• Membrane Journal
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1997

A review is presented for various gas transport mechanisms through microporous membranes of both polymeric and inorganic materials. Different transport modes manifest depending on the pore size and the flow regime, which is a function of pressure, temperature, and the interaction between gas molecules and the pore walls. For microporous membranes whose pores are small and the internal surface area huge, the surface diffusion becomes a significant factor. If the pores become even smaller, then the transport mechanism will be more of an activated diffusion type. When conditions are right capillary condensation will take place to create an enormous capillary pressure gradient, which will greatly enhance the permeation flux. At the same time the capillary condensate of the heavier component may block the membrane pores denying the passage of the lighter gas molecules. All of these phenomena will influence the separation of mixtures.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1995.09a
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• pp.1-13
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• 1995

A review is presented for various gas tranport mechanisms through microporous membranes of both polymeric and inorganic materials. Different transport modes manifest depending on the pore size and the flow regime, which is a function of pressure, temperature, and the inateraction between gas molecules and the pore walls. For microporous membranes whose pores are small and the intenal surface area huge, the surface diffusion becomes a significant factor. If the pores become even smaller, them the transport mechanism will be more of an activated diffusion type. When conditions are right capillary condensation will take place to create an enormous capillary pressure gradient, which will greatly enhance the permeation flux. At the same time the capillary condensate of the heavier component may block the membrane pores denying the passage of the lighter gas molecules. All of these phenomena will influence the separation of mixtures.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.25-28
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• 2003

Low cost composite metallic membranes for the hydrogen separation and production have been prepared by using thin Pd-Ag foils reinforced by metallic (stainless steel and nickel) structures. Especially, “supported membranes” have been obtained by a diffusion welding procedure in which Pd-Ag thin foils have been joined with perforated metals (nickel) and expanded metals (stainless steel): in these membranes the thin palladium foil assures both the high hydrogen permeability and the perm-selectivity while the metallic support provides the mechanical strength. A second studied method of producing "laminated membranes" consists of coating non-noble metal sheets with very thin palladium layers by diffusion welding and cold-rolling. Palladium thin coatings over these metals reduce the activation energy of the hydrogen adsorption process and make them permeable to the hydrogen. In this case, the dense non-noble metal has been used as a support structure of the thin Pd-Ag layers coated over its surfaces: a proper thickness of the metal assures the mechanical strength, the absence of defects (cracks, micro-holes) and the complete hydrogen selectivity of the membrane. membrane.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.128-131
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• 2004

The composite mesoporous ceramic membranes were prepared with ${\gamma}$-alumina and poly (2, 6-dimethyl-l, 4-pyphenylene oxide) (PPO) on the surface of the macroporous $\alpha$-alumina ceramic membranes and the permeation results were compared with those of the $\alpha$-alumina membrane for large-scale applications. In the results of the transport experiments, the ceramic membranes gave high gas permeances mainly due to Knudsen diffusion and surface diffusion as an additional mechanism. And, the polymer modification increased the permeances of the strongly adsorbing gas components. In this study the modifications of alumina ceramic membranes could increase the gas permeation performances especially for the strongly absorbing gas components.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.311-318
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• 2000

To improve $CO_2$pemselectivity, a modified silica membrane was prepared by chemical vapor deposition with tetraethoxysilane(TEOS)-ethanol-water, and TEOS-ethanol-water-HCI solution at 300-$600^{\circ}C$. The silica was effectively deposited in the mesopores of a ${\gamma}$-alumina film coated on a porous $\alpha$-alumina tube by evacuating the reactants through the porous wall. In this membrane, $CO_2$interacts, to some extent, with the pore wall, and $CO_2$/$N_2$selectivity then exceeds the value of the Knudsen diffusion mechanism, while the membrane derived from TEOS alone has no $CO_2$selectivity. The silica membrane prepared from TEOS-ethanol-water-HCI solution showed that $CO_2$permeance was $2.5$\times$10^{-7}mol/s^{-1}.m^{-2}.Pa^{-1} at 30{\circ}C$ and $CO_2$/$N_2$selectivity was approximately 3. The $CO_2$permeance and selectivity was improved by enlarging the surface diffusion with modification of chemical affinity of the silica pores.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.256-263
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• 2012

We studied the degradation phenomenon of Pt catalyst in PEMFC. We used the electron microscope analysis technique including the ultra-microtome pretreatment method, FEG-SEM and TEM analysis methods for analysis of Pt nanoparticles. The Pt catalyst degradation is observed not only in electrode site but also in membrane site. We investigated these various degradation phenomena. The cathode electrode layer thickness is reduced. The size of the catalyst is increased much larger than initial size in membrane site. The catalyst moved from electrode layer to the electrolyte membrane. The rounded shape of catalyst was changed to the polygon. As a result, we found that the catalyst degradation processes of migration and coarsening occurred by the followings mechanisms; (1) dissolution of Pt ; (2) diffusion of Pt ion ; (3) Pt ion chemical reduction in membrane; (4) Coarsening of Pt particles (Ostwald ripening) ; (5) polygon shape change of Pt by {111} plane growth.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.50-56
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• 2022

In this work, the solvent permeation and separation performance of organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) membranes were evaluated. Particularly, the PuraMem (PM) series developed for nonpolar solvents were analyzed and tested in dead-end filtration system. PM membranes exhibited higher permeance for nonpolar solvents compared to polar solvents, and their rejection data did not follow conventional trends with respect to solute size. The data showed that simple solution-diffusion model is not suitable to describe the OSN membrane behavior, and a better solvent-solute-membrane interaction parameter must be developed.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.210-216
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• 2007

Porous nickel membrane far high precision gas filter was prepared by in-situ reduced/sintered process of NiO with an addition of polymer(PMMA; polymethyl methacrylate). It showed that the porosity of Ni membrane was approximately 52%. It is similar to metal membrane which prepared using metal fiber as raw materials. The average pore diameter and porosity of Ni membrane increased as content of added polymer and decreased as elevating reduced/sintered temperature from $800^{\circ}C$ to $1000^{\circ}C$. Increase of porosity at $800^{\circ}C$ was associated with surface diffusion mechanism that leads to initial sintering, while decrease of porosity at $1000^{\circ}C$ was associated with lattice diffusion and grain boundary diffusion.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 2004.03a
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• pp.1-11
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• 2004

Ion-exchange membranes have been widely used in various applications such as diffusion dialysis, electrolysis, electrodialysis, fuel cell etc [1-2]. When an electric current passes through the membrane system, the current is carried by both positive and negative ions in the bulk solution phases, whereas it is carried mainly by the counter-ions in the membrane. (omitted)

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1991.10a
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• pp.47-48
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• 1991

The pressure in RO leads to a concentration difference across the membrane, while the concentration difference in PVAP across the membrane is achieved by applying a vacuum to the downstream compartment. Therefore, it could be possible to compare this two processes using the solution-diffusion mechanism.