• 생명과학회지
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.1207-1213
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• 2016

오미자(Schisandrae Fructus)와 상엽(Mori folium)은 한국, 중국, 일본을 포함한 아시아 지역에서 오랫동안 식품자원 및 전통 의약제로 광범위하게 사용되어 왔다. 최근 연구에 따르면 오미자와 상엽은 항균, 항염증, 항산화, 면역기능 조절 및 혈관신생억제 등과 같은 많은 효능을 가지는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 오미자(SF), 상엽(MF) 에탄올 단독추출물 및 복합추출물(medicinal herber mixture, MHMIX)에 대한 독성 및 안전성에 대해서는 거의 알려져 있지 않은 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 SF, MF 및 MHMIX가 유발하는 급성독성 및 안전성을 확인하였다. 이를 위하여 ICR mice를 대상으로 SF, MF 및 MHMIX 5,000 mg/kg을 최고농도로 설정하여 단회 경구 투여하였으며, 투여 후 14일 동안의 치사율, 체중 변화, 임상증상, 음수율 및 사료섭취량과 함께 부검 소견, 장기무게 변화, 혈액학 및 혈액생화학적 검사를 실시하였다. 결과에서 나타난 바와 같이 SF, MF 및 MHMIX의 투여 후 치사율, 임상증상, 체중 및 부검 소견 상의 유의적인 변화는 관찰되지 않았다. 또한 SF, MF 및 MHMIX 투여에 따른 각 장기의 무게, 혈액학적 및 혈청학적 임상 화학적 지표에도 유의적인 변화는 관찰할 수 없었다. 따라서 SF, MF 및 MHMIX는 단회 경구 투여에 따른 치사량이 5,000 mg/kg 이상일 것으로 추정되어 ICR 마우스에 대하여 급성독성이 없는 비교적 안전한 물질이라는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 향후 천연물 소재로서의 효능 규명을 통한 활용이 기대된다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.178-183
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• 1993

1989년(年) 10월(月)부터 1990년(年) 5월(月)까지 국내(國內) 시판(市販) 생약중(生藥中) 작약(芍藥)에 대(對)하여 생약(生藥)의 안정성(安全性)과 유효성(有效性) 및 품질관리상(品質管俚上)의 기초자료(基礎資料)를 얻고자 생약근중(生藥根中)에 존재(存在)하는 Paeoniflorin 및 회분(灰分)과 무기성분(無機成分) 함량(含量)을 조사분석(調査分析)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 9개(個) 수집지역(蒐集地域)의 작약근중(芍藥根中)의 Paeoniflorin 함량(含量)은 평균(平均) 2.87%였다. 2. 회분함량(灰分含量)은 평균(平均) 4.28%로 대한약전(大韓藥典) 규격(規格) 6.5% 이하(以下)였으며 산불용성(酸不溶性) 회분(灰分) 함량(含量)은 평균(平均) 0.55%로써 기준치(基準値) 0.5%보다 0.05% 정도(程度) 상회(上廻)하였다. 3. 9개(個) 수집지역(蒐集地域)의 작약근중(芍藥根中)의 평균(平均) 총질소(總窒素) 함량(含量)은 0.70%, 인산(燐酸)은 0.69%, 칼륨은 0.73%, 칼슘은 1.02%, 철함량(鐵含量)은 82.15ppm이었다. 4. 아연함량(亞鉛含量)은 평균(平均) 34.59ppm이어서 주요농산물중(主要農産物中)의 대두(大豆) 및 보리와 대등(對等)한 함량(含量)을 나타내었고 마그네슘 함량(含量)은 평균(平均) 0.25%이었다. 5. 시판용(市販用) 작양근중(芍藥根中)의 평균(平均) Cd 함량(含量)은 0.31ppm Cu 함량(含量)은 4.95ppm Pb 함량(含量)은 2.47ppm이었고 특(特)히 생약중(生藥中) 잔류량(殘留量) 문제(問題)로 심각(深刻)한 Pb 함량(含量)으로 보아 국내산(國內産) 시판용(市販用) 작약(芍藥)으로써는 큰 문제(問題)가 없을 것으로 판단(判斷)되었다. 6. 작약(芍藥)은 토양별(土壤別), 재식년수별(裁植年數別), 재식지역(栽培地域) 또는 재식방법(栽培方法)과 가공(加工) 조제(調劑) 방법(方法)에 따라서 생약(生藥)으로 사용(使用)되는 근중(根中)의 Paeoniflorin 및 회분(灰分) 함량(含量), 3요소(要素) 함량(含量), 중금속함량(重金屬含量) 등(等)에 많은 차이(差異)가 있을 것이며 향후(向後) 더 많은 연구(硏究) 검토(檢討)가 요망(要望)된다.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.117-130
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• 2008

