• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.159-175
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• 2011

"Hwangjenaegyeong-taeso(黃帝內經太素)" is a classic work of Yang Sang-seon(楊上善), which comprises original articles of "Hwangjenaegyeong(黃帝內經)" along with "Somun(素問)", "Yeongchu(靈樞)", and "gapeul(甲乙)", as a one of the oldest annotated publications. Therefore, its significance lies in that "Hwangjenaegyeong-taeso(黃帝內經太素)" is a valuable work to reconstruct the original text of "Hwangjenaegyeong(黃帝內經)" and comprehend its fundamental ideas. The only printed edition of "Hwangjenaegyeong-taeso(黃帝內經太素)" was photocopied in 1981, and is currently known as 'Orient Edition'. While 'Orient Edition' was referred to as the draft for the latest revised edition, volume 21 and 27 were photocopied from hand-copied edition, not the original. The original publications of 'Orient Edition' have been stocked at 'Haengwuseook(杏雨書屋)' of Japan and were recently published. Hence, a comparative study between the two original volumes and the former ones has been conducted. Although the most of the differences were trivial, some may have led to distorted interpretation of the text. The errors of the former revised edition fall into a few specific categories, and the most significant ones were errors that were made during the hand-copying procedure. Moreover, there were errors that were made due to the low resolution of the former draft, and simple errors during the publishing. In this work, examples of such cases were presented, and the results were collected.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.491-503
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• 2010

This paper presents a research model, which identifies a relationship between medical error reduction, efficiency of organizational systems, and employee satisfaction with organizational support. The proposed model was tested through hypotheses, based on data collected from 210 respondents from the medical staff of large -sized (i.e., more than 500 beds) residential hospitals in cities of South Korea. The results of the study showed that medical error reduction is associated with corrective system and employee satisfaction with organizational support. Therefore, it is very important that organizations improve their employees' satisfaction by providing sufficient support (e.g., information support and sharing, work guide book, etc.) for their work. In addition, in organizational systems, the corrective system has positive relationship with medical error reduction. In terms of corrective procedures, leaders or managers can make improvements by providing and supporting a friendly work environment where errors may be reported without blame and discussed in order to be corrected.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.225-232
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• 2021

Purpose: Trauma is the top cause of death in people under 45 years of age. Deaths from severe trauma can have a negative economic impact due to the loss of people belonging to socio-economically active age groups. Therefore, efforts to reduce the mortality rate of trauma patients are essential. The purpose of this study was to investigate preventable mortality in trauma patients and to identify factors and healthcare-related challenges affecting mortality. Ultimately, these findings will help to improve the quality of trauma care. Methods: We analyzed the deaths of 411 severe trauma patients who presented to Gachon University Gil Hospital regional trauma center in South Korea from January 2015 to December 2017, using an expert panel review. Results: The preventable death rate of trauma patients treated at the Gachon University Gil Hospital regional trauma center was 8.0%. Of these, definitely preventable deaths comprised 0.5% and potentially preventable deaths 7.5%. The leading cause of death in trauma patients was traumatic brain injury. Treatment errors most commonly occurred in the intensive care unit (ICU). The most frequent management error was delayed treatment of bleeding. Conclusions: Most errors in the treatment of trauma patients occurred in early stages of the treatment process and in the ICU. By identifying the main causes of preventable death and errors during the course of treatment, our research will help to reduce the preventable death rate. Appropriate trauma care systems and ongoing education are also needed to reduce preventable deaths from trauma.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.247-256
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• 2014

