• Translational and Clinical Pharmacology
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.115-117
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• 2018

This tutorial explains the basic principles of mechanistic ligand-receptor interaction model, which is an operational model of agonism. A growing number of agonist drugs, especially immune oncology drugs, is currently being developed. In this tutorial, time-dependent ordinary differential equation for simple $E_{max}$ operational model of agonism was derived step by step. The differential equation could be applied in a pharmacodynamic modeling software, such as NONMEM, for use in non-steady state experiments, in which experimental data are generated while the interaction between ligand and receptor changes over time. Making the most of the non-steady state experimental data would simplify the experimental processes, and furthermore allow us to identify more detailed kinetics of a potential drug. The operational model of agonism could be useful to predict the optimal dose for agonistic drugs from in vitro and in vivo animal pharmacology experiments at the very early phase of drug development.

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한핵의학회 1999년도 제38차 추계학술대회
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• pp.28.2-28.2
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• 1999

• 한국원자력학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국원자력학회 2005년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.864-865
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• 2005

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.519-524
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• 2011

ABLB (alternate binaural loudness balance) test is one of the medical assessments to diagnose detailed lesion of sensory-neural hearing loss based on a recruitment phenomenon. However, current ABLB audiometry takes an operational model, so called face-to-face model, in which model one audiometrist can assess only one subject at a time. As a result, this face-to-face model leads to expensive audiometrist's labor cost and lengthy wait when there exist many subjects. As a solution, this paper suggests an ABLB audiometry system supporting one-to-many model in which model an audiometrist enables to assess several subjects concurrently. By providing such capabilities as real-time transfer of assessment result, video monitoring of subject and video chat, this solution can provide same effect as face-to-face model but overcome weakness of the existing face-to-face model.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권18호
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• pp.7713-7718
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• 2014

Background: Despite evidence suggesting roles for caspase-8 (CASP8) -652 6N del and D302H polymorphisms in prostate cancer (PCa), the association of these polymorphisms with PCa risk remains inconclusive. Therefore, a meta-analysis was performed to more precisely estimate the association of CASP8 -652 6N del and D302H polymorphisms with PCa susceptibility. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify all case-control studies of CASP8 D302H and -652 6N del polymorphisms and PCa risk. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of the association and the precision of the estimate, respectively. Results: Nine -625 6N del studies and 4 D302H studies were included. CASP8 -652 6N del and D302H polymorphisms were not significantly associated with PCa risk in the overall analyses. However, in the subgroup analysis stratified by ethnicity, -625 6N del was significantly associated with PCa risk in the East Asian and Indian populations under the recessive model. Furthermore, the subgroup analysis strongly suggested that D302H was associated with lower PCa risk in the Non-Indian population under the dominant model. Conclusions: In our meta-analysis, ethnic-specific differences were evident in the association of CASP8-625 6N del and D302H polymorphisms with PCa risk.

• International Journal of Stem Cells
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.52-65
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• 2023

Background and Objectives: Epithelial-Mesenchymal transition (EMT) is one of the origins of myofibroblasts in renal interstitial fibrosis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) alleviating EMT has been proved, but the concrete mechanism is unclear. To explore the mechanism, serum-free MSCs conditioned medium (SF-MSCs-CM) was used to treat rat renal tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52E) fibrosis induced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) which ameliorated EMT. Methods and Results: Galectin-3 knockdown (Gal-3 KD) and overexpression (Gal-3 OE) lentiviral vectors were established and transfected into NRK-52E. NRK-52E fibrosis model was induced by TGF-β1 and treated with the SF-MSCs-CM for 24 h after modelling. Fibrosis and autophagy related indexes were detected by western blot and immunocytochemistry. In model group, the expressions of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), fibronectin (FN), Galectin-3, Snail, Kim-1, and the ratios of P-Akt/Akt, P-GSK3β/GSK3β, P-PI3K/PI3K, P-mTOR/mTOR, TIMP1/MMP9, and LC3B-II/I were obviously increased, and E-Cadherin (E-cad) and P62 decreased significantly compared with control group. SF-MSCs-CM showed an opposite trend after treatment compared with model group. Whether in Gal-3 KD or Gal-3 OE NRK-52E cells, SF-MSCs-CM also showed similar trends. However, the effects of anti-fibrosis and enhanced autophagy in Gal-3 KD cells were more obvious than those in Gal-3 OE cells. Conclusions: SF-MSCs-CM probably alleviated the EMT via inhibiting Galectin-3/Akt/GSK3β/Snail pathway. Meanwhile, Gal-3 KD possibly enhanced autophagy via inhibiting Galectin-3/Akt/mTOR pathway, which synergistically ameliorated renal fibrosis. Targeting galectin-3 may be a potential target for the treatment of renal fibrosis.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.199-207
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• 2008

