• 아동학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.65-79
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• 1992

The present study investigated perception of social authority by children and adolescents removed from illegally built shacks 181 children and adolescents from illegally built shacks and 200 comparative respondants of middle socioeconomic status were investigated. Perception of the social authority figures was classified by 5 categories(self, family member, neighbor, teacher and peer. social authority, collective member) in terms of contactable possibility and psychological distance. The data were analyzed by Hest. The results showed that (1) compared with their middle class peers(M group) children and adolescents from illegally built shacks(S group) perceived social authority figures positively, while they perceived their own family members less favorably. (2) The S group regarded their teachers as more valuable and able than M group. (3) The S group perceived social authority figures, i. e., statemen. polices. national assembly members. public servants and enterprisers, less favorably than their family members. (4) There were main effects of the age and sex variables of respondants. (5) There was an interaction effects between the age. sex and SES variables and was also interation effect between age. sex and task variables in cognition for the social authority figures. There was also an interaction effect between age and SES variables in perception for the personal traits of the social authority figures.

• 의정연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.187-217
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• 2009

연구는 제17대 국회에서 입법에 성공한 양성평등법안을 대상으로 국회의원들의 본회의 표결에서 성차가 존재하는지, 또한 의원의 성별 이외에 양성평등 법안에 대한 본회의 표결에 영향을 미치는 요인은 무엇인지를 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 국회여성가족위원회가 양성평등법안으로 분류한 법안에 대한 국회의원들의 본회의 표결결과를 연구자료로 구축하여 통계분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과 양성평등법안에 대한 의원들의 투표행태에서 '성차'는 발견되지 않았으며, 소속정당과 이념이 중요한 요인으로 나타났다. 기대와 달리 '성차'가 발견되지 않은 이유는 남녀를 불문하고 양성평등법안에 대한 높은 수준의 지지가 존재했기 때문이다. 반면, 정당변수의 경우 다수당 주도의 입법의제에 대한 야당의 반대가 두드러졌다. 또한 진보적인 의원일수록 양성평등정책에 찬성하는 것으로 나타났다. 이런 분석결과는 의원의 투표행태를 예측하는 핵심변수로서 정당의 중요성을 다시 한 번 확인한 것이다. 특히 지지기반이 취약한 비례대표 의원이 다수인 여성의원의 경우 강한 정당기율로부터 자유로울 수 없을 것이다. 또한 법안내용이 뚜렷한 가치지향성을 가질 때, 의원의 이념성향 역시 투표행태에 영향을 미친다는 점이 확인되었다.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2013

Springback is a very typical dimensional discrepancy phenomenon, which occurs usually on the final stamping parts after the tool loading is removed. Variation of springback leads to amplified variations and problems during assembly of the stamped components, in turn, resulting in quality issues. The variations in the properties of the incoming material and process parameters are the main causes of springback variation. In this research, a robust design methodology which combines orthogonal array based experimental design and design space reduction skim to reduce the springback variation for advanced high strength steel parts in sheet metal forming is suggested. The concept of design space reduction is adapted in the experimental design setup to improve the quality of the obtained solution. The effectiveness of the proposed procedures is illustrated through a robust design of springback in metal forming process of a cross member of auto body.

• 천문학회보
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.53.1-53.1
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• 2014

The M81 group is a nearby galaxy group hosted by M81, a twin galaxy of Milky Way. This galaxy group is considered as an ideal laboratory for near-field cosmology to understand mass assembly and evolution of galaxies in the group environment. We designed a project to investigate spectroscopic properties of globular cluster candidates in this group. We obtained spectra of globular cluster candidates using the MMT/Hectospec as a part of the K-GMT Science Program. Our main targets include globular cluster candidates of the M81 group member galaxies and those wandering in the intragroup region. We also observed supernova remnants and some background galaxies. Observing fields covered about 2 square degrees including three main galaxies of the M81 group. Using these spectra, we will identify globular clusters in the M81 group, and investigate their properties including age and metallicity. We will discuss the MMT/Hectospec data reduction processes, and future plan for this project.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.105-117
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• 2016

The objective of this work is to study the restraining effect in fire resistance of framed structures and to evaluate the global response of reinforced concrete frames when exposed to fire based on advanced finite element method. To study the response a single portal frame is analyzed. The effect of floor slab on this frame is studied by modeling a beam-column-slab assembly. The evolution of temperature distribution, internal stresses and deformations of the frame subjected to ISO 834 standard fire curve for both the frames are studied. The thermal and structural responses are evaluated and a comparison of results of individual members and entire structure is done. From the study it can be seen that restraining forces has significant influence on both stresses and deflection and overall response of the structure when compared to individual structural member. Among the various structural elements, columns are the critical members in fire and failure of column causes the failure of entire structure. The fire rating of various structural elements of the frame is determined by various failure criteria and is compared with IS456 2000 tabulated fire rating.

