• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.93-102
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• 2009

During the Geum and Won dynasties, the documentary characteristics of "Chimgyeongjinam","Chimguokryonggyeong" can be summarized into the following. 1. "Chimgyeongjinam" 1) "Chimgyeongjinam" is an acupuncture and moxibustion anthology by the acupuncture expert of the Geum and Won dynasties, Duhangyeong(竇漢卿) which was edited and revised by Dugyebang and is a kind of "Chimgusaseo(鍼灸四書)" that was printed in the Huanggyeong Imja year of the Won dynasty(1312). 2. This book was printed as a kind of "Chimgusaseo" and the origins of the editions are as such. The entire text of "Chimgusaseo" originates from the Won edition[元刊本] of "Chimgyeongjinam". 3. This book has all the 12 acupuncture and moxibustion dissertations by Du. 4. Most of the contents of Du's works in this book are collections from older medical books like "Jaoyujuchimgyeong(子午流注鍼經)","Donginsuhyeolchimgudogyeong(銅人腧穴鍼灸圖經)","Yujupalhyeol(流注八穴)","Naegyeong(內經)". 5. Duhangyeong's works on acupuncture and moxibustion were mostly collected by later generations and reflected in books on Du's acupuncture methods. dynasty. 2. "Chimguokryonggyeong" 1) The full title of "Chimguokryonggyeong" is "Pyeonjaksineungchimguokryonggyeong(扁鵲神應鍼灸玉龍經)" and it was edited by Wanggukseo(王國瑞) in the Won dynasty. 2) This book was written before 1290 and there is the '"Munyeongaksagojeonseo(文淵閣四庫全書)" edition' which was pretty much spread around much. 3) The main part of this book is the 'Okryongga(玉龍歌)' and it's annotations. 4) The main contents of this book is a record of the acupuncture techniques of the acupuncture master of the Won dynasty, Duhangyeong.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.37-49
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• 2004

In the existing Medical Literatures in Korea and China, there is neither the same book name nor same contents of the Medical Book named ${\ulcorner}$Yoryak(要略)${\lrcorner}$, but in viewing of the different name as written as ${\ulcorner}$GyoinYoryak(敎人要略)${\lrcorner}$, it is considered that written as an unpublished manuscript-book for the purpose of Medical Education in the latter period of Chosun Dynasty. While the author, Songgyesanin(松溪散人) is even anonymous as yet, it is regarded that he was much familiar with medical science as a secluded ascetic aiming for Taoism-like Life In ${\ulcorner}$Yoryak${\lrcorner}$, the contents of Taoism Literature named as ${\ulcorner}$OjangYukbudo(五臟六腑圖)${\lrcorner}$ which was regarded that had been actually initiated since ${\ulcorner}$Euibangyoochui(醫方類聚)${\lrcorner}$ is being quoted thereat, also it attempts to combine with ${\ulcorner}$DonguiBogam(東醫寶鑑)${\lrcorner}$, the typical Medical Literature of Chosun Dynasty. With reference to Cause of Disease, since Chin Moo-Taek(陳無擇) asserted 'Theory of Three-Causes(三因說)' in his Book ${\ulcorner}$Samin Keukilbyungjeung Bangron(三因極一病證方論)${\lrcorner}$, it effects many influences to the coming generation, However, on coming up to ${\ulcorner}$Yoryak${\lrcorner}$, the medical science book of Chosun Dynasty, the 'Theory of Two-Causes(二因說)' which consisted of 'Internal Causes by Seven Emotions' and 'Exterior Causes by Six Harmful Surroundings' is also being asserted. In accordance with this Theory, it refers to the 'Seven Emotions(七情)' as the fundamental factor to possibly weaken the viscera and entrails, and also regards that the Exterior Harmful Surroundings invade to body when the viscera and entrails are under weakened condition. Therefore, since Cause of Disease naming as 'Cause Theory at Neither Interior Nor Exterior' is not tolerable in such Diagnostic System, it is daringly advocating the 'Two Causes Theory', getting free from the viewpoint of 'Three Causes Theory' that Chin Moo-Taek has ever maintained.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.43-54
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• 2010

