• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.131-135
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• 2006

Coeruleo-vestibular pathway which connects locus coeruleus and vestibular nuclei is noradrenergic. This study was designed to elucidate the effects of phenylephrine on the spontaneous activity of acutely isolated medial vestibular nuclear neurons of rat by whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 14 to 16 days, were used. After enzymatic digestion, dissociated medial vestibular neurons were transferred to a recording chamber mounted on an inverted microscope, and spontaneous action potentials were recorded by standard patch-clamp techniques. In current-clamp mode, the frequency of spontaneous action potential of medial vestibular nuclear neurons was decreased by phenylephrine (n=15). Phenylephrine increased the amplitude of afterhyperpolarization without changes in the resting membrane potential and spike width. In voltage-clamp mode, the whole potassium currents of the medial vestibular nuclear neurons were increased by phenylephrine (n=12). These experimental results suggest that ${\alpha}-receptor$ mediates the inhibitory effects on the neuronal activity of the medial vestibular nuclear neuron.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.617-625
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• 2010

Objectives : The research which sees collected information about dentistry infection management recognition of the patients and the infection management which the medical treatment consumer does in necessity is what, grasped and satisfaction and became the fundamental data which makes the hospital will be able to trust about dentistry image rise and dentistry environment of the medical treatment consumer who assists a dentistry character executed. Methods : From 2009 April 1st until May 28th 233 people common people who have the experience which visits a Gyeongsangnam-do area dentistry the object with the entry question law which sleeps did and the data analysis SPSS, 12.0 For Window under using produced each question item by frequency and a ratio, the analytical degree of infection management One - Way ANOVA stamps and executed t-test. Results : Information experience experienced about dentistry infection of the investigation object person to be, appeared with 74.7% and the after that dentistry assistance at the time of conduct change which experiences the answer back regarding of Former times attentively observes organization disinfecting' was most with 46.6%. The protective equipments wearing goal of the dentistry medical attendance appeared the dentistry medical attendance and patient protection 77.7%, dentistry medical attendance protection 12.9%, by patient protection 9.4% order. Before medical treatment starting of the dentistry medical attendance the hand Does not confirm' appeared 72.1%, with. The hand washing, is whole and the degree which appears is high with 4.11 points the stamp. Is high there was a possibility of knowing the thing about the recording infection where the educational background will be high and considers statistically the difference which was visible Conclusions : The education which is active and continuous is necessary about infection management and sets the guides which are standardized to the patients and about infection management and about infection prevention and exposes from dentistry practices well to emboss the thing is thought that there is a necessity to plant a trust feeling about the dentistry where the patients assist.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.43-47
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• 2018

Traditional electroencephalography (EEG)-based authentication systems generally use external stimuli that require user attention and relatively long time for authentication. The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of biometric authentication based on EEG without using any external stimuli. Seventeen subjects took part in the experiment and their EEGs were measured while repetitively closing and opening their eyes. For identifying each subject, we calculated inter- and intra-subject cross-correlation using changes in alpha activity (8-13 Hz) during eyes closed as compared to eyes open. In order to optimize the number of recording electrodes, we calculated authentication accuracy by progressively reducing the number of electrodes used in the analysis. Significant increase in alpha activity was observed for all subjects during eyes closed, focusing on occipital areas, and spatial patterns of changed alpha activity were considerably different between the subjects. A mean authentication accuracy of 92.45% was obtained, which was retained over 75% when using only 8 electrodes placed around occipital areas. Our results could demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed novel authentication method based on resting state EEGs.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2016

As advance care planning is taking center stage in the field of end-of-life care, various tools have been developed to aid in the often emotional and difficult decision-making process. Video decision support tools are one of the most promising means of assistance, of which the modus operandi is to provide more comprehensive and precise information of medical procedures to patients and their families, allowing them to make better informed decisions. Despite such value, some are concerned about its potential negative impact. For example, video footages of some procedures may be shocking and unpalatable to non-medical professionals, and patients and families may refuse the procedures. One approach to soften the sometimes unpleasant visual of medical procedures is to show less aggressive or more relaxing scenes. Yet another potential issue is that the objectivity of video decision support tools might be vulnerable to the very stakeholders who were involved in the development. Some might argue that having multiple stakeholders may function as checks and balances and provide collective wisdom, but we should provide more systematic guarantee on the objectivity of the visual decision aids. Because the decision of the modality of an individual's death is the last and most significant choice in one's life, no party should exert their influence on such a delicate decision. With carefully designed video decision support tools, our patients will live the last moments of their lives with dignity, as they deserve.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 1998

The effects of GABA and glutamate on the horizontal cells were explored by an intracellular recording method to discern the mechanisms of receptive field formation by chemical coupling in the catfish outer retina. The results suggest that the horizontal cells of the catfish retina might use GABA as their transmitters and that the GABAergic system contributes to the formation of receptive fields of the horizontal cells. GABAC receptors may be involved in a chemical coupling between horizontal cells and concerned with the depolarizing actions by GABA on horizontal cells in the catfish retina. Since the chloride equilibrium potential is more positive than the dark membrane potential in horizontal cells, GABA released from a horizontal cell may depolarize the neighboring horizontal cells. Thus a chemical coupling between horizontal cells may be formed. $GABA_A$ receptors also may be involved in the negative feedback mechanism between photoreceptor and horizontal cell. And glutamate may be involved in connecting positive and negative feedback systems since it potentiated the GABA's actions. Therefore, it is presumed that large receptive fields in the catfish retina are formed not only by electrical coupling but also by chemical coupling between horizontal cells. And information travels laterally by pathways involving both electrical coupling composed of gap junctions and chemical coupling in the retinal network.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.260-273
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was performed to understand the perceived importance and performance frequencies of nursing interventions and identify the core and major interventions in oncology units. Methods: Questionnaires using 151 nursing interventions were given to 45 nurses. The performance frequency was measured through the database of the nursing process recording system for 1 year. Results: The perceived importance of the nursing interventions averaged out to be 3.5 among 4 and on average 36.5 times of nursing interventions were performed on each patient. Fifteen core nursing interventions including 'pain management' were identified and they made up 82.7% of the entire performance frequency rate. And 26 interventions including 'drug administration: Amphotericin-B' were identified as major nursing interventions and occupied 10.6% of the entire performance frequency rate. Conclusion: Since the core and the major nursing interventions were identified and these occupied 93.3% of the all nursing interventions, these results can be utilized as baseline data for establishing the guidelines and standards of nursing interventions and providing systematic education for oncology nurses in Korea.

• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.26
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• pp.21-30
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• 2007

ECG is included in certain medical examinations of insurance application, ECG has low specificity and sensitivity. So ECG is not usually used to diagnose specific diseases. But, ECG is not invasive and costs low. So ECG is usually used in underwriting. Actually in underwriting we meet various ECG patterns and diagnosises. Understanding of various ECG patterns is different between insurance medicine and clinical medicine. So We have to learn various ECG patterns and effects on mortality and morbidity. First considerations of ECG readings are age, sex, blood pressure, family history, smoking historyalcohol history and hyperlipidemia. These are predictors for possibility of disease. Also it is important to review recording ECG with proper skill. In this review I consider several ECG diagnosises that we meet frequently, which is, LVH, RVH, ST abnormalities, LBBS, RBBB, A-B blocks, several kinds of arrhythmia. We have to consider long term mortalities and morbidities of specific ECG patterns although applicants have no symptom and sign. And then we have to make underwriting manual according to specific ECG diagnosises and patterns and underwrite precisely ECG patterns according to insurance products. Nowadays coronary heart disease and other heart diseases are increasing in Korea. So we have to learn various ECG patterns and research mortalities and morbidities of abnormal ECG patterns. Also we have to apply to more broad, precise underwriting skills about ECG patterns and diagnosises.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.448-451
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• 2010

Primary central nervous system (CNS) sarcomas are exceedingly rare, and, to the best of our knowledge, there has not yet been a report of intramedullary sarcoma. Here, we report a primary intradural intramedullary sarcoma of the spinal cord in a four-year-old boy who presented with low back pain and a radiculopathy involving both lower extremities. The tumor showed significant enhancement on magnetic resonance (MR) images due to its extreme vascularity. Gross total tumor removal was performed with microelectrical pulse recording, and the patient also received adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. After the operation, the patient's sensory deficits were improved. Because CNS dissemination is common, entire neuraxis evaluation is essential, although there was no evidence of dissemination in this case. The prognosis of primary CNS sarcoma is poor due to infiltrative nature and early CNS dissemination is common, and the treatment of choice is radical surgical resection. Adjuvant therapy is also beneficial with radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.79-85
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• 1995

Purpose : To assess the efficacy of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor(GM-CSF) in the neutropenia by radiotherapy. Materials and Methods : Eleven patients with various solid tumor were treated with a daily subcutaneous dose of GM-CSF(3-7microgram/kg) for 5days during the radiotherapy. Before and during the course of the study all the patients were monitored by the recording of physical examination, the complete blood count with differential and reticulocyte count and liver function test. Eight patients received prior or concurrent chemotherapy. Results : In 10 patients, the neutrophilic nadir was significantly elevated and the lenght of time that Patients had a neutrophil count below $10^3/mm^3$ a threshold known to be critical to acquiring infective complications was shortened following GM-CSF injection. A significant rise (two fold or greater) of neutrophil count was seen in 10 of 11 patients. In most patients, discontinuation of GM-CSF resulted in a prompt return of granulocyte counts toward baseline. However the neutrophil count remained elevated over $10^3/mm^3$ during radiation therapy, and radiotherapy delays were avoided. Other peripheral blood components including monocytes and platelets also increased after GM-CSF treatment. No significant toxicity was encountered with subcutaneous GM-CSF treatment. Conclusion : GM-CSF was well tolerated by subcutaneous route and induced improvement in the neutropenia caused by radiotherapy.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2009

This study was conducted to improve performance flow of PACS registration and output of external medical images by developing or adding File Transfer Protocol(FTP) Module on Order Communication System(OCS) and to upgrade efficiency of performance. The numbers of requests for examination of external medical images from January 2004 to December 2007 were investigated and the numbers of cases of examinations and losses were done respectively from January to June, 2007 as a period before the improvement and from July to December, 2007 as a period after it. Satisfaction of persons inputting external medical images of CD was asked directly before and after the improvement. When the numbers of requests for examination of external medical images from 2004 to 2007 2004 were investigated, they were 12,783, 16,774, 21,613 and 27,487 cases in 2004, 2005, 2005 and 2007 respectively. For the numbers of the requests from January to December, 2007 it was the lowest in February by recording 1846 and it was 2800 in October. While the number of loss of external medical images was averagely 3.6 before using FTP Module on OCS, it reduced to 0 and satisfaction increased to 98% after it. By utilizing FTP Module on OSC for PACS registration of external medical images, the images were delivered simultaneously with occurrence of order, PACS registration of many patients was conducted together and CDs were returned to patients immediately after sending images from outpatient clinics or wards to remove possibility of losing them. In addition, because the module was established on OCS and data were sent associated with order, problems related with order were decreased. By eliminating movement distance it was turned out to be very effective in terms of time and space.