• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.33-39
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• 1999

This paper included a data analysis of the unit of medical devices using mainternance recording card that had medical devices of unit failure mode, hospital of failure mode and MTBF. The results of the analysis were as follows : 1. Medical devices of unit failure mode was the highest in QC/PM such A hospital as 33.9%, B hospital 30.9%, C hospital 30.3%, second degree was the Electrical and Electronic failure such A hospital as 23.5%, B hospital 25.3%, C hospital 28%, third degree was mechanical failure such A hospital as 19.5%, B hospital 22.5%, C hospital 25.4%. 2. Hospital of failure mode was the highest in Mobile X-ray device(A hospital 62.5%, B hospital 69.5%, C hospital 37.4%), and was the lowest in Sono devices(A hospital 16.76%, B hospital 8.4%, C hospital 7%). 3. Mean time between failures(MTBT) was the highest in SONO devices and was the lowest in Mobile X-ray devices which have 200 - 400 failure hours. 4. Anverage failure ratio was the highest in Mobile X-ray devices(A hospital 31.3%, B hospital 34.8%, C hospital 18.7%), and was the lowest in Sono(Ultrasound) devices (A hospital 8.4%, B hospital 4.2%, C hospital 3.5%). 5. Failure ratio results of medical devices according to QC/PM part of unit failure mode were as follows ; A hospital was the highest part of QC/PM (50%) in Mamo X-ray device and was the lowest part of QC/PM(26.4%) in Castro X-ray. B hospital was the highest part of QC/PM(56%) in Mobile X-ray device, and the lowest part of QC/PM(12%) in Gastro X-ray. C hospital was the highest part of QC/PM(60%) in R/F X-ray device, and the lowest a part of QC/PM(21%) in Universal X-ray. It was found that the units responsible for most failure decreased by systematic management. We made the preventive maintenance schedule focusing on adjustement of operating and dust removal.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.31-45
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• 2009

Eui Bang Shin Gam("醫方新鑑") is a classic on oriental medicines written by Shin Oh (新塢) Han Byung Lyun (韓秉璉) in 1913. It was written under the base of the writer's own experience as well as in the light of 36 other classics on oriental medicines such as Dong Eui Bo Gam ("東醫寶監"), Eui Hak Yip Mun ("醫學入門"), and Kyung Ak Jeon Seo ("景岳全書"). In an attempt to avoid difficult theories and list only the essential informations and formulas for clinical purposes, it attained its own characteristics of not only reorganizing Dong Eui Bo Gam in a pragmatic way but also explaining diseases classified in western medicines in oriental medicines' point of view as well as suggesting medicine formulas regarding such explanations. As a result, it is a complete and efficient medical classic through which one can gain knowledge in both classic oriental medicines and combination of western and oriental medicines. Its special features are making a separate chapter for cholera and Lao Zhai (勞瘵), which is also a contagious disease, and trying in the chapter to explain the diseases in words of oriental medicines; listing details of nine major epidemic and matching them with the diseases known in oriental medicines; and recording a case of enforcing sterilization and preventive injection against contagious diseases. The basic medical theory in Eui Bang Shin Gam are the yin-yang theory, the thesis of fire and water, the thesis of the exterior and the interior, Yun Qi Lun (運氣論), and four institutions of human body. In explaining the basic theories, the writer emphasized strengthening the yang of the body, under the influence of the thoughts of Zhang Ga Bin (張介賓). Since he put the importance of diagnosis first, the first chapter is about diagnosis. There are five different ways of diagnosing a patient mentioned in the book, and acupuncture, pulse, and medicines was considered crucial.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.32-50
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• 2009

의료 정보화는 정보기술 발전과 사회환경의 변화와 더불어 양질의 진료와 고객관리 및 경영효율화의 필요성으로 1990년부터 처방전달시스템(OCS)을 도입하면서부터 시작되었다. 의료계의 정보화는 빠른 속도로 발전하고 있으며, 원격진료 시스템 도입과 각종 U-Health Care 관련 제품 및 의료 서비스 등 유비쿼터스 환경으로 새로운 변화를 맞고 있다. 최근 의료계와 정부는 병원에 발생하는 모든 진료기록을 디지털화 하여 관리하는 전자의무기록(EMR)에 관심을 가지게 되었다. 특히 환자 진료데이터 기록은 계속적인 진료관리와 치료 내용을 기록한 것으로 매우 중요하며, 대형 의료기관을 중심으로 EMR시스템 도입이 늘고 있다. EMR시스템은 진료 중 발생한 환자의 진료정보를 전산화함으로써 고객서비스 향상, 대기시간 단축, 진료의 질 향상, 진료정보의 다양한 활용, 정확한 진료, 비용 절감, 진료부서 및 진료 지원부서 등의 업무효율화를 가져와 병원의 경쟁력을 확보하게 한다.