1. "GuGeupGanIBang(救急簡易方)" is a Korean annotation emergency treatment book made by scholars that were learned in medicine such as Naeuiwon(內醫院) head Yoo n Ho(尹壕) Seo Ha gun(西河君) Im Won jun(任元濬) GongJoChamPan(工曹參判) Park An sung(朴安性) Hanseongbu Jwayun(漢城府左尹) Gwon Geon(權健) SungRokDaeBuHaengByeongJoPanSeo(崇祿大夫行兵曹判書) YangCheonGun(陽川君) Heo Jong(許琮) following instructions of King Sungjong. This book was made by supplementing "EiBangRyuChwi(醫方類聚)", "HyangYakJeSengBang(鄕藥濟生方)" and "GuGeupBang(救急方)". When Yoon Ho presented it the king in May 1489(the 20th year of Sungjong), the king made the governors of each province publish it in large numbers, allowing common people to have this book and find the treatment immediately and save lives. 2. "GuGeupGanIBang(救急簡易方)" consists of 8 volumes, 127 chapters. Contents on stroke is the largest section. Separate chapters for gynecology and pediatrics let children that are easily ill and women that cannot get treatment freely be taken care of. It is an first aid medical book covering all ages, fulfilling its original purpose.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.71-83
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• 1996

Hyang-Yack-Ku-Keup-Bang(鄕藥救急方) is our own, medical work written about the middle of the time of Korea Dynasty. I restored and researched this book because it needed to be illuminated about its medico-historic value and then I came to some conclusions as follows. 1. Hyang-Yack-Ku-Keup-Bang was published in Dae-jang-do-kam(大藏都監) of Kanghaw island(江華島) about the middle of Korea Dynasty. Choi Ja-ha(崔自河) republished it on original publication ground in Euiheung(義興) of Kyungsang-Province(慶尙道) in July, Taejong's(太宗) 17th year of Chosen Dynasty (A.D.1417) and this book was published again in Chungcheng Province(忠淸道) in Sejong's(世宗) 9th year(A.D.1427). The book published in Taejong's days was in the possession of books department of Kung-nae-cheng(宮內廳) in Japan and was the oldest medical book of existing ones. 2. Bang-Jung-Hyang-Yack-Mock-Cho-Bu(方中鄕藥目草部) of this book was originally intended to be adjusted in each division with the title of Bang-Jung-Hyang-Yack-Mock(方中鄕藥目). But Herb part(草部) only followed editing progress of Jeung-Lew-Bon-Cho(證類本草), the rest is not divided into each part and is together arranged at the below of Herb part with the title of Bang-Jung-Hyang-Yack-Mock-Cho-Bu. The Korean inscriptions on some drugstuffs in this book are different between Native Name(鄕名) of three volumes of provisions and general-spoken(俗云) of Bang-Jung-Hyang-Yack-Mock-Cho-Bu. In this, it is estimated that the publishing time and editor of tile volume of provisions and Bang-Jung-Hyang-Yack-Mock-Cho-Bu are different. I think Choi Ja-ha compiled this behind three volumes of provisions when he published. 3. This book picked some prescriptions which consisted of obtainable drugs with ease in Korea in the books of Chell-Keum-Yo-Bang(千金要方), Oi-Dae-Bi-Yo(外臺秘要), Tae-Peong-Sung-Hye-Bang(太平聖惠方), Ju-Hu-Bang(?後方), Kyung-Hum-Yang- Bang(經驗良方) Bo-Je-Bon-Sa-Bang(普濟本事方) Bi-Ye-Baik-Yo-Bang(備預百要方) and so on and got together our own prescriptions. On the whole Bi-Ye-Baik-Yo-Bang was a chief referrence book, On this, other books referred to and corrected. 4. In provisions quoted from Hyang-Yack-Jip-Sung-Bang(鄕藥集成方), there are seven provisions; leg-paralysis part, coughing part, headache part, obstetrics part, etc. don't show in this book. This is why Choi Ja-ha published only certain texts on Dae-jang-do-kam edition his own posession. So we can think the existing edition has a little misses compared with original edition. 5. This book recorded only names of drugstuffs in animal drug department like fowls, crab, goldbug, earthworm, etc. and didn't tell us ways of taking those. This is effect of Buddhist culture on medicine. This is efforts to practice 'Don't murder';one of Five Prohibition of Buddhism. 6. Beacause this book was published at the time, when our originative medicine would be set forth. This followed the Chinese ways in Theory, Treatment, Prescription and used 'Hyang Yack' in Medication out of theory of Korean medicine, which was a transitional form. So this is all important material which tell us aspects of development of 'Hyang Yack' the middle of Korea Dynasty.and this is also the beginning of originative, medical works like Dong-Eui-Bo-Kam(東醫寶鑑), Dong-Eui-Su-Bo-Won(東醫壽世保元). 7. There are few contents based on 'Byen-Jeung-Lon-Chi(辨證論治)'in this book. So we can see this book is not for doctors who study medical thoughts but for general public who suffer from diseases resulted from war. Because this book was written for a first-aid treatmeant, this is an index of medical service for the people those days. And this is also an useful datum for first-aid medicine or military medicine in these modern days. 8. Nowadays, parts of learned world of Korean medicine disregard essential theories and want to explain Korean medicine only by the theories or the methods of Western medicine. Moreover they don't adopt Chinese and Japanese theorys & thoughts about Oriental medicine in our own style and just view in there level. What was worse, there is a growing tendency for them to indulge in a trimming policy of scholarship and to take others' ideas. I think these trends to ignore our own medical thoughts involving growth of 'Hyang Yack' in the middle of Korea Dynasty, Dong-Eui-Bo-Kam and Dong-Eui-Su-Se-Bo-Won. So we, as researchers of Korean medicine, must get out of this tendency, and take over brilliant tradition and try to develop originative Korean medicine.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.3-10
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• 2002

