• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2020

본 논문에서는 타이어의 물리적인 요소 중 하나인 압력정보를 이용해서 자동차의 하중 표출이 가능한 타이어 공기압 측정 기술을 사용한 차량의 적재중량 측정시스템 설계 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 기법은 하중 및 진동에 의한 노이즈 보정, 기체유량 보정, 데이터 믹서, 중량 환산 등의 4가지 과정으로 구성된다. 하중 및 진동에 의한 노이즈 보정에서는 외부충격 및 차량이 주행 중 발생하는 진동 등에 의해 타이어의 내부 압력이 상승하는 노이즈를 제거한다. 기체유량 보정 과정에서는 하중 및 진동에 의한 노이즈 보정 과정을 거친 데이터에 대하여 지면의 온도상승에 의해 타이어의 내부 압력이 상승하는 노이즈를 제거한다. 데이터 믹서 과정에서는 화물적재 시 타이어에 수직으로 전달이 되어 타이어의 압력변화에 따른 공차, 중차, 만차에 대한 하중과 압력 등을 분류하게 된다. 중량 환산 과정에서는 하중 및 진동에 의한 노이즈 보정 및 기체유량 보정을 거친 데이터를 사용하여 중량 환산 알고리즘을 통해 중량으로 표출된다. 중량 환산 알고리즘은 하중과 압력변화에 대한 선형 함수의 기울기인 중량 환산 Factor를 구하여 중량을 환산한다. 본 논문에서 제안된 타이어 공기압 측정 기술을 사용한 차량의 적재중량 측정 시스템의 정밀도를 평가하기 위해 자체적으로 테스트 베드를 구축하여 평가하였다. 하중 및 진동에 의한 노이즈 보정 결과와 기체 유량 데이터 보정 결과는 신뢰성 있는 결과를 나타내었다. 또한 중량 정밀도 반복 실험도 국내 업체 기준치인 90% 보다 우수한 중량 정밀도를 나타내었다.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.97-103
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• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 앉은 자세에서 골반의 앞방향경사와 뒷방향경사에 따른 스마트폰의 사용이 목세움근과 위등세모근의 근활성도를 알아보고 IoT 디바이스 개발에 필요한 기초자료를 얻고자 하였다. 건강한 20-30대 성인남녀 15명을 대상으로 앉은 자세에서 골반앞방향경사와 골반뒷방향경사를 중재한 뒤 5분간 스마트폰을 사용하여 근전도 신호를 측정하고 중앙 3분의 근전도 신호를 사용하였다. 연구결과 앉은 자세에서 골반앞방향경사의 스마트폰 사용이 골반뒤방향경사와 비교하여 양측 목세움근(p<.001), 왼쪽 위등세모근(p<.001), 오른쪽 위등세모근(p<.002)의 %RVC 값이 유의하게 낮았다. 이는 골반의 앞방향경사를 통한 앉은 자세가 척추의 정상적인 만곡을 유지하여 스마트폰 사용 시 발생하게 되는 전방머리자세를 방지하여 목과 어깨 주변의 부하를 감소시켜 %RVC 값이 유의하게 낮았다고 사료되며 향후 골반경사에 중점을 둔 새로운 자세교정 IoT 디바이스들이 개발되어야할 것이다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.397-402
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• 2007

To evaluate the bioequivalence of two venlafaxine formulations, a standard 2-way randomized cross-over study was conducted in twenty-four healthy male Korean volunteers. A single oral dose of 75 mg of test formulation Venfaxine $OR^{(R)}$ (tablet) or reference formulation Efexor $XR^{(R)}$ (capsule) was administered with one-week washout period. Plasma concentrations of venlafaxine were assayed for over a period of 72 hours with a well validated method using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). The $mean{\pm}S.D$. of maximum concentration $(C_{max})$ and elimination half-life $(t_{1/2})$ were $64.7{\pm}28.5$ ng/mL, $9.2{\pm}3.0$ h, and $67.2{\pm}30.2$ ng/mL, $9.9{\pm}3.5$ h for test and reference formulations, respectively. Time to reach maximum concentration $(T_{max})$ expressed in median value (range), for the test and the reference, were 10 h (6-14) and 8h (4-12), respectively. Similarly, area under the plasma concentration-time curve, from time zero to last sampling time $(AUC_t)$ and from time zero to time infinity $(AUC_{inf})$, for test and reference formulations were $1185{\pm}755$, $1326{\pm}896$ and $1124{\pm}737$, $1185{\pm}755$ $ng{\cdot}h/mL$, respectively. The parametric 90% confidence intervals on the mean of the differences between the two formulations (test-reference) of the log transformed values of $AUC_t$, and $C_{max}$ were 0.9630 to 1.1383 and 0.8650 to 1.0446, respectively. The overall results indicate that the two formulations are bioequivalent and can be prescribe interchangeably.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.393-397
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• 1998

