• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.5-14
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• 2010

Background: There have been several reports describing the capability of ginseng extracts as an adjuvant. In this study, we tested if ginsan, a polysaccharide extracted from Panax ginseng, was effective in enhancing antibody response to orally delivered Salmonella antigen. Methods: Ginsan was treated before oral salmonella antigen administration. Salmonella specific antibody was determined by ELISA. mRNA expression was determined by RT-PCR. Cell migration was determined by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. COX expression was detected by western blot. Results: Ginsan treatment before oral Salmonella antigen delivery significantly increased both secretory and serum antibody production. Ginsan increased the expression of COX in the Peyer's patches. Various genes were screened and we found that CCL3 mRNA expression was increased in the Peyer's patch. Ginsan increased dendritic cells in the Peyer's patch and newly migrated dendritic cells were mostly found in the subepithelial dome region. When COX inhibitors were treated, the expression of CCL3 was reduced. COX inhibitor also antagonized both the migration of dendritic cells and the humoral immune response against oral Salmonella antigen. Conclusion: Ginsan effectively enhances the humoral immune response to orally delivered antigen, mediated by CCL3 via COX. Ginsan may serve as a potent vaccine suppliment for oral immunization.

• 한국의학물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국의학물리학회 2002년도 Proceedings
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• pp.324-327
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• 2002

For a next generation PET that realizes high sensitivity and high resolution, we proposed a design of a depth of interaction detector. A unit of the detector is constructed of four stages rectangular blocks of 2 by 2 Gd$_2$SiO$\sub$5/: Ce (GSO) crystal array optically coupled to position sensitive photomultiplier tube (PS-PMT). The 256ch flat panel PS-PMT is under development by Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., JAPAN. It has large cathode area, 51.7 by 51.7 mm$^2$, and the ratio of the effective area to external size is about 90%. The feature will contribute high packing fraction, accordingly high sensitivity. The 256 anodes are arranged in 16 by 16 at intervals of 3.0 mm. So as to evaluate the detector capability for identifying crystal of interaction, we got positioning image histograms with coupling a 16 by 5 array of GSO crystals, 2.9 by 2.9 by 7.5 mm$^3$, to the PS-PMT by irradiating a gamma ray uniformly from a point source. Flat panel PS-PMT is a new promising device for PET. We need to evaluate it if its performance is sufficiency. The performance was compared to the one with a 16ch PS-PMT.

• 한국의학물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국의학물리학회 2002년도 Proceedings
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• pp.305-308
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• 2002

More complex radiotherapy techniques using multi leaf collimation(MLC) such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy(IMRT) has been increasing the significance of verification of leaf position and motion. Due to the reliability and robustness, quality assurance(QA) of MLC is usually performed with portal films. However, the advantage of ease of use and capability of providing digital data of electronic portal imaging devices(EPIDs) have attracted many attentions as alternatives of films for routine quality assurance in spite of the concerns about their clinical feasibility, efficacy, and the cost to benefit ratio. In our work, the method of routine QA of MLC using electronic portal imaging(EPI) was developed. The verification of availability of EPI images for routine QA was performed by comparison with those of the portal films which were simultaneously obtained when radiation was delivered and known prescription input to MLC controller. Specially designed test patterns of dynamic MLC were applied to image acquisition. Quantitative off-line analysis using edge detection algorithm enhanced the verification procedure in addition to on-line qualitative visual assessment. In conclusion, the EPI is available enough for routine QA with the accuracy of portal films.

• 한국의학물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국의학물리학회 2002년도 Proceedings
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• pp.199-201
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• 2002

Cancer therapy using high-energy $^{12}$ C ions is successfully under way at HIMAC, Japan. An alternative beam to $^{12}$ C is $^{11}$ C ions. The merit of $^{11}$ C over $^{12}$ C is its capability for monitoring spatial distribution of the irradiated $^{11}$ C by observing the $\beta$$^{+}$ decay with a good position resolution. One of the several problems to be solved before its use for therapy is the amount of nuclear interaction that deteriorates the dose concentration owing to the Bragg curve. Utilizing the dedicated secondary beam course for R&D studies at HIMAC, we measured the total energy loss of $^{11}$ C ions in a scintillator block that simulates the soft tissue in human bodies. In addition to the total absorption $^{11}$ C peak, non-negligible bump-shaped contribution is observed in the energy spectrum. The origin of the bump contribution can be nuclear interaction of the incident $^{11}$ C ions with hydrogen and carbon atoms. Further studies to reduce the ambiguity in dose distribution are mentioned.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.316-320
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• 2010

We report an application of full-field optical coherence tomography (FF-OCT) for identifying counterfeit bank notes. The depth-resolved imaging capability of FF-OCT was used for tomographic identification of superficially-identical objects. By retrieving the internal structures of the security feature (cash hologram) of an original banknote, we could demonstrate the feasibility of FF-OCT to identify counterfeit money. The FF-OCT images showed that the hologram consisted of micron scale multi-coated layers including an air gap. Therefore, it is expected that FF-OCT has potential as a new non-invasive tool to discern imitation of currency, and it would find applications in a wide field of counterfeit sciences.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2001