목적 : 역할 모델링의 목적은 효율적(빠르고, 쉽고, 정확 하게)으로 업무를 수행하는 업무의 달인(達人)을 찾아 이를 모델로 하여 실무자들이 효과적으로 각자 맡은바 업무를 수행 할 수 있도록 하기 위한 과정이다. 이러한 과정은 실무자들 간의 업무 능력의 편차를 발견하고 역할 모델을 제시하여 실무에 최적화된 업무 프로세스를 정착하기 위한 노력이며 이는 업무 기술 기준의 표준화 작업이라고 할 수 있다. 실험재료 및 방법 : 서울아산병원 핵의학과는 6~7개의 역할 모델링 항목을 개발하였고, 실무에 적용하여 관리하고 있다. 이 중에서 첫째, Bone scan 검사 시에 발목 고정의 중요성 인식 및 고정의 효율 향상과 둘째, Bone scan 검사에서 시작 지점과 종료 지점의 표준화를 통한 업무 개선 사례를 보고한다. 결과 : 두 가지의 사례 모두에서 개선 전에 비하여 개선 후에 업무 효율을 향상할 수 있었다. 결론 : 역할 모델링(Role modeling)의 실무 활용은 궁극적으로 성공적인 업무 수행자 또는 우수한 집단들의 행동 및 업무를 과학적으로 분석하여 탁월한 역할 모델을 발굴하고 이를 업무 기술 기준 표준화에 적극 활용하여 직원들 간의 업무능력의 편차를 줄이는데 그 목적이 있다. 즉, 담당 업무를 효과적으로 잘 처리하는 직원을 모델로 하여, 업무를 열심히 수행함에도 불구하고 그 성과가 부족한 직원의 성과 향상을 꾀하는 것이 주된 목적이라 하겠다. 핵의학팀은 역할 모델링 항목을 지속적으로 개발하고 실무에 활용하여 업무를 개선해 나아갈 계획이며 업무 개선 활동에 유용하게 사용할 수 있는 도구로 평가하고 있다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제62권4호
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• pp.442-449
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• 2019

Objective : Bone mineral density (BMD) is an important consideration during fusion surgery. Although dual X-ray absorptiometry is considered as the gold standard for assessing BMD, quantitative computed tomography (QCT) provides more accurate data in spine osteoporosis. However, QCT has the disadvantage of additional radiation hazard and cost. The present study was to demonstrate the utility of artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithm for assessing osteoporosis using Hounsfield units (HU) of preoperative lumbar CT coupling with data of QCT. Methods : We reviewed 70 patients undergoing both QCT and conventional lumbar CT for spine surgery. The T-scores of 198 lumbar vertebra was assessed in QCT and the HU of vertebral body at the same level were measured in conventional CT by the picture archiving and communication system (PACS) system. A multiple regression algorithm was applied to predict the T-score using three independent variables (age, sex, and HU of vertebral body on conventional CT) coupling with T-score of QCT. Next, a logistic regression algorithm was applied to predict osteoporotic or non-osteoporotic vertebra. The Tensor flow and Python were used as the machine learning tools. The Tensor flow user interface developed in our institute was used for easy code generation. Results : The predictive model with multiple regression algorithm estimated similar T-scores with data of QCT. HU demonstrates the similar results as QCT without the discordance in only one non-osteoporotic vertebra that indicated osteoporosis. From the training set, the predictive model classified the lumbar vertebra into two groups (osteoporotic vs. non-osteoporotic spine) with 88.0% accuracy. In a test set of 40 vertebrae, classification accuracy was 92.5% when the learning rate was 0.0001 (precision, 0.939; recall, 0.969; F1 score, 0.954; area under the curve, 0.900). Conclusion : This study is a simple machine learning model applicable in the spine research field. The machine learning model can predict the T-score and osteoporotic vertebrae solely by measuring the HU of conventional CT, and this would help spine surgeons not to under-estimate the osteoporotic spine preoperatively. If applied to a bigger data set, we believe the predictive accuracy of our model will further increase. We propose that machine learning is an important modality of the medical research field.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.860-864
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• 2005

Nowadays most of scholarship is based on the western model. Traditional Chinese Medical education system also follows the western medical education. In the views of medical sociology, it shows very interesting phenomenon that the modernization of traditional area follows the western model of modernization. Moreover, it provides a good chance to discuss whether modernization and westernization of tradition is real development or not. Traditional Chinese Medicine had been the only institutional medicine in China for a long time. But the status of Traditional Chinese Medicine has been changed very rapidly since modern era. Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medical School was established in 1916. But National Party government tried to abolish Traditional Chinese Medicine and it met a crisis of maintenance. But the situation has been dramatically changed when Communist Party got the power in 1949. The Communist Government needed a chief medical service. And Traditional Chinese Medicine could meet the condition. Traditional Chinese Medicine could provide also the ideology of national superiority. Therefore, Traditional Chinese Medicine has been protected and developed by the assistance of the Communist Party. In the process, Traditional Chinese Medical education has been professionalized.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제25권
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• pp.1-34
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• 2008

This empirical research examined the effects of organizational service orientations on business performance since the service orientations had been considered very importantly for delivering excellent service quality in many studies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among service orientations, customer orientations, employees' job satisfactions and business performance in medical service organizations. A model and hypotheses on the basis of this model were developed. And data from employees in medical service organizations were collected using questionnaires. Respondents were asked to related variables of their organizations. A total of 217 questionnaires collected were used to test hypotheses. The results obtained were as follows; first, service orientation factors had a positive significant effect on customer orientations, employees' job satisfactions and business performances. Second, employees' job satisfaction had a positive significant effect on their customer orientations. Third, customer orientations and employees' job satisfactions had a positive significant effect on business performances. Thus, it is advisable for managers or operators to emphasize service orientations in medical service organizations. This study is specific to ambulatory service in a medical service organizations, so generalizing the results to other area may not be possible. Although this study may help to guide the roles of service orientations, customer orientations, employee satisfactions and business performances in medical service organizations, future studies should consider other relative variables.