• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.76 no.5
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• pp.226-232
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• 2014

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airflow limitation and results from environmental factors and genetic factors. Although cigarette smoking is a major risk factor, other environmental exposures can influence COPD. The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical characteristics of COPD according to the history of environmental exposure. Methods: The study population comprised of 347 subjects with COPD who were recruited from the pulmonary clinics of 14 hospitals within the Korean Obstructive Lung Disease Study Group. We classified environmental exposures according to history of living near factory, and direct exposure history to firewood or briquette. According to living environmental exposures, we compared the frequency of respiratory symptoms, pulmonary function, quality of life, exercise capacity, and computed tomography phenotypes. Results: Thirty-one subjects (8.9%) had history of living near factory, 271 (78.3%) had exposure history to briquette, and 184 (53.3%) had exposure history to firewood. Patients with history of living near a factory had a significantly longer duration of sputum, while patients with exposure to firewood tended to have lower forced expiratory volume in one second, and patients with exposure to briquette tended to have lower six minute walk distance. Conclusion: COPD subjects with the history of living near factory had more frequent respiratory symptoms such as sputum. Our data suggest that environmental exposure may influence clinical phenotype of COPD.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.131-150
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• 1997

As to the effects of drinking on the cerebrovascular system, the result of studies by Eastern-Western medicine indicate the following conclusions: 1. Oriental medical studies show drinking causes 'Dam-em', 'Dam-tak', and 'Seub-yul' and is, thus related to hypertension and hyperlipidemia. 2. Oriental medical studies also show that hypertension and hyperlipidemia, which includes apoplexy, a dizziness, headaches and 'Gan-yang', are caused by 'Dam-em', 'Dam-tak' and 'Heul-uh'. In most cases of obesity. which is piled 'Seub-dam' in the spleen and stomach, is caused by alcohol consumption. 3. Large amounts of alcohol consumption is a dangerous factor in many kinds of cerebrovascular attacks but under the middle grade of drinking it is not harmful. And it is a predominant theory that a small quantity of alcohol consumption is good for preventing cerebrovascular attacks. 4. Taking a brain computed tomography after alcohol has been introduced into the system reveals strange symptoms like ventricle dilatation, cerebral atrophy, and pathologic histological degeneration. 5. Alcohol is related to hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity which are dangerous factors in cerebrovascular attacks. This is especially true with hypertension and obesity. 6. Western medicine says, because of the close relations between hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and the grade of obesity, drinking increases the chances of cerebrovascular attacks. Our findings show that reducing alcohol intake, an environmental factor, will help prevent cerebrovascular attacks.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.345-353
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to examine the health of beauty salon workers through the utilization of questionnaires concerning the extent of exposure to organic solvents found in the air of some beauty salons and any resultant symptoms in employees. The subjects were 36 employees from 10 beauty salons who agreed to participate in this study. The degree of exposure to organic solvents in the air of beauty salons was measured from September 1, 2008 to September 30, 2008. A survey of symptoms that occurred due to exposure to these solvents was also performed. The results were as follows: questionnaires were collected and analyzed from a total of 36 subjects. Of these, 28(77.8%) were female and 8(22.2%) were male. The mean age was 29.08. The mean working period was 7.13 years. Sixteen subjects attended programs at universities while 11 went to beauty schools for vocational education. When testing the concentration of organic solvents in the air of beauty salons, the highest value found was Isopropyl alcohol 511.85 ppb followed by butyl acetate, toluene, acetone, xylene, ethyl benzene, styrene, and chlorobenzene. A logistic regression analysis was performed as follows: the point of each factor was the dependent variable while sex, age, drinking, smoking, educational level, work experience, hairdresser's license, and organic solvents were the independent variables. Statistically significant difference (p<0.05) was shown in the hairdresser's license among Factor 1 and in Xylene among Factor 2; however, difference was not shown in the other variables.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.271-279
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• 2013

This study has significance in terms of its intent to contribute to the increase in hospital revisits by proposing measures to enhance name awareness through an examination of the relationship between the name awareness of public medical institutions and patients' revisit, and its corresponding influences. The study findings were drawn by employing analysis methods such as frequency analysis, reliability and exploratory factor analysis, t-tests, ANOVA, correlation analysis, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The results of the correlation analysis showed statistically significant correlations between all independent variables and the patients' revisit or not. The perception of service quality and the environmental factor of medical treatment increased the explanatory power of independent variables, thereby exhibiting a high correlation with the revisit to medical institutions. The usual image, medical service, and medical treatment environment were revealed to have a positive influence on the patient's intent to revisit. This study could confirm a correlation between the name awareness of medical public institutions and the patients' revisit or not. Consequently, to improve the quality and infrastructure of their medical services, public medical institutions are required to perform studies on measures to increase the revisits of patients by identifying their image, medical services, and treatment environment on a consistent basis.