• 의정연구
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.5-33
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• 2020

제21대 국회의원 선거를 앞두고 비례대표 선거법이 개정되어 준연동형 비례대표제가 도입되었다. 선거법 개정의 취지는 다당제를 강화하는 방향의 제도적 개혁을 통해 국회의원 선거제도의 비례성과 대표성을 높이려는 것이었다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 병립형 비례대표 선거제도를 유지했을 때의 선거 결과와 비교를 통해 거대정당들의 비례대표 위성정당 창립으로 인해서 준연동형 비례대표제 도입의 효과가 기존 병립형 비례대표 선거제도의 결과와 별 차이가 없음을 보였다. 그 결과 다당제를 활성화하려는 제도설계의 의도와는 달리 오히려 1987년 민주화 이후 두 거대정당이 가장 많은 의석을 차지하는 의도하지 않은 결과를 가져왔다는 사실을 밝혔다. 또한, 최근 한국정치에서 논의되고 있는 정당체제 재편성 주장과 관련해서 부산·울산·경남 지역은 영남지역 균열에서 해체되어 정당 재편성의 과정을 겪고 있으며, 아직 재편성 단계에 들어간 것이 아니라 유동적인 해체의 단계에 머무르고 있음을 주장했다.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.125-131
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• 2022

Structural design for shipbuilding is generally divided into three stages: the basic, detailed, and production designs, of which the production design is the most frequently revised among the three design stages. The revision involved in production design department was approximately 61% of the total 4,211 revision members and approximately 56% of the total 710 revision cases in the survey on the number of design revisions for nine ships. In this study, members and drawings with a high revision rate were investigated, and related design departments were identified. In addition, the work contents of the design department were analyzed to reduce the number of design revisions and three tasks are very frequently revised were selected. A survey was conducted with engineers engaged in the production design, after which, standards were proposed for the method of aggregating bills of materials, to employ macros to calculate the length of members and that of profile input data when reviewing drawings. Via the study, it was determined that the major causes of design revision are simple mistakes by engineers or lack of understanding on structural arrangement of basic members more than intricacies of prior design and high level specification. As a result of applying the proposed standards, it was confirmed that the design revision was reduced by approximately 40%.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.683-688
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• 2011

2007년 4월에 타결된 한-EU FTA가 2011년 5월 국회에서 의결되어 비준이 체결되었다. 한-EU FTA가 타결되어 비준화 됨에 따라 법률서비스 시장개방절차는 1단계로서 EU 회원국 로펌의 국내 대표 사무소(외국법자문법률사무소)의 설립이 허용되고, 2단계는 외국법자문법률사무소가 국내로펌과 국내외법이 혼재된 사건을 공동처리 및 이익분배가 가능해진다. 3단계로는 EU 회원국 로펌이 국내 로펌과 합작기업 설립이 허용된다. 본 논문에서는 한-EU FTA 비중에 따른 법률서비스와 포렌식 수사에 미치는 변화와 영향을 연구한다. 또한 법률 증거의 대부분을 차지하는 디지털 포렌식 증거가 공판중심주의 속에서 차지하는 위치와 전망을 연구한다. 전문증거로서 디지털 증거가 재판에 미치는 영향을 예측하여, 법률시장 개방화에 대처할 수 있으며, 영미법계의 로펌의 국내시장에 진출에 슬기롭게 대비할 수 있을 것이다.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2009

Nitric oxide (NO) acts as an intracellular messenger at the physiological level but can be cytotoxic at high concentrations. The cells within periodontal tissues, such as gingival and periodontal fibroblasts, contain nitric oxide syntheses and produce high concentrations of NO when exposed to bacterial lipopolysaccharides and cytokines. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying NO-induced cytotoxicity in periodontal tissues are unclear at present. In our current study, we examined the NO-induced cytotoxic mechanisms in human gingival fibroblasts (HGF). Cell viability and the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined using a MTT assay and a fluorescent spectrometer, respectively. The morphological changes in the cells were examined by Diff-Quick staining. Expression of the Bcl-2 family and Fas was determined by RT-PCR or western blotting. The activity of caspase-3, -8 and -9 was assessed using a spectrophotometer. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor, decreased the cell viability of the HGF cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. SNP enhanced the production of ROS, which was ameliorated by NAC, a free radical scavenger. ODQ, a soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor, did not block the SNP-induced decrease in cell viability. SNP also caused apoptotic morphological changes, including cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, and DNA fragmentation. The expression of Bax, a member of the proapoptotic Bcl-2 family, was upregulated in the SNP-treated HGF cells, whereas the expression of Bcl-2, a member of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family, was downregulated. SNP augmented the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytosol and enhanced the activity of caspase-8, -9, and -3. SNP also upregulated Fas, a component of the death receptor assembly. These results suggest that NO induces apoptosis in human gingival fibroblast via ROS and the Bcl-2 family through both mitochondrial- and death receptor-mediated pathways. Our data also indicate that the cyclic GMP pathway is not involved in NO-induced apoptosis.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.223-229
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• 2011

Cyclophilins are originally identified as cytosolic binding protein of the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine A. They have an activity of peptidyl prolyl cis/trans-isomerases (PPIase), which may play important roles in protein folding, trafficking, assembly and cell signaling. In this study, we report the cloning and characterization of a Bombyx mori cyclophilin A (bCypA) cDNA. The full-length cDNA of bCypA consist of 947 nucleotides with a polyadenylation signal sequence AATAAA and contain an open reading frame of 498 nucleotides encoding a polypeptide of 166 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of bCypA shares a central peptidyl prolyl cis/trans-isomerase and a cyclosporin-A-binding domain with other cyclophilin sequences. Relative quantification real-time (RT) PCR analysis shows that mRNA transcripts of bCypA are detected in all the investigated tissues and highest expression level in the skin of 3-day-old 5 instar larva. Also, bCypA had PPIase activity on the proline-containing peptides. Accordingly, we suggest that bCypA is a new member of the cyclophilin A (CyPA) family and will be useful for quality control of bioactivity recombinant proteins with proline-containing peptides.