Korean traditional medicine has been used for the treatment of the various diseases based on both oriental medicinal theory and clinical trials. Thus, the prescriptions of Korean traditional medicine would be useful for the development of new therapeutics. This research focuses on the fundamental study in Korean traditional prescriptions for the development of new hepatoprotective agents. We found two prescriptions. Injinho-Tang and Osumogwa-Tang, showed the significant DPPH free radical scavenging and hepatoprotective effect, respectively. It is well-known that free radical scavenging effect is related to the prevention of various pathological events including liver injury. This paper deals with hepatoprotective effects on tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells, free radicals scavenging on both DPPH and superoxide of above two prescriptions. Hot water extract of Injinho-Tang did not show the significant hepatoprotective effect on tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells, however, it shows the significant scavenging effects for both DPPH and superoxide radicals. On the other hand, all of the hot water extracts of constituent herbal drugs in Injinho-Tang exhibited the promising protective effect on tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells. Of these, water extract of Rhei Rhizoma showed the most prominent effect on tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells. Bioassay-guided fractionation of Rhei Rhizoma extract has furnished four compounds, and their chemical structures have been identified by comparison of their spectral data with those of literature as chrysophanol (1), emodin (2), 3,5-dihydroxy-4'- methoxystilbene (3), and rhapontigenin (4), respectively. Among the isolated compounds, compounds 2-4 revealed the significant hepatoprotective effect in vitro when their $EC_{50}$ values compare with that of silybin, as a positive control. It also exhibited that emodin possessed the most hepatoprotective effect among these active compounds. In case of Osumogwa-Tang, its hot water extract showed the moderate protective effect on tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells. Hot water extract of Chaenomelis Fructus, one of the constituent herbal drug of this prescription, exhibited the significant hepatoprotective effect with $EC_{50}$ value of $7.8{\pm}0.1\;{\mu}g/ml$, however, it showed strong cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells above the concentration of $25\;{\mu}g/ml$. It was revealed that both hot water extract of Evodiae Fructus and its butanol soluble fraction showed the moderate hepatoprotective effect but concentration-dependent activity in Hep G2 assay system. Two quinolone alkaloids, evocarpine and dihydroevocarpine, also tested for their hepatoprotective effects on tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells, however, these two compounds derived from the Evodiae Fructus as the major constituents did not show in vitro hepatoprotective effect. From these results, it would be necessary to further isolation of its hepatoprotective compounds from the butanol soluble fraction of the hot water extract of Evodiae Fructus.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.369-381
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• 2011

