• 대한방사선방어학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한방사선방어학회 2009년도 춘계 학술발표
• /
• pp.302-303
• /
• 2009

See Full Text

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제14권11호
• /
• pp.6301-6304
• /
• 2013

Background: Some epidemiological studies reported that sunlight exposure and highvitamin D levels may decrease the morbidity and mortality related to cancer. We aimed to evaluate whether sunlight exposure has an impact on survival in patients with non small cell lung cancer. Materials and Methods: A total of 546 patients with NSCLC from two different regions (Kayseri and Adana) differing according to sunlight exposure were analysed retrospectively. Results: The median overall survival (OS) rates were 11. 6 (CI: 9.50-13.6) and 15.6 months (CI: 12.4-18.8) for Kayseri and Adana, respectively, in all patients (p=0.880). Conclusions: There were no differences between groups in terms of OS. While there is strong evidence regarding inverse relationship between cancer incidence and sunlight exposure, it is still controversial whether sunlight exposure is a good prognostic factor for survival in patients with lung cancer.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
• /
• 제44권5호
• /
• pp.495-502
• /
• 2021

This study aims to provide basic data for elderly health insurance policy and medical radiation safety management by analyzing the general radiography usage and exposure dose of the elderly in Korea. The effective dose for each general radiography was calculated using the ALARA-GR program for 260 general radiography codes selected from 'National Health Insurance Care Benefit Cost'. The usage of general radiography was analyzed in the 2016 elderly patient data of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, and the effective dose for each general radiography was applied. The general radiography usage and exposure dose per person aged 65 years and over was 6.47 cases and 0.56 mSv. Females showed higher value than males as 7.15 cases and 0.66 mSv(p<.001). By age, those between 75 and 79 showed the highest number as 6.97 cases and 0.62 mSv(p<.001). Those who were supported by Medical Aid showed higher value than those who were insured by National Health Insurance as 8.82 cases and 0.76 mSv(p<.001). In addition, the ratio by radiography was in the order of Chest 20.85%, Knee Joint 15.58%, and L-spine 14.67%, and the exposure dose was L-spine 29.40%, Chest 15.82%, Abdomen 7.97%, and Entire Spine 7.20%. General radiography, which is widely used due to the high frequency of diseases in the elderly population should be taken into consideration when establishing health insurance policies. In addition, it is necessary to check whether the general radiography with high exposure dose is performed as a routine examination without considering medical necessity.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.136-142
• /
• 2020

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease with systemic inflammatory arthritis. This meta-analysis was conducted to examine the association between occupational exposure to silica and the risk of developing RA among different workers. Methods: In this meta-analysis, we searched relevant published studies using major electronic databases including Scopus, PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar search engine up to October 2019, and the references of retrieved articles were also checked for further possible sources. A random-effects model was used to account for heterogeneity among the results of the studies using the pooled odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The Q-statistic and I² tests were calculated to assess heterogeneity between the studies. Results: The pooled calculation of OR indicated a significant association between occupational exposure to silica and risk of developing RA among different workers (OR = 2.59, 95% CI = 1.73 to 3.45). In addition, the pooled estimates of OR in smokers were statistically significant (OR = 2.49, 95% CI = 1.13 to 3.86). Conclusions: The findings of the present study reveal that occupational exposure to silica may be associated with increased risk of developing RA.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제34권4호
• /
• pp.336-341
• /
• 2010

One mechanism of inner ear damage by noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Because Korean red ginseng (KRG) has an anti-ROS effect in various tissues, KRG may have a role in preventing NIHL. A window period exists in which ROS formations continue after noise exposure, and further damage can be prevented by antioxidants. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of KRG after exposure to noise. KRG (200 mg/kg) was fed to mice for 3 days after noise exposure. The change in hearing level was analyzed by measuring the auditory brainstem response. To induce a temporary threshold shift (TTS) of hearing, mice were exposed to 110 dB white noise for 3 hours. Fast recovery of hearing was observed in mice fed KRG 1 hour and 1 day after noise exposure for 3 days. The expression of 8-oxoguanine was not observed in the inner ears of mice fed KRG 1 hour after noise exposure, but was evident in the stria vascularis of mice in the control group (noise exposure only). From this study, we conclude that KRG acted as an effective inhibitor of NIHL in TTS cases.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• 제40권4호
• /
• pp.211-215
• /
• 2015

원자력사고 등의 방사선비상시 환경으로 누출된 방사성물질은 일반인의 내부피폭을 야기할 수 있다. 특히 감마선 방출핵종의 내부피폭의 경우 전신계수기가 널리 사용되지만 현장에서 신속히 내부피폭을 분류하는 용도로는 부적합하다. 본 연구에서는 휴대용 감마스펙트로메터를 비상시 내부피폭 신속분류에 적용하기 위하여 몬테카를로 전산모사 방법을 이용하여 NaI 검출기의 계측효율을 BOMAB 팬텀의 크기별로 평가하였다. 두 가지 측정 지오메트리에서 계측효율을 비교한 결과 앉은 모델에서의 계측효율이 서 있는 모델에 비해 약 1.1배 높은 계측효율을 나타내었다. 하지만 측정 지오메트리에 의한 계측효율 차이보다 신체크기에 따른 계측효율 차이가 크게 발생하는 것을 확인하였다. 특히 신체크기가 작은 4세 팬텀의 경우 표준남성과 비교하면 약 2.4~3.1배의 높은 계측효율을 나타내어 신체크기가 상이한 일반인을 대상으로 내부피폭을 모니터링할 경우 반드시 계측효율에 대한 고려가 필요한 것으로 확인되었다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.148-153
• /
• 2013