• 의료법학
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.359-395
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• 2012

In a broad term, health and medical data means all patient information that has been generated or circulated in government health and medical policies, such as medical research and public health, and all sorts of health and medical fields as well as patients' personal data, referred as medical data (filled out as medical record forms) by medical institutions. The kinds of health and medical data in medical records are prescribed by Articles on required medical data and the terms of recordkeeping in the Enforcement Decree of the Medical Service Act. As EMR, OCS, LIS, telemedicine and u-health emerges, sharing and protecting digital health and medical data is at issue in these days. At medical institutions, health and medical data, such as medical records, is classified as "sensitive information" and thus is protected strictly. However, due to the circulative property of information, health and medical data can be public as well as being private. The legal grounds of health and medical data as such are based on the right to informational self-determination, which is one of the fundamental rights derived from the Constitution. In there, patients' rights to refuse the collection of information, to control recordkeeping (to demand access, correction or deletion) and to control using and sharing of information are rooted. In any processing of health and medical data, such as generating, recording, storing, using or disposing, privacy can be violated in many ways, including the leakage, forgery, falsification or abuse of information. That is why laws, such as the Medical Service Act and the Personal Data Protection Law, and the Guideline for Protection of Personal Data at Medical Institutions (by the Ministry of Health and Welfare) provide for technical, physical, administrative and legal safeguards on those who handle personal data (health and medical information-processing personnel and medical institutions). The Personal Data Protection Law provides for the collection, use and sharing of personal data, and the regulation thereon, the disposal of information, the means of receiving consent, and the regulation of processing of personal data. On the contrary, health and medical data can be inspected or delivered of the copies, based on the principle of restriction on fundamental rights prescribed by the Constitution. For instance, Article 21(Access to Record) of the Medical Service Act, and the Personal Data Protection Law prescribe self-disclosure, the release of information by family members or by laws, the exchange of medical data due to patient transfer, the secondary use of medical data, such as medical research, and the release of information and the release of information required by the Personal Data Protection Law.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.88-94
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• 2020

Background: The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has recently published report series on the occupational intakes of radionuclides (OIR) for internal dosimetry of radiation workers. In this study, the optimized monitoring program including the monitoring interval and the minimum detectable activity (MDA) of major radionuclides was suggested to perform the routine individual monitoring of internal exposure based on the ICRP OIR. Materials and Methods: The derived recording levels and the critical monitoring quantities were reviewed from international standards or guidelines by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and the European Radiation Dosimetry Group (EURADOS). The OIR data viewer provided by ICRP was used to evaluate the monitoring intervals and the MDA, which are derived from the reference bioassay functions and the dose coefficients. Results and Discussion: The optimal monitoring intervals were determined taking account of two requirement conditions on the potential intake underestimation and the MDA values. The MDA requirement values of the selected radionuclides were calculated based on the committed effective dose from 0.1 mSv to 5 mSv. The optimized routine individual monitoring program was suggested including the optimal monitoring intervals and the MDA requirements. The optimal MDA values were evaluated based on the committed effective dose of 0.1 mSv. However, the MDA can be adjusted considering the practical operation of the routine individual monitoring program in the nuclear facilities. Conclusion: The monitoring intervals and the MDA as crucial factors for the routine monitoring were described to suggest the optimized routine individual monitoring program of the occupational intakes. Further study on the alpha/beta-emitting radionuclides as well as short lived gamma-emitting nuclides will be necessary in the future.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권13호
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• pp.5549-5556
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• 2015

Background: Cancer has important social consequences with cancer registration as the basis of moving towards prevention. The present study aimed to estimate the completeness of registration of the ten most common cancers in patients referred to selected hospitals in Shiraz, Iran by using capture-recapture method. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was performed in 2014 based on the data of 2009, on a total of 4,388 registered cancer patients. After cleaning data from two sources, using capture-recapture common findings were identified. Then, the percentage of the completeness of cancer registration was estimated using Chapman and Chao methods. Finally, the effects of demographic and treatment variables on the completeness of cancer registration were investigated. Results: The results showed that the percentages of completeness of cancer registration in the selected hospitals of Shiraz were 58.6% and 58.4%, and influenced by different variables. The age group between 40-49 years old was the highest represented and for the age group under 20 years old was the lowest for cancer registration. Breast cancer had the highest registration level and after that, thyroid and lung cancers, while colorectal cancer had the lowest registration level. Conclusions: According to the results, the number of cancers registered was very few and it seems that factors like inadequate knowledge of some doctors, imprecise diagnosis about the types of cancer, incorrectly filled out medical documents, and lack of sufficient accuracy in recording data on the computer cause errors and defects in cancer registration. This suggests a necessity to educate and teach doctors and other medical workers about the methods of documenting information related to cancer and also conduct additional measures to improve the cancer registration system.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.453-461
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• 2019