Ginseng in Korea has not only the big production value but also till a good reputation from overseas in the name of 'Korea Ginseng'. Having spread rapidly nationwide from 2000 year, its production keeps on increasing but its consumption becomes lazy and its price is also falling down because of comsumer's concern about mainly overusing pesticide for ginseng. In order to cope with this problem, the government introduced the GAP certification system to ginseng in 2006 to reflect consumer's needs for food safety. This system will be a good opportunity to promote ginseng consumption dramatically. In this aspect it is very important to know how well this system is established and how ginseng farmers build marketing strategies to draw new wind in the market. This study was carried out to look over the GAP certified ginseng system and show its marketing strategies using 4P's(product, place, promotion and price). The main results are as follows. GAP ginseng system currently has some weaknesses such as lack of systematic certification management and after-service, nonrealistic certification fee and poor linkage from production to consumption. In the marketing mix strategies, product strategy suggests that the most desirable appearance be transplanted ginseng filled with branch roots and 4 to 5 year-ginseng, and it is necessary to choose multi-brand strategy divided for present into for self-sufficiency and family brand strategy by use if its brand enlarges to processed products in the future. In the place strategy, 3 stages like 'producer group' - 'GAP certified facility' - 'sales shop' are based as the physical marketing channel according to traceability, and connected with giant retail market and environment friendly stand, and if its sales volume enlarges, it should be considered the GAP ginseng specialized marketplace which is a type of chain store. In the promotion strategy, the promotion of government level is necessary at first and producer alliances require the promotion targeting at the group of women under 40 with differentiation from price, quality, and safety. In the price strategy, the early stage-high price strategy which sets 20~25% higher for self-sufficiency and 30~35% for present is desirable.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 한국균학회 2014년도 춘계학술대회 및 임시총회
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• pp.13-13
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• 2014

Two kinds of mushrooms, Gumji (金芝; Ganoderma) and Soji, were described in old book of Samguksagi (History of the three kingdoms; B.C 57~A.D 668; written by Bu Sik Kim in 1145) in Korea-dynasty. Many kinds of mushrooms were also described in more than 17 kinds of old books during Chosun-dynasty (1392~1910) in Korea. Nowadays, mushroom cultivation has been increased through out the world last decade years. Production of mushrooms has also been increased 10-20% and many varieties have been cultivated. Similar trends were also observed in Korea. Approximately two hundred commercial strains of 37 species in mushrooms were developed and distributed to cultivators. Somatic hybrid variety of oyster mushroom 'Wonhyeong-neutari' were developed by protoplast fusion, and distributed to grower in 1989. The fruiting body yield index of somatic hybrids of Pleurotus ranged between 27 and 155 compared to parental values of 100 and 138. In addition, more diverse mushroom varieties such as Phellinus baumi, Auricularia spp., Pleurotus ferulae, Hericium erinaceus, Hypsizigus marmoreus, Grifola frondosa, Agrocybe aegerita and Pleurotus cornucopiae have been attempted to cultivate in small scale cultivation. Production of mushrooms as food was 190,111 metric tons valued at 800 billion Korean Won (one trillion won if include mushroom factory products; 1dollar = 1,040 Won) in 2011. Major cultivated species are Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus eryngii, Flammulina velutipes, Lentinula edodes, Agaricus bisporus, and Ganoderma lucidum, which cover 90% of total production. Since mushroom export was initiated from 1960 to 1980, the export and import of mushrooms have been increased in Korea. Technology developed for liquid spawn production and automatic cultivation systems lead to the reduction of the production cost resulting in the increasement of mushroom export. However some species were imported because of high production cost for these mushrooms requiring the effective cultivation methods. Developing of effective post-harvest system will be also directly related to mushroom export. In academic area, RDA scientists have been conducting mushroom genome projects. One of the main results is the whole genome sequencing of Flammulina velutipes for molecular breeding. An electrophoretic karyotype of of F. velutipes was obtained using CHEF with 7 chromosomes, with a total genome size of approximately 26.7 Mb. The mususcript of the genome of F. velutipes was published in PLOS ONE this year. For medicinal mushrooms, we have been conducting the genome research on Cordyceps and its related species for developing functional foods using this mushroom. In 2013, Korea Food and Drug Administraion (KFDA) approved Cordyceps mushroom for its value as an immune booster.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.769-775
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• 2010