Background: C-arm fluoroscope has been widely used to promote more effective pain management; however, unwanted radiation exposure for operators is inevitable. We prospectively investigated the differences in radiation exposure related to collimation in Medial Branch Block (MBB). Methods: This study was a randomized controlled trial of 62 MBBs at L3, 4 and 5. After the patient was laid in the prone position on the operating table, MBB was conducted and only AP projections of the fluoroscope were used. Based on a concealed random number table, MBB was performed with (collimation group) and without (control group) collimation. The data on the patient's age, height, gender, laterality (right/left), radiation absorbed dose (RAD), exposure time, distance from the center of the field to the operator, and effective dose (ED) at the side of the table and at the operator's chest were collected. The brightness of the fluoroscopic image was evaluated with histogram in Photoshop. Results: There were no significant differences in age, height, weight, male to female ratio, laterality, time, distance and brightness of fluoroscopic image. The area of the fluoroscopic image with collimation was 67% of the conventional image. The RAD ($29.9{\pm}13.0$, P = 0.001) and the ED at the left chest of the operators ($0.53{\pm}0.71$, P = 0.042) and beside the table ($5.69{\pm}4.6$, P = 0.025) in collimation group were lower than that of the control group ($44.6{\pm}19.0$, $0.97{\pm}0.92$, and $9.53{\pm}8.16$), resepectively. Conclusions: Collimation reduced radiation exposure and maintained the image quality. Therefore, the proper use of collimation will be beneficial to both patients and operators.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.23-28
• /
• 2009

방사선동위원소 I-131을 이용한 질병의 치료는 핵의학 분야의 아주 중요한 부분을 차지하고 있다. 환자피폭에서 주의사항으로는 첫째 진료목적상 필요로 하는 선량을 초과하지 말아야 한다. 둘째 불필요한 피폭을 억제하여야 한다. 셋째 방사선을 사용하지 않고 동일한 진료목적을 달성할 수 있는지 면밀히 검토해봐야 한다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위해서는 환자에 대한 피폭선량의 평가가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 치료병실 환자의 안전관리를 도모하고자 에어샘플러를 이용하여 공기를 채집하고, 채집한 시료의 방사선을 HPGe 감마카운터로 측정하였다. 치료병실에서 채집한 시료의 I-131 측정결과의 최고값은 $404.11Bq/m^3$, 평균값은 $228.27Bq/m^3$, 최저값은 $126.17Bq/m^3$ 이었다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.51-56
• /
• 2013

Background: The C-arm fluoroscope is an essential tool for the intervention of pain. The aim of this study was to investigate the radiation exposure experienced by the hand and chest of pain physicians during C-arm fluoroscopy-guided procedures. Methods: This is a prospective study about radiation exposure to physicians during transforaminal epidural steroid injection (TFESI) and medial branch block (MBB). Four pain physicians were involved in this study. Data about effective dose (ED) at each physician's right hand and left side of the chest, exposure time, radiation absorbed dose (RAD), and the distance from the center of the X-ray field to the physician during X-ray scanning were collected. Results: Three hundred and fifteen cases were included for this study. Demographic data showed no significant differences among the physicians in the TFESIs and MBBs. In the TFESI group, there was a significant difference between the ED at the hand and chest in all the physicians. In physician A, B and C, the ED at the chest was more than the ED at the hand. The distance from the center of the X-ray field to physician A was more than that of the other physicians, and for the exposure time, the ED and RAD in physician A was less than that of the other physicians. In the MBB group, there was no difference in the ED at the hand and chest, except for physician D. The distance from the center of the X-ray field to physician A was more than that of the other physicians and the exposure time in physician A was less than that of the other physicians. Conclusions: In conclusion, the distance from the radiation source, position of the hand, experience and technique can correlate with the radiation dose.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.220-225
• /
• 2017

Background: Benzene is a known occupational and environmental pollutant. Its urinary metabolite trans, trans-muconic acid (tt-MA) has been introduced by some environmental and occupational health regulatory associations as a biological index for the assessment of benzene exposure; however, recently, doubts have been raised about the specificity of tt-MA for low-level benzene exposures. In the present study, we investigated the association between urinary levels of tt-MA and inhalational exposure to benzene in different exposure groups. Methods: Benzene exposure was assessed by personal air sampling. Collected benzene on charcoal tube was extracted by carbon disulfide and determined by a gas chromatograph (gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector). Urinary tt-MA was extracted by a strong anion-exchange column and determined with high-performance liquid chromatography-UV. Results: Urinary levels of tt-MA in intensive benzene exposure groups (chemical workers and police officers) were significantly higher than other groups (urban and rural residents), but its levels in the last two groups with significant different exposure levels (mean = 0.081 ppm and 0.019 ppm, respectively) showed no significant difference (mean = $388{\mu}g/g$ creatinine and $282{\mu}g/g$, respectively; p < 0.05). Before work shift, urine samples of workers and police officers showed a high amount of tt-MA and its levels in rural residents' samples were not zero. Conclusion: Our results suggest that tt-MA may not be a reliable biomarker for monitoring low-level (below 0.5 ppm) benzene exposures.