과제에 대한 재인검사를 제외한 제반 기억 검사상에서 통제집단에 비해서 세 장애집단군이 저조한 수행을 보였으며, 특히 ADHD+LD 집단이 가장 저조한 수행을 보였고, 그 다음으로 LD, ADHD 집단의 순으로 전반적인 기억 검사상에서 저조한 수행을 보였다. 이러한 수행 양상은 언어 기억 소검사를 제외한 MAS 검사의 다른 하위검사에서도 동일하게 나타났으며, 제반 기억 검사에서의 우수한 수행은 검사시 아동이 사용하였던 기억 책략 및 오류 반응의 사용정도 유의미한 상관이 있었다. 논 의:ADHD, LD의 공존질병을 가질 경우 기억 및 학습에 더 어려움이 있으며, ADHD, LD, 혼합형 집단을 변별하는데 있어 기억기능을 측정하는 것이 각 장애를 감별진단하는데 도움이 될 가능성이 시사되었다.

  • PDF

Comparing Intelligence Test Profiles to Assess Tourette's Disorder with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

  • Kim, Woo Hyun;Park, Tae Won;Park, Juhyun;Chung, Sang-Keun;Yang, Jong-Chul;Park, Jong-Il;Kim, Eun-Ji;Cho, Eun-Cheong;Park, Jae Cheol
    • Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
    • /
    • 제28권1호
    • /
    • pp.25-30
    • /
    • 2017
  • Objectives: The study compared the intelligence test profiles of Tourette's Disorder (TD), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and TD with ADHD (TD+ADHD) groups. Methods: The Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-third edition (K-WISC-III) and Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-fourth edition (K-WISC-IV) were administered to 13 children and adolescents with TD, 17 children and adolescents with ADHD, and 15 children and adolescents with TD+ADHD. Each parameter was compared among the groups using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The mean scores of the freedom from distractibility/working memory index (FD/WMI) and the digit span and arithmetic subtests of the TD+ADHD group were significantly lower than those of the TD group. Conclusion: According to the intelligence test results, the comorbid ADHD+TD group showed a significant decrease in working memory compared to the TD group. These findings are similar to those of previous research on cognitive functions and suggest that the TD+ADHD comorbid and TD alone groups exhibit different endophenotypes. The results also imply that WISC-III and WISC-IV, the most commonly used intelligence tests clinically, are effective in evaluating cognitive functions such as attention. Further research is required to confirm these results.

약물치료 중인 주의력결핍 과잉행동장애 아동 청소년에서 작업기억훈련이 행동문제와 부모 스트레스에 미치는 부가적 효과 (Augmentative Effects of Working Memory Training on Behavioral Problems and Parental Stress in Medicated Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)

  • 이은경;김혜선;유한익
    • Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
    • /
    • 제28권2호
    • /
    • pp.115-122
    • /
    • 2017
  • Objectives: Executive dysfunctions including working memory deficit have been suggested to be one of the major neuropsychological etiologies of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The purpose of this study was to investigate the augmentative effects of working memory training on the behavioral problems, quality of life, and parental stress of medicated children with ADHD. Methods: Twenty-five children with ADHD, aged 9 to 19 years, who were being treated with ADHD medication, were included. The participants were trained with a commercially available and computerized working memory program ($Cogmed^{(R)}$) for 5 weeks without any alteration of their medication. The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), KIDSCREEN-52 quality of life measure, and Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF) were administered before training, and 4 weeks and 7 months after training, respectively. Results: After completing the training, the anxiety/depression, social problems, thought problems, attention problems, aggressive behavior, and externalizing problems scores in the CBCL were significantly reduced. The score on the Parent-child dysfunctional interaction in the PSI-SF was also decreased. However, the scores related to the quality of life were not changed. These changes were still observed 7 months after the training. Conclusion: Cogmed working memory training can be a promising training option for the additional improvement of behavioral problems and parental stress in medicated children with ADHD.

정신분열병과 기분장애 환자의 언어적 기억능력과 기억과정의 특성에 대한 연구 (Verbal Memory Function and Characteristics of Memory Process in Schizophrenia and Affective Disorder)

  • 이소연;이분희;이정애;김계현;김용구;박선화
    • 생물정신의학
    • /
    • 제12권2호
    • /
    • pp.207-215
    • /
    • 2005
  • Objectives:This study was to compare verbal memory ability among patients with schizophrenia, bipolar manic patients and unipolar depressive patients, and to understand their charicteristics of memory process. Methods:All subjects were hospitalized patients and had been interviewed by using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV(SCID). Schizophrenic patients(N=40), bipolar manic patients(N=17), and unipolar depressive patients(N=20) were assessed with K-AVLT for verbal memory and with K-WAIS for verbal IQ. Three groups were compared regarding total immediate recall, delayed recall, delayed recognition, learning curve, memory retention, and retrieval efficiency under controlled verbal IQ. Multiple regression analysis was performed to find which clinical factors have an influence on verbal memory ability. Results:In MANCOVA, differences of verbal memory test scores among the groups were statistically significant(F=1.800, p<.05). In post hoc analysis, Patients with schizophrenia and bipolar mania showed poorer performance in immediate recall, delayed recall, delayed recognition, retrieval efficiency than unipolar depres- sive patients. And schizophrenics performed poorly in delayed recall, delayed recognition, retrieval efficiency than nonpsychotic affective disorder group, but no difference in total immediate recall, delayed recall, delayed recognition, retrieval efficiency between the schizophrenic group and the psychotic affective group. Conclusions:These results partially confirm previous reports of verbal memory ability among major psychiatric disorders. Our results showed that psychotic symptoms were related with verbal memory, and longer duration of illness was related with poorer performance in schizophrenia and unipolar depression.