수술 중 발생하는 신경계 손상 여부를 감별하는 검사인 수술 중 신경계 모니터링(intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring, INM) 검사는 다양한 수술에서 안정적으로 수술이 잘 진행되고 있음을 확신하며 수술을 진행할 수 있도록 도움을 주는 매우 중요한 검사다. 수술실이라는 특수한 환경에서 검사의 최적화를 위하여 침 전극을 사용하여 검사를 진행하며, 수술실검사에 대하여 정확한 자극부위와 측정부위에 대한 교재나 안내책자가 없는 것이 실정이다. 그래서 이번 논문에서 운동유발전위검사, 체성감각유발전위검사, 청각유발전위검사, 시각유발전위검사에서 올바른 자극부위와 측정부위에 대하여 자세하게 설명을 하였다. 그리고 자유진행 및 유발근전도검사(free-running and triggered EMG)는 근육에서 발생하는 근전도의 관찰로 대부분의 뇌신경(cranial nerve)과 척수신경근(spinal nerve root)의 기능상태 파악을 한다. 검사의 이해를 돕기 위해 각각의 해당 근육에 전극을 삽입하는 사진을 첨부하였고, 척수신경근에 따른 해당근육도 표로 제시하였다. 검사 후 전극제거를 할 때에도 환자와 검사자 모두 안전한 방법을 제시하여 보다 완벽한 검사가 되었으면 한다.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.438-448
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify nursing activities and to analyze patient outcomes related to indwelling urinary catheterization. Method: A review was done of 628 medical records from five units for patients admitted between January 1 and June 30, 2006. Twelve nurses who worked in the same units were interviewed. Results: In the interviews, nurses reported considering several non-invasive interventions prior to catheterization but there were no medical records of this activity. Results from the in-depth interviews showed that infection control activities such as urinary bag management were conducted but again there were no medical records. Seventy-five percent of the catheters were removed without prescription. In the medical records there were no notes for approximately 15%, on the time of first voiding and 80%, on volume of first voiding after removal of catheter. There was a significant difference in hospitalization days between the group catheterized for 5 days or less and the group catheterized for 6 days or more. Conclusion: Results indicate a need to close the gap between recorded and described activities and between current and best evidence based practice. Further study is needed to develop a standard recording system and guidelines related indwelling catheterization to decrease the gaps identified in this research.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제28권3호통권71호
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• pp.197-206
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• 2007

Objectives : By recording basic data of patients visiting the emergency room of the oriental medicine center, we can understand their characteristics and gain better insight about them. Methods : We performed a retrospective study of 2,674 patients who visited the emergency room of Kyunghee Oriental Medical Center, from June 1, 2006 to May 31, 2007. Results : 1. Of 2,674 total patients, the male to female ratio was 0.94:1 and the 6th decade of life was the peak age group. 2. The majority of patients visited our emergency room between 06:00 and 24:00(midnight). 3. Most patients visited on a Saturday or Sunday. 4. By monthly distribution, the patients increased slightly during June, July, August and October. 5. The majority of patients visited the emergency room within 24 hours of onset. 6. The patients were categorized as follows: neurological diseases 71.15%, musculoskeletal diseases 16.02%, internal medical disease 9.04%, psychiatric and related disease 3.79%. 7. The average transit time was about 1 hour 30 minutes. 8. Admission rate was 48% and the rate of admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) was 5% of total visiting patients. Conclusion : Assuming that this research will continue adding patient's data continuously, this work will help us to understand the features of patients who visiting the emergency room of the oriental medical center.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제61권3호
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• pp.78-83
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• 2018

Purpose: Frequent desaturation due to immature incoordination of suck-swallow-breathing in preterm infants can influence multiple organs such as the heart, lungs, and brain, which can then affect growth and development. Most notably in preterm infants, feeding desaturation may even affect pulmonary function during gavage feeding. Because respiratory muscle activities may reflect the work required during respiration, we evaluated the differences in these activities between full-term and preterm infants with feeding desaturation, and investigated the correlations with clinical variables. Methods: Nineteen preterm infants with feeding desaturation (group 1) and 19 age-matched full-term infants (group 2) were evaluated. Oromotor function was evaluated using video recording. The root-mean-square (RMS) envelope of the electromyography signal was calculated to quantify the activities of muscles involved in respiration. The differences in RMS between both groups and the correlation with clinical variables including gestational age (GA), birth weight (BW), and Apgar scores (AS) at 1 and 5 minutes after birth were evaluated. Results: The RMS values of the diaphragm (RMS-D) and rectus abdominis (RMS-R) were significantly greater in group 1 compared to group 2, and the 1- and 5-min AS were significantly lower in group 1 compared to group 2. RMS-D and RMS-R were inversely correlated with GA, BW, 1- and 5-min AS in all infants. Conclusion: This study showed that respiratory muscle activities were augmented during feeding in preterm infants compared to full-term infants. Additionally, respiratory muscle activities were inversely correlated with all clinical variables.