• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.298-310
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• 1976

A clinical analysis was performed on 118 cases of the benign esophageal diseases experienced at Department of Thoracic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital during 20 year period from 1957 to 1976. Of 118 cases of the benign esophageal diseases, there were 84 patients of esophagenal stenosis, 14 of esophageal perforation, 8 of esophageal atresia, 7 of achalasia, 2 of hiatal hernia, 2 of esophageal foreign body and one of esophageal diverticulum. Fifty-one patients were male and sixty-seven were female, and ages ranged from one day to sixty-four years with peak incidence in the age group of 20 to 29 years. All but one of the esophageal stenosis were caused by corrosive esophagitis and ages ranged from three to sixty-four years with peak incidence in third decade. Main symptoms of the esophageal stenosis were dysphagia, weight loss and chest pain in order and mostly began between one month and one year after ingestion of corrosive agents. Corrosive esophageal stenosis developed most frequently in middle one-third of the esophagus and about one-forth of them were diffuse. Operations were performed on 72 patients of esophageal stenosis of whom 26 patients had esophagocologastrostomy, 21 gastrostomy, 20 esophagogastrostomy, 4 esophagojejunogastrostomy and 2 pharyngogastrostomy. There were 5 deaths in the postoperative period, an operative mortality of 6.9 percent, and 20 patients had one or two complications; eight were anastomotic leaks, 6 gangrenes of replaced loop, 4 wound abscesses and others. The causes of the esophageal perforation were traumatic in 7 cases, caustics in 4 and spontaneous in 3, and the most frequent site of the perforation was lower one-third of the esophagus. Frequent symptoms of the esophageal perforation were pain, fever, dysphagia and dyspnea, and preoperatively there were mediastinitis in 8 cases, empyema in 7, lung abscess in 3 and others. All 14 patients of the esophageal perforation underwent operation: primary closure in 7 cases, drainage in 4, esophagogastrostomy in 2 and 'esophageal diversion in one. There were 4 postoperative deaths and 11 postoperative complications occurred in 7 patients. The duration of symptoms in achalasia was between 3 months and 25 years, with an average duration of 6. 2 years. Frequent symptoms of the achlasia esophagi were dysphagia, regurgitation, pain and weight loss in order. All 7 patients of achlasia underwent modified Heller's operation where 2 patients had complications, restenosis in one and esophageal perforation in another. All 8 patients of congenital esophageal atresia had distal tracheoesophageal fistula and were admitted within 5 days of life, but there were pneumonic consolidation on chest X-ray in patients. Five patients underwent one staged operation with the result of 2 deaths and one anastomotic leak.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.562-570
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• 2008

Most purulent maxillofacial infections are of odontogenic origin. Treatment of infection includes the surgical intervention, such as incision and drainage, and adjunctive treatment. The use of high-dose antibiotics is also indicated. The choice of an antibiotics should be based on the knowledge of the usual causative microbes and the results of antibacterial sensitivity test. We have undertaken clinical studies on 119 patients in Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Inha University Hospital from January 2000 to December 2007. Many anaerobic microbes are killed quickly when exposed to oxygen. Thus the needle aspiration techniques and the transfer under inert gas were used when culturing. The aim of this study was to obtain informations for the bacteriologic features and the effective antimicrobial therapy against maxillofaical odontogenic infections. The obtained results were as follows: 1. The most frequent causes of infections were odontogenic (88.3%), and in odontogenic cause, pulpal infections were the most common causes(53.8%). 2. The buccal and submandibular spaces (respectively 23.5%) were the most frequent involved fascial spaces, followed by masticator spaces (14.3%). 3. The most common underlying medical problems were diabetes (17.6%), however the relation with prognosis was not discovered. 4. The complications were the expiry, mediastinitis, necrotizing fasciitis, orbital abscess, and osteomyelitis. 5. The most common admission periods were 1-2 weeks, and the most patients were discharged within 3 weeks. However, patients who admitted over 5 weeks were about 10%. 6. A total of 99 bacterial strains (1.1 strains per abscess) was isolated from 93 patients (78.2%). The most common bacterium isolated was Streptococcus viridans (46.2%), followed by $\beta$-hemolytic group streptococcus (10.1%). 7. Penicillins (penicillin G 58.3%, oxacillin 80.0%, ampicillin 80.0%) have slightly lower sensitivity. Thus we recommend the antibiotics, such as glycopeptides (teicoplanin 100%, vancomycin 100%) and quinolones (ciprofloxacin 90.0%) which have high susceptibility in cases in which peni cillin therapy failed or severe infections.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.420-426
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• 1996