• BMB Reports
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• v.45 no.11
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• pp.647-652
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• 2012

We previously reported that MSTO-211H cells have a higher capacity to regulate Nrf2 activation in response to changes in the cellular redox environment. To further characterize its biological significance, the response of Nrf2, a transcription factor that regulates ARE-containing genes, on the synergistic cytotoxic effect of clofarabine and resveratrol was investigated in mesothelioma cells. The combination treatment showed a marked growth-inhibitory effect, which was accompanied by suppression of Nrf2 activation and decreased expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). While transient overexpression of Nrf2 conferred protection against the cytotoxicity caused by their combination, knockdown of Nrf2 expression using siRNA enhanced their cytotoxic effect. Pretreatment with Ly294002, a PI3K inhibitor, augmented the decrease in HO-1 level by their combination, whereas no obvious changes were observed in Nrf2 levels. Altogether, these results suggest that the synergistic cytotoxic effect of clofarabine and resveratrol was mediated, at least in part, through suppression of Nrf2 signaling.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.37-40
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• 2008

Iron is an essential element for almost all living organisms. The possible role of iron for growth, adherence and cytotoxicity of Entamoeba histolytica was evaluated in this study. The absence of iron from TYI-S-33 medium stopped amebic growth in vitro. However, iron concentrations in the culture media of 21.4-285.6 ${\mu}M$ did not affect the growth of the amebae. Although growth was not retarded at these concentrations, the adhesive abilities of E. histolytica and their cytotoxicities to CHO cell monolayer were correlated with iron concentration. Amebic adhesion to CHO cell monolayers was significantly reduced by low-iron ($24.6{\pm}2.1%$) compared with $62.7{\pm}2.8\;and\;63.1{\pm}1.4%$ of amebae grown in a normal-iron and high-iron media, respectively. E. histolytica cultured in the normal- and high-iron media destroyed $69.1{\pm}4.3%\;and\;72.6{\pm}5.7%$ of cultured CHO cell monolayers, but amebae grown in the low-iron medium showed a significantly reduced level of cytotoxicity to CHO cells ($2.8{\pm}0.2%$). Addition of divalent cations other than iron to amebic trophozoites grown in the low-iron medium failed to restore levels of the cytotoxicity. However, when E. histolytica grown in low-iron medium were transferred to normal-iron medium, the amebae showed completely restored cytotoxicity within 7 days. The result suggests that iron is an important factor in the adherence and cytotoxicity of E. histolytica to CHO cell monolayer.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.143-144
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• 2001

Eukaryotic nuclear transcription factor, NF-B and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has been implicated in pathogenesis of many human diseases including tumor and are known to be activated by various external stimuli. Recently, increasing evidences have supported that L-ascorbic acid (LAA) is selectively toxic to some types of tumors at pharmacological concentrations as a prooxidant, rather than antioxidant.(omitted)

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.605-611
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• 2017

The structure of the actual detector was computed using the code of the PENELOPE. Using the standard mixed sources (450, 1,000 ml), compare the effectiveness of each energy according to various densities and height of the PENELOPE computer simulation, and calculate the effectiveness of the various environmental specimens and apply them to various environmental specimens to determine the lower limit. The values obtained by the obtained value were obtained by applying the obtained efficiency to the actual environmental specimens and obtaining the lower limit values. The density correction factor is 1.155 g of the density correction factor of $0.4g/cm^3$ (59.54keV), 1.153 (661 keV), $1.06g/cm^3$ 1.064 (1,836.04keV), 1.03, and 1.033. It was confirmed that the radioactivity concentration of environmental samples decreased as the amount of specimen was measured increases, and the MDA value decreased as time measured increases.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.536-539
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• 2004

The apicoectomy is an operation in which the root apex is removed and the adjacent periapical pathologic tissue is curetted. In this operation, there are several factors that may lead to the surgical wound infection, such as, local, systemic, environmental, endogenous and surgical factor. The systemic medical and surgical factor that may compromise patients defense are more important cause of the wound infection. The postoperative infection is likely to occur owing to poor systemic condition(especially geriatric cancer patient with operation, radiotherapy and chemotherapy), postoperative accumulation of hematoma & seroma and other contaminated factors. So, the authors established the immediate rubber drainage into the sutured wound of dental apicoectomy for the prevention of postoperative infection. The results are more favorable without the wound infection in total 31 cases of the dentistry of Dong San Medical Center & Wonju Christian Hospital.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2019

Fish shows great difference in growth rate between individuals during larval development and early growth. This difference seriously reduces the production efficiency in fish culture. Growth hormone (GH)/Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) system is said to play some pivotal roles in fish growth. In this study, we investigated differences of GH, IGF1 and GHR gene expressions in juvenile red spotted grouper (Epinephelus akaara) with different growth performance. Red spotted groupers were reared under the same environmental condition (water temperature $24{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, natural light) for 96 days after hatching. They were divided into 3 groups by size (fast growing, middle growing and slow growing groups: FGG, MGG, and SGG, respectively). RNA was extracted from the brain, liver and muscle tissues from each group, and target gene expression was examined by real-time PCR. In the brain with pituitary gland, expression of GH gene in FGG was significantly higher than the expression in SGG, but the expression of IGF1 and GHR genes in the muscle was highest in SGG. Difference of GHR and IGF1 mRNA in the liver between groups with different growth performance was less clear than that in other tissues, although level of IGF1 mRNA was higher in SGG than in MGG. These results suggest that hormonal governing of growth is not the same in fast growing and slow growing fish, and size grading could cause a shift of hormonal state and growth pattern in this species.