Purpose : To assess target motion during radiotherapy by quantifying daily setup errors and inter-fractional and intra-fractional movements of pancreatic fiducials. Materials and Methods : Eleven patients were treated via stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) with volumetric modulated arc therapy. Bony setup errors were calculated using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Inter-fractional and intrafractional fiducial (seed) motion was determined via cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) projections and orthogonal fluoroscopy. Results : Using an off-line correction protocol, setup errors were 0.0 (-1.7-4.0), 0.3 (-0.5-3.0), and 0.0 (-4.1-6.6) mm for the left-right, anterior-posterior, and superior-inferior directions respectively. Random inter-fractional setup errors in the mean fiducial positions were -0.1, -1.1, and -2.3 mm respectively. Intra-fractional fiducial margins were 9.9, 7.8, and 12.5 mm, respectively. Conclusion : Online inter-fractional and intra-fractional corrections based on daily kV images and CBCT expedites SBRT of pancreatic cancer. Importantly, inter-fractional and intra-fractional motion needs to be measured regularly during treatment of pancreatic cancer to account for variations in patient respiration.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.129-137
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• 1998

Although the success of the Papanicolaou test as a screening tool of cervical cancer is evident, there still exists $2{\sim}5%$ of discrepancy rate by both human and machine. To improve the qualilty of cervico-vaginal cytology, the authors compared cervicovaginal smear with cervical biopsy diagnoses, and analysed the causes of discrepancies. Among 30,922 cervicovaginal smears from June 1996 to April 1997 at our hospital, there were 271 cases of cervicovaginal smear with subsequent cervical punch or LEEP cone biopsies within several months. The biopsies and smears from a total of 98 discordant cases were reviewed. The discrepancy was attributed to sampling errors in 43 cases(43.9%), and to cytologic diagnosis in 49 cases(50.0%). Among these, 43 cases were interpretative errors(categories A;19, B;16 and C;8) whereas six cases were screening errors(categories B:2 and C:4). Among cervical biopsy cases, errors were present in four. As for 10% random rescreening, cytotechnologists reviewed 3,196 of 30,922 smears during the same period, There were 43 cases of screening error(categories A;27, B;16). Cytologic/histologic correlation was superior to 10% random rescreening of negative cases. The most effective method for quality improvement in cervicovaginal cytology was to implement both quality control(rescreening) and qualify assurance(cytologic/histologic correlation) programs.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.169-177
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• 2011

The aim of this study is to review previous studies on human errors in the service delivery processes. Service industry is sharply growing in the advanced countries. Many people are looking for something to contribute to the service industry. Although there are many research topics related to service domain that human factors and ergonomics specialists can do contribute, a few researchers are studying such topics. This paper indicated how previous researches on human factors and human errors have addressed the service domain, in order to prompt human factor study on the service domain. A variety of sources were inspected for literature reviews, including books and journals of managements, medicine, psychology, consumer behavior as well as human factor and ergonomics. The characteristics of human errors in the service domain were investigated. Human error studies in several service sectors were summarized such as medical service, automotive service operation, travel agent service and call center service. Until now, human factors community was not much interested in human errors in service domain. However, there is much space to contribute to service domain; human error identification, human error analysis and control of human error. The research of human error in service domain can provide clues to improve service quality. This paper helps to guide to identify human error of service domain and to design service systems.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.103-116
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• 2010

"Maekgyung(脈經)" was the first book for diagnostic method in traditional Chinese medicine history, but it couldn't be spreaded widely. After that, "Maekgyeol(脈訣)" was widely spreaded for centuries, because it was more concise and easier to memorize than "Maekgyung". But as time went by, people got to know that "Maekgyeol" had many errors. After "Maekgyeolganoh(脈訣刊誤)" corrected the errors of "Maekgyeol", "Maekgyeol" came to lose its reputation and people began to study "Binhomaekhak(瀕湖脈學)" instead of "Maekgyeol". We got to wonder why "Maekgyeol" was criticized by many people, so we decided to compare the definitions of pulses(脈象) in "Maekgyung" and "Maekgyeol" and "Maekgyeolganoh". Both "Maekgyung" and "Maekgyeol" have 24 kinds of pulses, but 22 kinds are in common. In 22 kinds of pulses, only 2 kinds of definitions are similar and the others are different. And "Maekgyeolganoh" criticized errors of "Maekgyeol" and corrected the definitions by that of "Maekgyung". In conclusion, we come to know that "Maekgyeol" was rejected by people because it defined most of pulses different from "Maekgyung".