본원 흉부외과에서는 1959년부터 1982년까지 24년간 부식성 식도헙 착증에 대한 344 수술례를 보고한 바 있으며,저자등은 1983년 1월부터 1995년 2월까지 69례의 부식성 식도협착증환자에서 결장을이용 한 식도재건술을 시 행하였다. 이중 냠자는 32명, 여자는 37명이 었으며 연령은 4세에서 65세까지 분포하 였으며 평균 연령은 36.4세 였다. 부식제의 종류로는 산성이 37례 (53.7%), 알칼리성 이 31례 (44.9%)였다. 3례 34.3%)에서 암이 합병하여 개홍술을 통한 식도절제술을 동시에 실시하였고 나머지 66례 에서는 식도 절제술을 시 행하지 않고 흥골하 식도 결장 위 고정술을 시행하였다. 64례에서 말단 회장부를 포함한 우 측결장을 순연동운동 방향으로 연결하였고 5례 에서 좌측결장을 이 용하였고 이중 2례는 순연동식, 3례 는 역 연동식으로 연결하였다. 문합부 누출이 가장 흔한 합병증(10례, 14.4%)이 었고 이중 8례 (11.6%)가 경부, 2례 (2.9%)가 회장-결장 문합부에서 있었다 수술 사망율은 2.9% (2례)였고, 사망원인은 패혈증과 종격동염이었다. 생존한 67명에 대하여 6개월에서 12년(평균2.5년)에 걸친 추적 결과 88.1%(59례)에서 정상 식 이가 가능 臼눗\ulcorner7.5% (5례)에서 중등도의 연하 곤란을 보였으며 4.5% (3례)는 입을 통한 식 이 섭 취가 불가능하였다. 결장을 이용한 식도 재건술은 이환율과 사망율이 적정한 만족스러운 술식이며 우 측결장은 지속적이고 기능적 인 대용식도이다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.253-257
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• 2014

Background Although the utility of flaps for the treatment of sternal wound infections following median sternotomy has been reported for 30 years, there have been few reports on the risk factors for complications after reconstruction. The objective of this investigation was to identify factors related to complications after the reconstruction of sternal wound infections. Methods A retrospective analysis of 74 patients with reconstructive surgery after sternal wound infection over a 5-year period was performed. Clinical data including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), comorbidities, bacterial culture, previous cardiac surgery, wound depth, mortality rate, type of reconstructive procedure, and complication rate were collected. Results The patients' BMI ranged from 15.2 to $33.6kg/m^2$ (mean, $23.1{\pm}3.74kg/m^2$). Wound closure complications after reconstructive surgery were observed in 36.5% of the cases. The mortality rate was 2.7%. Diabetes mellitus significantly affected the rate of wound closure complications (P=0.041). A significant difference in the number of complications was seen between Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and coagulase-negative Staphylococci (P=0.011). There was a correlation between harvesting of the internal thoracic artery and postoperative complications (P=0.048). The complication rates of the pectoralis major flap, rectus abdominis flap, omentum flap, a combination of pectoralis major flap and rectus abdominis flap, and direct closure were 23.3%, 33.3%, 100%, 37.5%, and 35.7%, respectively. Conclusions Diabetes mellitus, S. aureus, harvesting of the internal thoracic artery, and omentum flap were significant factors for complications after reconstruction. The omentum flap volume may be related to the complications associated with the omentum flap transfer in the present study.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.146-153
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• 2004

관상동맥우회술의 경험이 축적됨에 따라 관상동맥우회술의 재수술은 증가하는 추세이나 아직까지 국내 보고는 미흡한 수준이다. 저자들은 관상동맥 재수술의 사망률, 유병률 등의 임상경험을 정리하고 분석하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1994년 1월부터 2002년 12월까지 관상동맥우회술의 재수술을 시행 받은 14명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 최초 수술 후 재수술까지의 기간은 평균 66$\pm$56 (3∼157)개월이었고 재수술 시 평균연령은 62.8$\pm$8.7 (51∼78)세였다. 2003년 6월 30일을 추적관찰 종료시점으로 하여 평균추적관찰 기간은 43$\pm$29 (8∼105)개월이었다. 재수술의 적응증은 이식편의 협착 또는 완전폐쇄가 11예(78.6%), 관상동맥질환의 진행이 1예, 그리고 두 가지 병리가 혼재한 경우가 2예였다. 결과: 입원기간 중 사망은 2예(14.3%)가 발생하였고 사망원인은 저심박출증이었다. 술 후 합병증은 총 7명(50.0%)의 환자에서 8예가 발생하였는데, 수술 전후 심근경색이 2예(14.3%), 종격동염이 1예(7.2%), 십이지장 궤양천공 1예, 허혈성 하지괴사 1예, 장간막경색에 따른 위장관 천공 1예, 지연 뇌경색 1예, 비장출혈 1예 등이었다. 조기사망 2예를 제외한 12명의 환자를 추적 관찰한 결과 만기사망은 1예가 발생하였고 추적관찰 종료시점에서 협심증을 호소하는 환자는 없었으며 모든 환자가 Canadian협심증분류 1급 또는 2급의 양호한 경과를 보였다. 결론: 관상동맥 재수술은 비교적 높은 유병률과 사망률을 보였으나 퇴원 후 환자상태는 양호하였으며 향후 경험의 축적과 노력이 요망된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.265-271
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• 2015