Through the study, these are found out about "Hyangyakboncho(Korean herb)" and Sanghanmun of "Hayangyakjibsungbang". First of all, "Hyangyakboncho(Korean herb)" is a Korean hreb book that contains only the herbs that were produced or cultivated in Korea. Secondly, "Hyangyakboncho(Korean herb)" is a practical herb book which widened its use in Korea. Third, "Hyangyakboncho(Korean herb)" is a practical herb book that was convinient for people. Fourth, "Hyangyakboncho(Korean herb)" is a brand new herb book that gathered all the knowledge about herb in Korea and abroad. Fifth, "Hyangyakboncho(Korean herb)" is a brand new herb book that contains all about processing method.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.1078-1105
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• 2008

An empirical formula that has been empirically shown to be effective for a particular condition can be said to add medicinal materials to an existing formula or to make a new prescription by the Korean medical doctors' empirical clinic. This dissertation aims to study the prescriptions according to A Confidential Document of A Distinguished Medical Family written by the writer's ancestor and to contribute to the development of Korean medicine. A Confidential Document of A Distinguished Medical Family is a medicinal recipe that is an heirloom of the Gyeongju Kim family for the eighth generation. And the date and the writer of the book are unknown. The contents of the book consist of 18 parts and are made up of about 300 medical recipes. Of these, 158 formulas and indications of cold damage, wind, urination, stool, jaundice, and internal injury are found in the book. From among these, 61 formulas was directly quoted out of The Precious Mirror of Oriental Medicine, 97 formulas are adjusted in proportion or combined. By the parity of reasoning of the above, I think that this book was published after The Precious Mirror of Oriental Medicine. I will continue to study other formulas except the formulas above mentioned.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.3-21
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• 2000

Through the research on the "Bi Ye Baek Yo Bang", which is a part of "Eui Bang Yoo Chui", "Bi Ye Baek Yo Bang" is discovered to be a Korean medical book of the late Korean and early Chosun era, not Chinese as the established theory so far. By further studies following this kind of job, the spirit of our independ medicine should be brought back.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.73-82
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• 2018

