• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.847-850
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• 2000

Isolated bronchogenic cysts of the diaphragm are rare abnormalities. They are usually asymptomatic unless secondarily infected or large enough to cause compression of vital structures. The patient was a 31-year-old man and had no symptoms except mild postprandial epigastric discomfort. The chest X-ray and chest C-T examination revealed a mediastinal mass at the left cardio-vertebro-phrenic angle. We performed the operation under the impression of solid mass at mediastinum. We revealed that the mass was bronchogenic cyst in diaphragm. Therefore we report this case with review of literatures.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.632-638
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• 1996

A retrospective analysis of primary mediastinal tumors and cysts was performed on 42 patients who underwent surgical resection at our institution from january, 1985 to December, 1995. The patients consisted of 27 males and 15 females. The mean age was 40 years with a range of 10 month to 76 years. The patients were composed of thymlc tumor 12 cases (28.6 %), germ cell tumor 8 cases (19.0 %), primary cyst 7 cases (16.7 %), neurogenic tumor 6 cases (14.3 %) and other miscellanious tumor 9 cases. Overall, 3) (78.6 %) of the tumors were histologically benign, and 9 (21.4 %) were malig- nant. The noted clinical manifestations were respiratory symptoms such as chest pain, dyspnea and coughing. All of the patients with malignancy and 55 oyo of the patients with benign tumor were symptomatic on presentation. All of the patients were operated for tis ue diagnosis and curative resection. All the benign tumors ex- cept two cases of sarcoidosis were performed adequate curative resection. A few patients with malignant unresectable tumors were treated with chemotherapy or radiotherapy There were 7 (18 %) postoperative complications without mortality. In conclusion, Mediastinal tumors have long fascinated the thoracic surgeon because of their variety and unpredictability of diagnosis prior to exploration. We consider that active surgery and various combined modality can be accomplished with satisfactory result.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.66 no.2
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• pp.136-140
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• 2009

Bronchogenic cyst arises from anomalous budding of the primitive foregut during embryonic development and it represents a part of the spectrum of bronchopulmonary foregut malformations. Approximately two-thirds of the malformations are found within the mediastinum, and one-third are found in the lung parenchyma. The prevalence of bronchogenic cyst is unknown, presumably because most patients are asymptomatic. Incidentally detected bronchogenic cysts are usually removed at the time of diagnosis. We do not know how and why bronchogenic cysts grow. We recently experienced a case of rapidly growing mediastinal mass in a young adult, and this presented as a huge mass that had newly developed within one year. This mass was pathologically confirmed to be a bronchogenic cyst. We report on this case of a rapidly growing bronchogenic cyst, which is a rare characteristic of this type of cyst.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.6 s.275
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• pp.459-462
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• 2007

Pericardial cysts are uncommon benign congenital mediastinal lesions and they are most often found in either cardiophrenic angle. We present here one case of atypically located pericardial cyst that was located in the sub-pulmonary region. The clinicians should take into consideration this entity in the differential diagnosis of cystic lesion of the mediastinum. The diagnostic difficulties that are encountered and the utility of video-assisted thoracoscopy are described.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.79-90
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• 1989

Computerized Tomography is now well established and important noninvasive method of diagnosting mediastinal mass lesions because of its superior imaging of their size, location and internal composition. Authors ana lysed and present CT findings of 30 surgically proven mediastinal tumors and cysts that were studied and treated at the Yeungnam University Hospital during recent 6 years. The most common tumor was thymona(9 cases), and teratoma(6 cases), lymphoma(6 cases), bronchogenic cyst(4 cases), neurogenic tumor (4 cases), pericardial cyst(1 case) were next in order of frequency. There were 5 cases of thymoma showing homogenous solid density mass, 2 cases were malignant thymoma and myasthenia gravis was present in 2 cases. A case of thymolipoma and a case of thymic carcinoma were included. All teratomas were cystic masses but pathognomic fat, and calcified density were seen only in 4 cases. 5 cases were located in anterior mediastinum and 1 case was in posterior mediastinum. Lymphoma(3 Hodgkin's and 3 non-Hodgkin's) appeared as irregular lobulated mass in anterior mediastinum. Neurogenic tumor(2 ganglioneuroma and 2 neurilemmoma) appeared as homogenous density mass located in posterior mediastinum. Among the 4 bronchogenic cysts, 2 were located in retrotracheal area, 1 was located in subcarinal and 1 was in parathoracic area. One case of pericardial cyst was oval shaped cystic mass located in left pericardiac border.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.1017-1021
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• 1998

Mesothelial cysts have many other names, such as pericardial celomic cyst, pleura- diaphragmatic cyst, simple cyst of the mediastinum, springwater cyst, serosal cyst, etc. (Petereit 1972, Drash 1950). Most mesothelial cysts are believed to originate from malformations of the pericardium, but some, like the one in this case, are believed to result from a pleural malformation. (Ochsner 1966, Lambert 1940). Mesothelial cysts are extremely rare and can be confirmed histologically by special stains. A 64 year old woman was admitted due to a painless bulging mass in her right neck. The operation was performed with the initial diagnosis of cystic lymphangioma confirmed by computer tomography and total excision was possible. The diagnosis of mesothelial cyst of the mediastinum was confirmed by histologic examinations (stainings) and the patient was discharged from the hospital without any significant complications.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.708-712
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• 1997