Background: Stainless steel wiring remains the most popular technique for primary sternal closure. Recently, a multifilament cable wiring system (Pioneer Surgical Technology Inc., Marquette, MI, USA) was introduced for sternal closure and has gained wide acceptance due to its superior resistance to tension. We aimed to compare conventional steel wiring to multifilament cable fixation for sternal closure in patients undergoing major cardiac surgery. Methods: Data were collected retrospectively on 1,354 patients who underwent sternal closure after major cardiac surgery, using either the multifilament cable wiring system or conventional steel wires between January 2009 and October 2010. The surgical outcomes of these two groups of patients were compared using propensity score matching based on 18 baseline patient characteristics. Results: Propensity score matching yielded 392 pairs of patients in the two groups whose baseline profiles showed no significant differences. No significant differences between the two groups were observed in the rates of early mortality (2.0% vs. 1.3%, p=0.578), major wound complications requiring reconstruction (1.3% vs. 1.3%, p>0.99), minor wound complications (3.6% vs. 2.0%, p=0.279), or mediastinitis (0.8% vs. 1.0%, p=1.00). Patients in the multifilament cable group had fewer sternal bleeding events than those in the conventional wire group, but this tendency was not statistically significant (4.3% vs. 7.4%, p=0.068). Conclusion: The surgical outcomes of sternal closure using multifilament cable wires were comparable to those observed when conventional steel wires were used. Therefore, the multifilament cable wiring system may be considered a viable option for sternal closure in patients undergoing major cardiac surgery.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.189-194
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• 2012

40세 남성에서 상대정맥의 폐쇄와 우폐동맥 협착을 동반한 종격동 종괴가 발견되어 병리학적 소견에 경화성 종격동염으로 진단되었고, 6개월 후 심장 자기공명영상(MRI)에서 비허혈성 심근병증으로 의심된 심장림프종의 예를 보고하고자 한다. 심장 초음파에서 제한적 양상의 심장 생리현상을 보였고 구혈율이 매우 감소되어 있었다. MRI에서 전반적인 심근비대와 조영제 주입 후 광범위한 지연조영증강이 있어 비허혈성 심근병증이 의심되었으며 심장근육 생검 후 림프종으로 확진되었다. 조영제 주입후 MRI에서 심근 기저부는 침범되지 않았고 전반적인 심내막 보존이 있었으므로 아밀로이드증과 구별되는 양상이고 종괴를 형성하지 않았기 때문에 심장종양 보다는 심근병증에 더 유사한 영상 소견을 보인 특이한 증례로서 심장림프종의 자기공명영상에서의 특징을 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하고자 한다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2006

배경: 식도천공은 즉시 진단되어 치료하지 않으면 높은 이병률과 사망률을 보인다. 수술 방법의 진보에도 불구하고 식도천공의 치료의 시기와 방법은 아직 논쟁의 여지가 많은 상태이다. 대상 및 방법: 1990년 1월에서 2004년 6월까지 계명대학교 동산의료원에서 식도 천공을 진단받은 38명의 환자에서 차트를 이용하여 후향적 조사를 하였다. 결과: 환자는 남자가 28명, 여자가 10명이었고 평균 연령은 43.84$\pm$18.89세($1{\~}73$세)였다. 천공은 경부에서 8예, 흉부가 28예 그리고 복부가 1예 발생하였고 자연성 식도 천공이 $34\%$, 의인성이 $32\%$ 그리고 외상성이 $34\%$로 조사되었다. 치료는 경부식도 천공에서는 일차봉합 6예, 배농만 시행한 경우가 2예였으며, 흥부식도 천공에서는 일차봉합 14예, 식도 절제술 3예 그리고 보존적 치료가 12예였다. 사망률은 경부 식도 파열이 $25\%$, 흉부식도 파열이 $34\%$였다. 환자의 생존에 유의한 위험인자는 술 전의 패혈증 여부로 나타났다. 결론: 식도파열에서 가장 중요한 위험인자가 술 전의 패혈증 상태로 나타났다 술 전에 상태를 호전시킬 수 있는 적극적인 치료가 예후를 향상시킬 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.45-56
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• 1972