본 실험에서는 국내에 자생하는 콩과에 속하는 6종의 싸리속 식물의 각 부위별 추출물로부터 총 폴리페놀, 총 플라보노이드 함량을 측정하였고, DPPH, ABTS 라디칼 소거능을 조사하였다. 폴리페놀성 화합물은 고양싸리의 잎(LR-L)에 가장 많이 포함되어 있는 것으로 조사되었고, 플라보노이드 화합물은 풀싸리의 지상부(LTi-A)에서 가장 많이 검출되었다. 이들 시료의 항산화 활성을 조사하기 위해서 DPPH와 ABTS 라디칼에 대한 소거 활성을 조사해 본 결과 DPPH 라디칼에 대해서는 비타민 C보다 소거 활성이 적은 것으로 나타났지만, ABTS 라디칼에 대해서는 비타민 C보다 더 좋은 소거 활성을 보였다. 이들 활성과 폴리페놀, 플라보노이드 화합물간의 상관관계에서는 폴리페놀만이 양의 상관관계를 보여 폴리페놀의 농도에 따라 라디칼 소거 활성이 증가하는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 하지만 플라보노이드 화합물과 라디칼 소거 활성 간에는 뚜렷한 상관관계를 볼 수 없어, 싸리속 식물에서는 플라보노이드 화합물보다는 폴리페놀성화합물이 항산화에 더욱 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 판단할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 최근 각광을 받고 있는 천연 항산화제의 개발에 있어 싸리속 식물이 천연 항산화제로서 좋은 소재가 될 수 있음을 보여주고 있다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.182-187
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• 2000

천연에 널리 존재하지만 미개발 자원인 서양민들레의 식품학적 가치와 식품소재로의 개발가능성을 검토하기 위하여 민들레의 성분을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 민들레의 일반성분은 잎과 뿌리에서 각각 수분 7.85와 7.73%, 회분 11.35와 4.82%, 조단백 21.6과 11.8%, 조지방 5.12와1.73%로 뿌리보다는 잎에서 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 민들레 잎과 뿌리의 유리아미노산 함량은 뿌리가 2710.66mg%로 잎의 1476.98mg% 보다 높았고, asparagine, arginine, serine, proline등이 많이 함유되어 있었다. 필수아미노산 함량은 잎에서 233.83mg%, 뿌리에서 209.76mg%로 잎에서 그 함량이 많았으며, 잎과 뿌리 모두 valine과 threonine의 함량이 많았다. 유리아미노산 유도체로는 ${\gamma}$-aminoisobutyric acid를 비롯하여 잎에서 14종이, 뿌리에서 11종이 검출되었고, 뿌리보다는 잎에서 441.53mg%로 그 함량이 다소 높았다. 또한 민들레 잎과 뿌리에는 어패류 등에 풍부한 taurine 성분이 비교적 높은 조성으로 함유되어 있었다. 민들레에 함유된 구성 총아미노산은 cystine을 제외한 17종이 검출되었고, 이중 필수아미노산 8종이 모두 높은 함량으로 존재하였다. 총아미노산과 필수아미노산의 함량은 뿌리보다 잎에서 각각 1.4와 1.8배정도 높았고, 전체 아미노산 중 필수아미노산이 잎과 뿌리 모두 42.17과 34.12%로 높은 비율을 차지하고 있었다. 주요 유리당은 fructose, glucose, sucrose, maltose로 구성되어 있었고, sucrose의 함량이 잎과 뿌리에서 모두 높았다. 주요 지방산은 palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid로 잎에서는 linolenic acid의 함량이 63.6%, 뿌리에서는 linoleic acid 함량이 56.4%로 월등히 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 무기질 함량은 잎과 뿌리 모두 K과 Ca이 매우 높았고, 잎의 K 함량은 3,510 mg/100g으로 대부분의 약용식물 보다 월등히 높았다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.57-66
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• 2007