We report on nine years experience of surgical treatment of mediastinal tumors in 47 patients. Their ages ranged from 5 o 67 years with an average of 36.4 years and the sex ratio of male and female was 1:1.5. The most frequent symptom was chest pain(27.7%), followed by ptosis(14.9%), general weatuless(12.8%) and eight patients(17.0%) were asymptomatic. The most prevalent location of the tumor was anterosuperior mediastinum(63.8%). Pathologically, thymoma(32.9%) was the most common tumor, followed by cyst(21.3%), neurogenic tumor(17.0%), germ cell tumor(12.8%), and mesenchymal tumor(6.4%). Complete removal was achieved in 41 cases of all benign tumors and 3 cases of malignant tumors. All the malignant tumor patients were treated with chemotherapy, radiotherapy or both after surgery. Postoperative complications developed in 4 cases and there was no operative death.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.40-45
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• 1998

Recently, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for mediastinal lesions has been considered a new effective therapeutic method. From March, 1992 to April, 1997, 33 cases of video assisted thoracoscopic surgery for mediastinal lesions were performed. Gender distribution was 16 males and 17 females. Average age was 42 years old(ranged from 14 to 69). The locations of lesions were anterior mediastinum in 14 cases, middle mediastinum in 5 cases, posterior mediastinum in 11 cases, and superior mediastinum in 3 cases. These included 9 neurilemmomas, 5 benign cystic teratoma, 4 pericardial cysts, 2 ganglioneuroma, 2 thymus, 2 thymic cyst, 1 thymoma, 2 esophageal leiomyomas, 1 dermoid cyst, 1 lipoma, 1 malignant lymphoma, 1 bronchogenic cyst, 1 pericardial effusion, and 1 Boerhaave's disease with empyema. Working window was needed in 6 cases. We converted to open thoracotomy in 6 cases. Reasons of convertion to open thoracotomy were large sized mass(1), severe adhesion(3), and difficult location to approach(2). The average operation time was 116min($\pm$56 min). The average chest tube drainage time was 4.7days. The average hospital stay was 8.7 days. Operative complications were atelectasis(2), empyema with mediastinitis(1), recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy(1), and plenic nerve palsy(1). In conclusion, VATS for mediastinal lesions were performed with shorter operation time and hospital stay, and lesser complications and pain than those of conventional thoracotomy.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.128-134
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• 1991

This report is an analysis of 60 cases of primary mediastinal tumors and cysts which were experienced in chonbuk National University Hospital, Wonkwang University Hospital and Chonju Presbyterian Medical Center from january 1985 to October 1990. The result was summarized like this; 1) Age distribution was various from ages of 5 to 75 years. There were 26 males and 34 females, sex ratio of patients was 1: 1.3 (M:F). 2) The most common chief compliant was dyspnea (21 cases, 35%) and followed by chest pain, coughing and chest discomfort. 17 patients (28%) were asymptomatic. 3) The most common primary mediastinal tumor was thymoma, which comprise 28% (17 cases) of all our cases and followed by neruogenic tumor (14 cases, 23%) and germ cell tumor (11 cases, 18%). 4) The incidence of malignancy of all case was 22%; 2 cases were asymptomatic and the most common malignancy was malignant lympoma (5 cases, 38.5%). 5) The anterior mediastinum was the most common tumor location and followed by posterior and middle mediastinum. Anterior mediastinal tumors mainly consisted of thymomas and germ cell tumors and posterioc mediastinal tumors mainly did neurogenic tumors. 6) Of 60 cases, 21 cases were confirmed histopathologically by percutaneous transthoracic needle lung biopsy. 7) Of 60 cases, 40 cases were received radical tumor resection.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.585-590
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• 2004

Bronchogenic cyst is a rare and benign disease. Because of its complication or associated disease, Bronchogenic cyst requires surgical treatment. Recently, with the development of diagnostic methods, its incidence has increased. So we reviewed our results from the past 30 years. Material and Method: We reviewed 27 cases surgically treated from March 1971 to March 2003. This investigation is designed to illustrate the peak age incidence, sex ratio, symptoms, anatomic location, radiologic imagings, associated diseases, operative methods, postoperative pathologic findings and postoperative complications. Result: The peak age incidence laid in the 1st to 3rd decade and the ratio of male and female was 1 : 1.5. The most common complaints were cough and dyspnea, but some had hemoptysis. There were 22 cases (81%) of Intrapulmonary bronchogenic cysts and 5 cases(19%) of mediastinal bronchogenic cysts. Thirteen cases (48.1%) showed cystic lesion in simple chest X-ray. Ten cases showed cystic lesion among 13 cases that had taken computed tomography. We found associated disease in 15cases (56%). The inflammatory diseases from infection were many in intrapulmonary bronchogenic cysts and especially, one case showed carcinosarcoma. Mitral regurgitation and Bronchial obstruction could be seen in mediastinal bronchogenic cysts. The 13 cases (48%) were managed by lobectomy, and cystectomy, pneumonectomy, and segemental resection were done in 7 cases (26%), 4 cases (15%), 3 cases (11%) respectively. Cystic contents were mucus in 9 cases, pus in 9 cases, blood in 2 cases, and carcinosarcoma in 1 case. Bronchotracheal communications were in 13 cases (48%). Five cases showed Postoperative complications, which were pneumothorax, empyema, bleeding. Postoperative death could not be found. Conclusion: Almost all patients had clinical symptoms. Severe complications could be associated with bronchogenic cysts. Recently, With the development of diagnostic methods, preoperatively accurate diagnosis is possible; therefore, invasive study has decreased. Bronchogenic cyst is a benign disease. However, because of its clinical symptoms, complications, and possibility of malignant change, immediate surgical treatment is needed.