Esophageal perforation is one of the most grave prognostic problems among thoracic and general surgical emergencies which necessitate urgent operative measures. In Korea,there are still many persons ingesting lye for suicidal attempt and thoracic surgeons in Korea have more chances to deal with lye burned esophagus with or without instrumental perforation than those in Western countries. Main cause of esophageal perforation in Korea is instrumental perforation in patients with lye stricture of the esophagus during diagnostic endoscopy or therapeutic bouginage. Other causes are corrosion of the esophagus due to ingestion of caustic agents, pathologic perforation, surgical trauma, stab wound and spontaneous rupture of the esophagus in our series. Therapeutic measures are various,and depend on duration of perforation, severity of its complications, pathology of perforated portion of the esophagus and degrees of inflammation at the point of perforation. The most important therapeutic measures are prevention of this grave condition during esophagoscopy, bouginage and surgical procedures on lungs and mediastinal structures and to make early diagnosis with prompt therapeutic measures. During the period of January, 1959, to December, 1971, the authors experienced 65 cases ofesophageal perforation including acquired esophagorespiratory fistula at Dept. of Chest Surgery, the National Medical Center in Seoul, and obtained following results in the series. 1. Female were 35 cases, and peak age incidence was 2nd and 3rd decades of life. 2. Among 65 cases, 43 were corrosive esophagitis or benign stricture of the esophagus due to caustic agents, 7 were patients with esophageal cancer. and there were 5 cases of esophageal perforation developed after pneumonectomy or pleuropneumonectomy. 3. Causes of perforation are instrumental perforation in 45, acute corrosion in 7, pathologic perforation in 7, surgical trauma in 3, stab wound in 2 cases, and one spontaneous rupture of the esophagus. 4. Most frequent sites of esophageal perforation were upper and mid thoracic esophagus, and 8 were cases with cervical esophageal perforation. 5. Complications of esophageal perforation were mediastinitis in 42, empyema or pneumothorax in 35, esophagorespiratory fistula in 12, retroperitoneal fistula or abscess in 5,pneumoperitoneum in 3, and localized peritonitis in 1 case. 6. Cases with malignant esophagorespiratory fistula were only 3 in the series which is predominant cause of acquired esophagorespiratory fistula in Western countries. 7. Various therapeutic measures were applied with mortality rate of 27.7% in the series. 8. In usual cases early treatment gave better prognosis, and least mortality rate in cases with perforation in mid thoracic esophagus. 9. Main causes of death were respiratory complications,acute hemorrhage with asphyxia, and septic complications. 10. Esophageal perforation developed after pneumonectomy gave more difficult therapeutic problems which were solved in only 1 among 5 cases.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.40-45
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• 1998

종격동은 기관, 식도, 심장 및 주요혈관 등 주장기와 조직으로 이루어진 곳으로 다양한 병변이 발생하며, 종격동 질환의 진단과 치료에서 외과적 접근방법은 중요한 부분을 차지해왔다. 최근 흉강경수술 개발은 종격동질환 진단 및 치료에서 새로운 효과적인 수기로 평가받고있다. 고려대학교 안암병원 흉부외과에서는 1992년 3월부터 1997년 4월까지 종격동의 병변에 33명의 환자에서 비디오 흉강경술을 시행하였다. 환자는 남자가 16명 여자가 17명이었으며 연령은 14세부터 69세였고 평균 42세였다. 대상이된 종격동 질환의 해부학적 위치는 전종격동 14례, 중종격동 5례, 후종격동 11례, 상종격동 3례였다. 종격동 질환은 신경초종 9례, 낭성기형종이 5례, 심막 낭종 4례, 신경절신경종 2례,흉선 2례, 흉선낭종 2례, 흉선종 1례, 식도평활근종 2례, 유피종 1례, 지방종 1례, 악성 림프종 1례, 기관지 원성 낭종 1례, 심막 삼출 1례, Boerhaave's병 1례였다. 수술중 작업 창이 필요했던 경우가 6례였다. 개흉수술로 전환한 경우는 6례(24%)로 종양이 커서 개흉수술 전환이 필요했던 경우가 1례, 심한유착으로 인한 개흉수술 전환이 3례, 흉강경으로 접근이 어려웠던 경우가 2례있었다. 평균 수술 시간은 116분($\pm$56분)이었다. 수술후 흉강 드레인 거치기간은 평균 4.7일이었다. 수술후 평균 입원일수는 8.7일이었다. 종격동 각부위의 종양 및 염증성 질환의 진단과 치료에 비디오 흉강경의 적용이 가능하였으며, 비디오 흉강경을 이용한 종격동 종양 절제술은 안전성, 수술후 통증경감 및 빠른회복 등의 장점이 있는 것으로 나타났다.