• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.51-58
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• 2006

Objectives : Obesity causes serious medical complications and impairs quality of life in older persons. We review the literature on the clinical issues related to obesity in elderly and suggest appropriate weight-management guidelines for obese older patients. Methods : PubMed Database and RISS were searched for articles relating to obesity in the elderly. We classified articles according to clinical characteristics, assessments, medical complications, and therapy. Results and Conclusions : The current data show that obesity in elderly is associated with increased mortality, metabolic abnormalities, arthritis, pulmonary abnormalities, urinary incontinence, cancer, and impaired quality of life. Therefore, clinical studies are needed to demonstrate the effectiveness andsafety of weight-loss treatments in obese elderly.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.75-84
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• 2021

Objectives : To examine texts dealing with the Wenyilun in South Korea and to re-evaluate its medical theories that have been underrated in previous texts. Methods : The contents and organization of the Gejiaxueshuo were analyzed. In addition, a research paper on the overall contents of the Wenyilun was studied. Results : Common theories of the miscellaneous qi that were mentioned in the two documents such as 'specificity', 'nine-part transition treatment theory', and 'one disease one formula' are either irrelevant or resulting from erroneous interpretation. While both texts evaluated the merits and harms of the Wenyilun, erroneously deducted contents were used as evidence for negative assessments in both. Conclusions : Should the contents of the Wenyilun be evaluated with a focus on the critical points that clinicians with vast experiences with epidemic disease patients raised, we would be judging the text differently.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.82-90
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• 2003

Dopamine is an effective pressor for the treatment of shock and hypotension when patients do not respond to plasma volume expansion. Two dopamine intravenous delivery systems are currently available in Korea. The objective of this study was to compare dopamine premixed with prefilled system in terms of supply costs (preparation costs + personnel time), contamination rates and convenience. Time-and-motion studies were conducted to determine the time and costs associated with preparation and administration of the two systems. They were analyzed and compared by Mann-Whitney test. To evaluate the contaminaton rates of the two systems, both systems were prepared in an open environment similar to that of practical situations. Premixed and compounded solutions were then filtered by $0.22{\mu}m$ membrane filters, which were cultured at $37^{\circ}C$ for 10 days and their contents were visually checked for bacterial contamination. The convenience of the two systems was compared by itemized user assessments on preparation, dose calculation, admixture, administration and disposal of waste matters. They were analyzed by Wilcoxon's signed rank test and 100 part percentage. It was found that the preparation costs $(mean{\pm}SD)$ for premixed and prefilled systems were $271.70\pm293.55\;Won$ (Korean currency) and $1521.04\pm510.63\;Won$, respectively. The preparation time $(mean{\pm}SD)$ for premixed system was $68.10\pm35.69\;sec.$ while at for prefilled system was $154.03\pm50.06\;sec.$ (n=59 each, p<0.001). No bacterium was observed in the samples of both systems (n=20, each). User assessments indicated that the premixed system was more convenient than the prefilled system except for the item of dose calculation (n=24, p<0.001). Subjective evaluations have proven that the use of the dopamine premixed system resulted in increased efficiency of intravenous preparation by allowing personnel to devote more time to other labor-intensive duties and lower total medical costs.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.47-58
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• 2014

Objective : In Oriental medicine, the concept of Preventive Treatment Disease(治未病, PTD) is intended to actively deal with changes in modern disease patterns due to increase in chronic diseases. In China, preventive health service program based on PTD Theory are being carried out aimed at improving and/or preventing people's health. Method : For the introduction of PTD program based preventive service in Korea for the promotion of people's health, I would like to consider its possibility by reviewing the PTD program being conducted in China. Results : China's preventive health service programs based on PTD Theory started in 2008 for the purpose of promoting people's health and reducing medical expenses by providing medical services tailored to individuals. Regarding the effects of PTD program based preventive health service, improvement of discomforting symptoms comprised 73.04% of responses. As to service items, health guidance, Traditional Chinese Medicinal diagnosis, and preparation of health records were answered as being important. The importance of food and internal medicines for preventing and/or curing PTD Theory are also recognized. Also, as to satisfaction level, 90.64% responded as being satisfied in the order of the level of service providers, their attitudes, service processes, items, costs, and environments. Conclusion : As shown above, according to assessments on China's PTD programs, the PTD Theory is being applied to actual public health programs with highly effective results. Hence, it can be seen that such attempt could also be implemented in Korea as part of a scheme for promoting health by means of Korean medicine health promotion programs. However, further researches into concrete implementation schemes will have to be developed in the future as medical systems are different in Korea from in China.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.749-758
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• 2019