Chalbyungyogyul (察病要訣) is a book of Korean Medicine which contains simple knowledges combined with experienced prescriptions. This study intends to introduce a manuscript of Chalbyungyogyul handed down in a family in Yeongwol-gun and analyze the Eui'an (醫案) in it. This book includes common sense in medicinal herbs and 142 cases of Eui'ans. The Eui'ans in Chalbyungyogyul can be divided into three types. Some Eui'ans state miraculous effects. External medical treatments are used in another group of Eui'ans. In the other Eui'ans, prescriptions composed by a single herb are applied. These characteristics are differentiated from those of preexisting Eui'ans in the history of Korean medicine which mainly include complexly prescribed internal medicines and medical discussions. This book vividly describes medical practice in the early 20th century and shows the realization of theoretical writings. Above all, it is a valuable discovery of Eui'an compilation which is rare in the history of Korean medicine.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.25-41
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• 2012

Objective : Neijingshiyifanglun with additions and emendations was written by Liu Yude, a doctor who lived during Ming period. I researched the origin of the book, and analyzed the features of it as well. I also approximated his birth date and death date. In doing this, I gained a better understanding the practice of medicine in ancient China. Method : I researched the book by comparing its contents, including the causes of diseases, the descriptions of symptoms, the transmissions of diseases, and treatments, with other sources that he had referenced. Result : In understanding Hwangdineijing, Liu Yude was influenced by many medical scholars such as, Wang Bing, Ma Shi, and Wu Kun, but his opinion is most similar to that of Zhang Jiebin. In the field of the Chinese Medical Theory, he was deeply influenced by 'JinYuan-Sidaijia's theories, particularly Li Gao and Zhu Zhenheng. In fanglun, he was greatly influenced by Yifangkao. He concluded that 'aggregationaccumulation' was a disease of stuffiness, and suggested its cure in through 'yangjingzezichu' and 'treatment of blood aspect'. He recognized the disease of 'reversal of qi' as the disease of 'jiaoqi'. He also indicated that the word of 'qi' is not 'rough' but 'tears' or 'yingfengliulei'. Conclusion : 1. He was an excellent medical practitioner and scholar in the history of oriental medicine. 2. He found and corrected errors in the opinions of Wang Bing, Ma Shi, and Wu Kun. 3. He frequently practiced Taipinghuiminhejijufang, and considered Spleen-Stomach, yin-blood, and fire-heat important. 4. He captured the spirit of Huangdisuwenxuanminglunfang, Neijingshiyifanglun, Yifangkao in views of remedy and theory. 5. Neijingshiyifanglun with additions and emendations is the most comprehensive book about fanglun because of its thorough analysis of the Hwangdineijing and its connection to the treatment of ancient diseases in Oriental Medical History.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 2014

The purpose of this paper is to report a newly discovered book whose title is Ikkam (翼鑑) and prepare for a full-scale study. The book, Ikkam, has a variety of contexts in which it seems to be written by Park Ji-won. First, 'Sanin' in 'Yeonam-Sanin' is consistent with the behaviors of Yeonam Park Ji-won who lived in hiding in the Yeonam valley in 1777. In addition, many statements written in the introduction, such as "as we stick to the old things, we do not know a makeshift", "we are well versed in changes" and "many soldiers are not always good" remind us of other writings of Park Ji-won. Moreover, he writes the statements using antithesis. It is the force of writing style of a literary person who is not engaged in medical service. In addition, he puts six qi in the introduction, but it is not as sophisticated as Jejungsinpyeon (濟衆新編). It suggests that this book may be published earlier than Jejungsinpyeon. When comparing Ikkam with Euimunbogam (醫門寶鑑) and Jejungsinpyeon, it seems common to place six qi in the introduction at the time. In addition, through this book, we find that Park Ji-won known as a writer of Geumryosocho (金蓼小抄) has fairly much knowledge in the medicine. We can estimate his passion and depth about the medicine through a longing for a new medical book shown in the introduction of Geumryosocho. However, various approaches to similar disease symptoms shown in the introduction help us to recognize his true qualities in the medicine. In addition, like other experience prescriptions, this book excludes prescriptions using medicinal herbs with toxicity or rare medicinal herbs in the situation with a limited supply of them in remote areas but includes prescriptions which are widely used. It shows that experience prescriptions in the Joseon Dynasty are effective to specifically identify medicinal herbs and prescriptions which are widely used in Korea. These values cannot be compensated by Donguibogam (東醫寶鑑) which has an infinite value.