• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.147-157
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• 2023

병풀추출물은 다양한 효능으로 인하여 화장품 원료로 많이 사용되지만, 분자량이 크고 용해도가 낮아 피부에의 흡수 효과를 기대하기 어렵다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 지질 기반 다양한 형태의 리포좀을 개발하여 피부흡수율을 높이고자 하였다. 이에 본 연구에서는 기존 리포좀에 edge activator로서 계면활성제를 사용하여 트렌스퍼좀을 제조함으로써 피부흡수율을 높이고자 하였다. 리포좀과 Span 80 및 Tween 20, 60, 80, 85를 각각 함유한 트렌스퍼좀을 high-pressure homogenizer를 이용하여 제조하였고, 입자크기, 다분산지수, 제타전위, 피부흡수율에 대하여 평가하였다. 그 결과, 25 ℃에서 60 d까지 입자크기, 다분산지수 및 제타전위의 물성변화가 거의 없었으며, 45 ℃에서는 60 d 경과 후에 Tween 20, 60, 80을 함유한 트렌스퍼좀의 입자크기가 증가하였다. Franz diffusion cell을 이용한 피부흡수율은 병풀추출물의 주요 성분 중 하나인 madecassoside를 지표 성분으로 사용하여 계산하였다. 그 결과, Tween 20을 함유한 제형에서 가장 흡수율이 높았으며, 반면에 Span 80을 함유한 제형에서 가장 적었다. 흡수계수(Kp) 값에 의하면 모든 제형에서 'very fast'로 나타났고, Span 80을 함유한 제형을 제외하고 리포좀보다 흡수 속도가 유사하거나 크게 나타났다. 이를 통하여 비이온성 계면활성제의 HLB 값이 클수록 트렌스퍼좀의 입자크기가 작았으며, 베시클 막의 유연성 향상으로 피부흡수율이 증가함을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해 edge activator로서 계면활성제를 사용한 트렌스퍼좀은 화장품 원료나 제품으로서뿐만 아니라 피부흡수율 증가로 피부의 국소적 문제 해결 가능성을 기대할 수 있다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.23-31
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• 1973

Numerous factors concern with the absorption of substances through the membrane of the gastrointestinal tract. To simplify the experimental condition, present work has been restricted to observe the disappearance rate of substance from the intestinal loop which was made in the jejunum, 70 cm apart from the pylorus of the adult rabbit. The purpose of the study is to clarify the absorption of urea through the jejunal wall is solely attributable to the concentration difference between the luminal fluid and plasma, and to observe the effect of adding red pepper upon the rate of absorption. The rabbits were anesthetized with nembutal, 35mg/kg I.V. Jejunal loop was made by ligating at 2 spots, 70 cm and 80cm apart from the pylorus. After rinsing with normal saline solution through the polyethylene tubing inserted from the end of the loop, 8 ml of test solution was placed through the same tubing. The test solution contained 200 mg% of urea and 150mg% of polyethylene glycol(M.W. 4,000) in normal saline solution. Right after placing the test solution the first specimen was taken through the tubing, and successive samplings were performed at 5, 10, 20, and 30 minutes. Logarithm of the difference of urea concentration between the luminal fluid and plasma was plotted against time elapsed after the onset of the experiment. If straight line is revealed, it would verify the nature of transport mechanism as diffusion, obeying the Fick's principle. The concentration of polyethylene glycol (PEG) was also measured in order to examine the change in the volume. PEG was used as the marker substance because it is not absorbable in the intestinal tract. Consequently the concentration of PEG relates inversely to the volume of the loop. Instantaneous concentration of urea in the loop times the volume will give the amount of urea remaining in the luminal fluid. The change in the amount of any substance is directly relate to the volume of the compartment and differs from the change in the concentration which is independent of the volume. After completion of the experiment without red pepper, it was added in the test solution and was centrifuged after thorough mixing. Supernatant of the mixture was placed in the loop and similar sampling were performed with the same time intervals that of previous run in order to observe the effects of the red pepper on the passive transport of the water soluble small substance, urea. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Logarithm of the concentration difference of urea between the luminal fluid and plasma was diminished exponentially as time elapsed. The decay constant in the experiment without red pepper was 0.0563/min. By adding red pepper in the test solution as much as the concentration rose to 4,000 mg% and 8,000 mg%, the decay constants were lowered to 0.0493/min and to 0.0506/min, respectively. The time interval by which the concentration difference dropped to one half of the initial value was prolonged. Without red pepper the half concentration time was 13.30 minutes, and by adding extract of red pepper, 15.31 minutes and 15.71 minutes were revealed. 2. The profile of the diminishing rate of tile amount of urea was quite different from that of the concentration because of the change in the volume of the loop during the observed period. 3. By adding the extract of red pepper, it slowed down the rate of absorption of urea in the intestinal loop, suggesting an increase in the diffusional barrier. 4. Larger dosage of red pepper brought an increase in the secretion of intestinal fluid with concomitant expansion of the luminal volume, and the retardation of the absorption of urea was noticed. This effect was largely dependent on the sensitivity of the individual animal to the red pepper, extract. The amount of urea remained after 10 minutes interval was 55.5% of the initial amount in the experiment without red pepper. On the other hand it was not consistent after administration of red pepper, showing 50.6% and 66.5% of the initial figures by adding 400 mg and 800 mg of red pepper in the test solution, respectively. It was postulated that symptom of diarrhea often encountered by taking a hot (red pepper) food might be attributable to the increase of secretion and the retardation of absorption in the intestinal tract.