Objective: To investigate whether a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system based on a deep learning framework (deep learning-based CAD) improves the diagnostic performance of radiologists in differentiating between malignant and benign masses on breast ultrasound (US). Materials and Methods: B-mode US images were prospectively obtained for 253 breast masses (173 benign, 80 malignant) in 226 consecutive patients. Breast mass US findings were retrospectively analyzed by deep learning-based CAD and four radiologists. In predicting malignancy, the CAD results were dichotomized (possibly benign vs. possibly malignant). The radiologists independently assessed Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System final assessments for two datasets (US images alone or with CAD). For each dataset, the radiologists' final assessments were classified as positive (category 4a or higher) and negative (category 3 or lower). The diagnostic performances of the radiologists for the two datasets (US alone vs. US with CAD) were compared Results: When the CAD results were added to the US images, the radiologists showed significant improvement in specificity (range of all radiologists for US alone vs. US with CAD: 72.8-92.5% vs. 82.1-93.1%; p < 0.001), accuracy (77.9-88.9% vs. 86.2-90.9%; p = 0.038), and positive predictive value (PPV) (60.2-83.3% vs. 70.4-85.2%; p = 0.001). However, there were no significant changes in sensitivity (81.3-88.8% vs. 86.3-95.0%; p = 0.120) and negative predictive value (91.4-93.5% vs. 92.9-97.3%; p = 0.259). Conclusion: Deep learning-based CAD could improve radiologists' diagnostic performance by increasing their specificity, accuracy, and PPV in differentiating between malignant and benign masses on breast US.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.154-159
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• 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has profoundly impacted all aspects of undergraduate, postgraduate, and continuing medical education. Only the focus of medical education-care for patients and communities-has remained an integral part of all of the above sectors. Several challenges have been experienced by learners and educators as the education and training of future doctors has continued in the midst of this crisis, including the cancellation of face-to-face classes and training, reduced patient encounter opportunities, fairness issues in online assessments, disruption of patient interview-based exams, reflections on the role of doctors in society, and mental health-related problems linked to isolation and concerns about infection. In response to these disruptions, educators and institutions have rapidly deployed educational innovations. Schools have adopted educational strategies to overcome these challenges by implementing novel education delivery methods in an online format, providing clinical experiences through simulation or telehealth methods, introducing online assessment tools with formative purposes, encouraging learners' involvement in nonclinical activities such as community service, and making available resources and programs to sustain learners' mental health and wellness. During the COVID-19 pandemic, educators and institutions have faced drastic changes in medical education worldwide. At the same time, the quantitative expansion of online education has caused other problems, such as the lack of human collaboration. The long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical education need to be studied further.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.11-22
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• 2021

This review of the literature explored the experiences and effects of peer-assisted learning in basic medical education. Peer-assisted learning is most commonly utilized to teach clinical skills (including technical skills) and medical knowledge (76.4%). It has also been used, albeit less frequently, to facilitate small-group discussions including problem-based learning, to promote students' personal and professional development, to provide mentoring for career development and adaptation to school, to give tutoring to at-risk students, and to implement work-based learning in clinical settings. Near-peer learning is a common type. The use of active learning techniques and digital technology has been increasingly reported. Students' leadership had frequently been described. Student tutor training, programs for teaching skills, institutional support, and assessments have been conducted for effective peer-assisted learning. There is considerable positive evidence that peer-assisted learning is effective in teaching simple clinical skills and medical knowledge for tutees. However, its effects on complex skills and knowledge, small-group discussions, personal and professional development, peer mentoring, and work-based learning have rarely been studied. Additionally, little evidence exists regarding whether peer-assisted learning is effective for student tutors. Further research is needed to develop peer-assisted learning programs and to investigate their learning effects on student tutors, small-group discussion facilitation, personal and professional development, peer mentoring, and peer-led work-based learning in the clinical setting in South Korea. Formal programs and system advancement for a student-led learning culture is needed for effective peer-assisted learning.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.158-164
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• 2013

Objectives : "The purpose of this study is to report the effectiveness of Soshiho-tang(小柴胡湯)" on the patient suffered from nausea, retching, vomiting and postprandial fullness. Methods : We diagnosed the symptoms and the signs of the patient as Soshiho-tang syndrome(小柴胡湯證) according to "Treatise on Cold Damage Disease(傷寒論)". We prescribed Soshiho-tang with acupuncture and moxibustion for about 2 weeks. Results : The subjective assessments of the nausea and postprandial fullness had improved. And the frequencies of the retching and vomiting had decreased. Conclusions : We suggest that Soshiho-tang has effectiveness on nausea, retching, vomiting and postprandial fullness in patient diagnosed as Soshiho-tang symptom.

• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.12-15
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• 2010

Global prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) is known to 5.6 ~ 9.8%. Then life insurance applicants from persons with COPD are frequently encountered, and the underwriter and insurance medical doctors are called on with some regularity to render assessments of the mortality risk associated with COPD. According to previous article which contains long-term follow up of COPD, mortality ratio and excess death rate were 230% and 29 per 1000, respectively. Nowadays molecular genetic methodology such as GWAS has been developed. So it might be possible that molecular diagnostic methods may be one of useful underwriting tools in the life insurance risk selection of COPD applicants.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.1104-1113
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• 2020

Objective: To assess the regional ventilation in patients with asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap syndrome (ACOS) using xenon-ventilation dual-energy CT (DECT), and to compare it to that in patients with COPD. Materials and Methods: Twenty-one patients with ACOS and 46 patients with COPD underwent xenon-ventilation DECT. The ventilation abnormalities were visually determined to be 1) peripheral wedge/diffuse defect, 2) diffuse heterogeneous defect, 3) lobar/segmental/subsegmental defect, and 4) no defect on xenon-ventilation maps. Emphysema index (EI), airway wall thickness (Pi10), and mean ventilation values in the whole lung, peripheral lung, and central lung areas were quantified and compared between the two groups using the Student's t test. Results: Most patients with ACOS showed the peripheral wedge/diffuse defect (n = 14, 66.7%), whereas patients with COPD commonly showed the diffuse heterogeneous defect and lobar/segmental/subsegmental defect (n = 21, 45.7% and n = 20, 43.5%, respectively). The prevalence of ventilation defect patterns showed significant intergroup differences (p < 0.001). The quantified ventilation values in the peripheral lung areas were significantly lower in patients with ACOS than in patients with COPD (p = 0.045). The quantified Pi10 was significantly higher in patients with ACOS than in patients with COPD (p = 0.041); however, EI was not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: The ventilation abnormalities on the visual and quantitative assessments of xenon-ventilation DECT differed between patients with ACOS and patients with COPD. Xenon-ventilation DECT may demonstrate the different physiologic changes of pulmonary ventilation in patients with ACOS and COPD.