Recently, natural disasters happened to the Korea frequently. Disaster in the present society has been changed and increased it impacts and extent of danger as the society develops. So, Korean people feel uneasy about the unpredictable disaster. Therefore the capability of administration system, and cooperation and support between related organization become more necessary. This study aims to find out better ways of disaster management system which can protect people's lives and fortune from all sort of national disasters. To research policy reform, it is necessary to analyze disaster response organization(national disaster prevention countermeasures headquarters and so on), interorganizational relationship, law system etc. Especially, in this study, role appreciation of government was analyzed to get the rational policy reform measure. Suggestion : First, it is necessary Establishing a consolidated organization for disaster managing and united response organization is necessary such as Federal Emergency Management Agency(FEMA) which controls an over all aspects of disaster management. And it is necessary to develop Integrated Administrative Control System based on comprehensive plan. When the accidents happen, it needs to be many equipments and various specialized personnel. So, to manage a large scale of disaster, it is necessary to have interorganizational network system which many specialized organization including volunteer group are integrated. Also, as soon as the natural disaster happen, many professionals and volunteers are distributed to the spots of disaster in the right man in the right place. Finally, All the citizens have to keep safety rules, and also to take a safe action in ordinary daily life.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.35-49
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a resilience measurement scale and verify its validity and reliability. Methods: This was a methodological study. The preliminary items of the scale were derived from literature reviews and in-depth interviews. The data were collected from October 30, 2017 to January 20, 2018, and paramedics working in hospitals or fire departments were selected using convenience sampling. A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 213 paramedics in Korea. Results: Through content validity, item analysis and exploratory factor analysis, a total of 6 factors and 26 items were extracted, and the total variance was 67.12%. Factor 1 was "self-efficacy" (11 items), factor 2 was "internal control" (5 items), factor 3 was "empowerment" (2 items), factor 4 was "interpersonal capability", (3 items), factor 5 was "social support" (2 items), and factor 6 was "adaptation and coping" (3 items). Conclusion: This is the first scale developed in Korea to measure the resilience of paramedics. In future, this scale of this study will contribute to developing a resilience improvement program based on understanding the resilience level of paramedics.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.343-344
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• 2006

Powder injection molding(PIM) is widely used for many parts in the field of automotives, electronics and medical industries, due to the capability of net shaping for complex 3-D geometry. Powder injection mold design fur the dental scaler tip, a component of medical appliance, was presented. In comparison with conventional machining process, powder injection molding has many advantages, specially in price and dimensional stability, for molding dental scaler tip which has complex geometry. Both product design and mold design for dental scaler tip were presented. The 'rapid mold' concept was applied to manufacture the various forms of dental scaler tip.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.327-342
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• 2006

Radiation therapy is an important part of cancer treatment in which cancer patients are treated using high-energy radiation such as x-rays, gamma rays, electrons, protons, and neutrons. Currently, about half of all cancer patients receive radiation treatment during their whole cancer care process. The goal of radiation therapy is to deliver the necessary radiation dose to cancer cells while minimizing dose to surrounding normal tissues. Success of radiation therapy highly relies on how accurately 1) identifies the target and 2) aim radiation beam to the target. Both tasks are strongly dependent of imaging technology and many imaging modalities have been applied for radiation therapy such as CT (Computed Tomography), MRI (Magnetic Resonant Image), and PET (Positron Emission Tomogaphy). Recently, many researchers have given significant amount of effort to develop and improve imaging techniques for radiation therapy to enhance the overall quality of patient care. For example, advances in medical imaging technology have initiated the development of the state of the art radiation therapy techniques such as intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), gated radiation therapy, tomotherapy, and image guided radiation therapy (IGRT). Capability of determining the local tumor volume and location of the tumor has been significantly improved by applying single or multi-modality imaging fur static or dynamic target. The use of multi-modality imaging provides a more reliable tumor volume, eventually leading to a better definitive local control. Image registration technique is essential to fuse two different image modalities and has been In significant improvement. Imaging equipments and their common applications that are in active use and/or under development in radiation therapy are reviewed.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.141-153
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• 2012

Nowadays, the humankind's lives are affluent enough and the modern medical cure systems have made the humans' lives much longer. In spite of the modern medical development, the chronic & regressive diseases are rapidly increasing ironically. In this regards, many countries endeavoring to rely on the traditional or CAM instead of Conventional and Modern Medicines. The late Steve Jobs who sought for the natural therapy for his pancreatic cancer was one representative example. Every countries are investing huge amount of money to become the leader in the CAM market. Moreover, by preoccupying the world-wide standards, each country is trying to grab the market monopoliy. In this thesis, I examined several coutries' CAM markets and their CAM development strategies. These strategies should be considered for the KTM development Strategy. Fortunately, KTM has doing the main role in the Korean CAM development strategy. But to become the world leader in CAM market, the governmental committee should be established and the Financial Investment and Aid Program should be followed. It is very important to obtain the world standards. To do so, the R&D capability should be enhanced also. The world trends in CAM should be scrutinized and the Government Agency - Scholartic Group - Research institute have to cooperate for the same target.