본 연구는 산림부산물과 국내 유기농부산물의 사료가치와 유기흑염소 생산에 기초적인 자료를 얻고자 산지 초지유형에 따른 흑염소의 사료 섭취량, 소화율 및 질소 축적율에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 공시축은 한국재래흑염소이었으며, 사양 시험에서는 흑염소 40두를 4처리구(개량목초구, 유기목초구, 산야초구, 수엽류구)로 나누어 처리구당 10두씩, 소화율 시험에서는 처리구당 3두씩 완전임의 배치하여 시험을 실시하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 사양시험기간 동안의 총증체량과 일당증체량은 개량목초구, 유기목초구, 산야초구, 수엽류구 순으로 낮아졌다(p<0.05). 건물섭취량, 가소화 건물섭취량, 건물소화율 및 질소축적율은 개량목초구가 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과를 종합해 보면, 산림 부산물을 조사료원으로 이용하고 국내 유기농부산물을 보충사료로 급여하여 방목사육된 유기흑염소는 다소 생산성이 낮으나 안정성이 높기 때문에 육용보다는 약용형태의 소비가 바람직하다고 사료되며, 낮은 생산성을 높이기 위해선 보충사료에 추가적인 영양소 공급이 반드시 필요하다고 판단된다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.56-68
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• 2015

Objectives: This study investigated quality among three herb medicine extract granules(DSGOST) which were made from different companies to check quality control of herb medicine extract granules. Methods: we selected three DSGOST extract granules which were made from different companies. And we experimented extract granules by method from K.P(Korean Pharmacopoeia), K.H.P(Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia) of KFDA. Results: In qualitative analysis of DSGOST, we indentified Akebiae Caulis (木通), Asari Herba Cum Radix (細辛), Evodiae Fructus (吳茱萸) in three different DSGOST extract granules. In quantitative analysis of DSGOST, Medication A,B,C contained similar content of Paeoniflorin & Glycyrrhizic acid. However Medication B contains especially lowest value of Cinnamic acid & total Decursin. Conclusions: Herb medicine extract granules have different contents of ingredients although those were made by same prescription. And these differences may influence medicinal effect to patients. So we need to make system of quality control with various research of quantitative & qualitative analysis about herb medicine extract granules.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.397-416
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• 2013

Objective : The recently reported Wuqian edition(吳遷本) Jinguiyaolue(金匱要略) is known to be written in small letters unlike other large lettered versions of the book. The Wuqian edition(吳遷本) takes after the name of Wuqian who copied an ancient version that was found at the time(Ming dyanasty, 1395). It is known to differ in organization and contents to other versions. In this study, I would like to examine how the small-lettered version of the Jinguiyaolue had been created, through a thorough examination of the Wuqian edition, and evaluate its value as a new version of the Jinguiyaolue. Method : First, the systems of both large-lettered and small-lettered versions of the "Jinguiyaolue" were briefly examined, followed by comparison from chapter 1 to 22, of organization, contents, and formulas between the oldest version of the large-lettered versions, the Deng-zhen edition, and the newly discovered Wuqian edition of which examples of each item are listed. The original source was identified for parts that were different. Result & Conclusion : 1. The Deng-zhen edition and Wuqian edition show vast differences in the organization, table of contents, name of chapter, location of each verse or line, existence of certain verses or lines, name of formula, quantity of medicinal ingredients, processing methods and other aspects. 2. The small-lettered edition was published based on the large-lettered edition of the Jinguiyaolue published by the Jiaozheng-yishuju(校正醫書局) after a general cross-examination process followed by selection, modification and supplementation of the large-lettered edition. Reference texts used in cross-examination were Qianjinyaofang(千金要方), Waitaimiyao(外臺秘要), Maijing(脈經), and Shanghanlun(傷寒論). 3. Considering Wuqian's own annotations and preface, it is clear that he wanted to create the best version of the "Jinguiyaolue". Wuqian himself seems to have had professional knowledge of bibliography and medicine.