  • PDF

단기 기억상실을 주증(主症)으로 하는 6례(例)의 임상보고 -중기(中氣), 건망(健忘), 해리성 기억장애 중심으로 (6 Clinical Reports of Temporary Severe Amnesia Patients -focusing on amnesia, hysteric convulsion, dissociative disorder)

  • 오영진;김보경
    • 동의신경정신과학회지
    • /
    • 제16권2호
    • /
    • pp.287-299
    • /
    • 2005
  • Dissociative disorder is a psychiatric disorder characterized by a sudden loss of memory, but which has no organic disease or explanation. It usually occurs after heavy psychosocial stress or traumatic experience. A transient cerebral ischemic attack (TIA) is an acute episode of temporary and focal loss of cerebral function of vascular origin. TIAs are rapid in onset; symptoms reach their maximal manifestation in fewer than 5 minutes. Manifestations are of variable duration and typically last 2-15 minutes(rarely as long as 24 h). Most TIA durations are less than 1 hour. Of concern is the careful detection of changes in behavior, speech, gait, memory, movement, and vision. TIAs are uncommon in persons younger than 60 years. I treat 6 cases of Sudden Temporary Amnesia Patients with oriental medicine and they are improved. All of them had amnesia for $6{\sim}10\;hours$. During that time, they show behavioral changes and they are not on the state of unconsciousness. After recovery, they also forget what happen at the time. they have some emotional reason too. In conclusion, 4 cases of them belong to dissociative disorder and 2 other cases, TIA.

  • PDF

Antiamnesic potentials of Foeniculum vulgare Linn. in mice

  • Joshi, Hanumanthachar;Parle, Milind
    • Advances in Traditional Medicine
    • /
    • 제7권2호
    • /
    • pp.182-190
    • /
    • 2007
  • Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with a decline in cognitive abilities. Dementia is one of the aged related mental problems and a characteristic symptom of Alzheimer's disease. Nootropic agents like piracetam and cholinesterase inhibitors like $Donepezil^{\circledR}$ are used in situations where there is organic disorder in learning abilities, but the resulting side-effects associated with these agents have limited their utility. Foeniculum (F.) vulgare Linn. is widely used in Indian traditional systems of medicines and also as a house remedy for nervous debility. The present work was undertaken to assess the potential of F. vulgare as a nootropic and anti-cholinesterase agent in mice. Exteroceptive behavioral models such as Elevated plus maze and Passive avoidance paradigm were employed to assess short term and long term memory in mice. To delineate the possible mechanism through which F. vulgare elicits the anti-amnesic effects, its influence on central cholinergic activity was studied by estimating the whole brain acetylcholinesterase activity. Pretreatment of methanolic extract of fruits of F. vulgare Linn. for 8 successive days, ameliorated the amnesic effect of scopolamine (0.4 mg/kg) and aging induced memory deficits in mice. F. vulgare extract significantly decreased transfer latencies of young mice and aged mice, increased step down latency and exhibited significant anti-acetyl cholinesterase effects, when compared to piracetam, scopolamine and control groups of mice. F. vulgare might prove to be a useful memory restorative agent in the treatment of dementia seen in the elderly.

치매 환자의 매선 요법 치료에 관한 치험 3예 (The Case Report of 3 Dementia Patients Treated by Needle-Embedding Therapy)

  • 배달빛;박장호;유윤선;이고은;정현국;강형원;유영수
    • 동의신경정신과학회지
    • /
    • 제23권3호
    • /
    • pp.99-116
    • /
    • 2012
  • Objectives : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of Needle-Embedding Therapy on dementia patients. Methods : We recruited 3 dementia patients who have been experiencing memory disorder and orientation disorder. The patients had been evaluated with Mini-Mental State Examination-K (MMSE-K), Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR). The patients were treated with herbal medication (Sunghyangjunggi-san) and acupuncture. After 15 days, the patients were added to Needle-Embedding Therapy. We measured MMSE-K, GDS and CDR for every 15 days. The effects of additional Needle-Embedding Therapy were compared with the effects of acupuncture and herbal medicine. Results : After Needle-Embedding Therapy was added, Patients' memory and orientation have been improved and the score of MMSE-K ascended. The grade of GDS and CDR were maintained or decreased. Conclusions : This study suggests that Needle-Embedding Therapy is significantly effective on Dementia patients.

외상후 스트레스 장애 환자에서 해마용적과 기억기능 (Hippocampal Volume and Memory Function in Patients with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder)

  • 정문용;정화용;유현;정혜경;최진희
    • 생물정신의학
    • /
    • 제8권1호
    • /
    • pp.131-139
    • /
    • 2001
  • This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of PTSD on memory function and hippocampal volume, and to identify major variables correlated to hippocampal volume and memory function. Thirty four Vietnam veterans were collected for this study, among whom eighteen were PTSD patients and sixteen were combat control subjects. The author used Impact of Event Scale(IES), Combat Exposure Scale(CES), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HDRS) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Korea Memory Assessment Scale(K-MAS) was assessed for memory function. Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) was used to measure hippocampal volume. There were significant differences between PTSD and Non-PTSD veterans in IES, HDRS and BDI. Significant difference was found in verbal memory and total memory of K-MAS between PTSD and Non-PTSD veterans. There was significant difference in hippocampal volume between PTSD and Non-PTSD veterans. Short term memory, verbal memory and total memory were positively correlated to hippocampal volume. Hippocampal volume was negatively correlated to IES, HDRS, and BDI. These results suggest that PTSD severity be associated with hippocampal atrophy and memory dysfunction. Reduced or smaller hippocampal volume may be preexisting risk factor for stress exposure or the development of PTSD on combat exposure.

  • PDF