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2010

Background: Statistical analysis is essential in regard to obtaining objective reliability for medical research. However, medical researchers do not have enough statistical knowledge to properly analyze their study data. To help understand and potentially alleviate this problem, we have analyzed the statistical methods and errors of articles published in the Korean Journal of Pain (KJP), with the intention to improve the statistical quality of the journal. Methods: All the articles, except case reports and editorials, published from 2004 to 2008 in the KJP were reviewed. The types of applied statistical methods and errors in the articles were evaluated. Results: One hundred and thirty-nine original articles were reviewed. Inferential statistics and descriptive statistics were used in 119 papers and 20 papers, respectively. Only 20.9% of the papers were free from statistical errors. The most commonly adopted statistical method was the t-test (21.0%) followed by the chi-square test (15.9%). Errors of omission were encountered 101 times in 70 papers. Among the errors of omission, "no statistics used even though statistical methods were required" was the most common (40.6%). The errors of commission were encountered 165 times in 86 papers, among which "parametric inference for nonparametric data" was the most common (33.9%). Conclusions: We found various types of statistical errors in the articles published in the KJP. This suggests that meticulous attention should be given not only in the applying statistical procedures but also in the reviewing process to improve the value of the article.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.72-78
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• 2011

The aim of this study is to evaluate the patient's setup errors in TomoTherapy (Hi-Art II, TomoTherapy, USA) Bodyfix system (Medical Intelligence, Ele-kta, Schwabmuchen, Germany) pressure in the vacuum compression, depending on and were evaluated. Bodyfix immobilization system and vacuum pressure was compression applied to the patients who received Tomotherapy thoracic and abdominal area, 21 patients were selected and TomoTehpay treatment total 477 of MVCT images were obtained. The translational (medial-lateral: ML, anterior-posterior: AP, superior-inferior: SI directions) and rolling were recorded and analyzed statistically. Using Pearson's product-moment coefficient and One-way ANOVA, the degree of correlation depending on the different vacuum pressure levels were statistically analyzed for setup errors from five groups (p<0.05). The largest average and standard deviation of systematic errors were 6.00, 5.95 mm in the AP and SI directions, respectively. The largest average of random errors were 4.72 mm in the SI directions. The correlation coefficients were 0.485, 0.244, and 0.637 for the ML-Roll, AP-Vector, and SI-Vector, respectively. SI-Vector direction showed the best relationship. In the results of the different degree of vacuum pressure in five groups (Pressure range: 30~70 mbar), the setup errors between the ML, SI in both directions and Roll p=0.00 (p<0.05) were shown significant differences. The average errors of SI direction in the vacuum pressure of 40 mbar and 70 mbar group were 4.78 mm and -0.74 mm, respectively. In this study, the correlation between the vacuum pressure and the setup-errors were statistically analyzed. The fact that setup-errors in SI direction is dependent in vacuum pressure considerly setup-errors and movement of interal organs was identified. Finally, setup-errors, and it, based on the movement of internal organs in Bodyfix system we should apply more than 50 mbar vacuum pressure. Based on the results of this study, it is suggested that accuracy of the vacuum pressure and the quantitative analysis of movement of internal organs and the tumor should be studied.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2023

Inborn errors of metabolism encompass a wide variety of disorders, frequently affecting bone. This review presents a comprehensive retrospect on the primary involvement of bone in inborn errors of metabolism. Primary involvement of bone in inborn errors of metabolism includes entities that primarily affect the bone marrow, mineral component or cartilage. These include lysosomal storage disorders, hypophosphatasia, and hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets. In this review, we discuss the primary involvement of bone in inborn errors of metabolism (hypophosphatasia, X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets, Gaucher disease, and mucopolysaccharidoses) along with the therapeutic agents used in clinical settings, diagnostic strategies, and general management. With the development of disease-specific targeted therapies and supportive care, more number of patients with these disorders live longer and survive into adulthood. Moreover, skeletal symptoms have become a more prominent feature of these disorders. This makes the awareness of these skeletal symptoms more important.