25세된 말기 심부전 환자에게 한국에서는 최초로 광배근을 이용한 심근 성형술이 성공적으로 실시되었다. 환자는 약 심근수축력이 30%인 상태로 94년과 96년에 한차례씩 심부전으로 입원한 적이 있으며 수술직전 임상상태는 NYHA functional class III 였다. 간조직 검사상 만성 활동성 간염으로 판명되었으며 환자는 간염 항원이 양성으로 심장이식대상에서 제외되었다. 1996년 7월 30일 좌측 광배근을 이용하여 심근 성형술을 실시하였다. 측와위로 광배근을 박리한후 자극전극을 설치하였으며 흉골 정중 절개로 심장을 노출한 후 광배근으로 심장을 감싸주고 심근 전극을 설치한 후 좌상부 복부에 심장근육자극기를 설치하였다. 총 수술시간은 약 7시간 30분이 소요되었으며 환자는 수술후 일시적인 심방 조동(atrial flutter)을 보여 심도자실에서 동율동으로 환원시킨 것외에는 특별한 합병증은 없었다. 환자는 수술후 6주째 자극기의 빈도가 1:4인 상태에서 퇴원하였으며 통원치료중 1:1로 근육훈련을 마친 후 현재는 수술후 6개월째 자극빈도가 1:4인 상태에서 외래 추적중이다. 심초음파상 수축력의 차이는 없으나 환자의 임상 활동은 수술전보다 양호해진 상태이다.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.554-563
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• 2015

본 연구는 확률적 모수를 고려한 음이항 모형을 이용하여 지방부 신호교차로에서 발생한 교통사고에 대한 모형을 개발하는데 목적이 있다. 교통사고 모형개발에 사용되는 기존의 가산모형(대표적으로 포아송/음이항모형)의 단점은 시간적 변화 혹은 각 지점/구간이 가진 고유한 특성에 대한 변화를 통합하여 설명하지 못한다는 것이다. 이로 인해, 추정되는 계수의 표준오차가 과소추정되어 결과적으로 모형 전체의 신뢰성을 하락시킨다. 이러한 문제점을 개선하기 위하여 이 연구에서는 각 대상 지점/구간의 이질성을 고려 할 수 있는 random parameter를 적용하여 기존 가산모형의 한계점을 개선하였다. 분석결과 교통량의 증가와 는 부도로의 보행자 시설들은 사고발생 증가에 영향을 미치고, 좌회전 전용차로 및 중앙분리대는 교통사고 감소에 효과가 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구결과를 토대로 본 연구에서는 random parameter를 적용한 모형개발방법이 효과적임을 확인할 수 있었다. 하지만 본 연구에서는 기하구조의 변경 관련 자료의 부재로, 이들에 대한 영향까지는 확인하지 못한 한계가 있다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.135-144
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• 2007

The removal efficiency of the heavy metals Zn, Pb and Cd by the zoosporic fungal species Saprolegnia delica and the terrestrial fungus Trichoderma viride, isolated from polluted water drainages in the Delta of Nile in Egypt, as affected by various ranges of pH values and different temperature degrees, was extensively investigated. The maximum removal efficiency of S. delica for Zn(II) and Cd(II) was obtained at pH 8 and for Pb(II) was at pH 6 whilst the removal efficiency of T. viride was found to be optimum at pH 6 for the three applied heavy metals. Regardless the median lethal doses of the three heavy metals, Zn recorded the highest bioaccumulation potency by S. delica at all pH values except at pH 4, followed by Pb whereas Cd showed the lowest removal potency by the fungal species and vice versa in case of T. viride. The optimum bio-mass dry weight production by S. delica was found when the fungus was grown in the medium treated with the heavy metal Pb at pH 6, followed by Zn at pH 8 and Cd at pH 8. The optimum biomass dry weight yield by T. viride amended with Zn, Pb and Cd was obtained at pH 6 for the three heavy metals with the maximum value at Zn. The highest yield of biomass dry weight was found when T. viride treated with Cd at all different pH values followed by Pb whilst Zn output was the lowest and this result was reversed in case of S. delica. The maximum removal efficiency and the biomass dry weight production for the three tested heavy metals was obtained at the incubation temperature $20^{\circ}C$ in case of S. delica while it was $25^{\circ}C$ for T. viride. Incubation of T. viride at higher temperatures ($30^{\circ}C\;and\;35^{\circ}C$) enhanced the removal efficiency of Pb and Cd than low temperatures ($15^{\circ}C\;and\;20^{\circ}C$) and vice versa in case of Zn removal. At all tested incubation temperatures, the maximum yield of biomass dry weight was attained at Zn treatment by the two tested fungal species. The bioaccumulation potency of S. delica for Zn was higher than that for Pb at all temperature degrees of incubation and Cd bioaccumulation was the lowest whereas T. viride showed the highest removal efficiency for Pb followed by Cd and Zn was the minor of the heavy metals.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.100-106
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• 2012

Objectives: Diazinon is an insecticide which acts as a contact stomach and respiratory poison, and used throughout the world to control a wide range of sucking and chewing insects and mites on a range of crops. In this study, the airborne diazinon levels were measured for farmers, pest control operaters, landscapers, and agricultural chemicals sellers, and an assessment of the health risk to the workers was presented. The exposure scenario was based on the route of inhalation and skin absorption. The "OSHA Method No. 62" was used to sample and measure the airborne diazinon levels. The skin wipe method was applied to measure the level of the diazinone exposure through the skin. For the determination of exposure scenario, the exposure factors were surveyed for the daily average inhalation rate and the exposure period and frequency and time of diazinone as well as the body weight and lifetime of the workers. The median values of exposure frequency and exposure time were selected after evaluating the validity of those. Methods: The highest level of the diazinon exposure in the air was $107.21ug/m^3$ in farmers, followed by $93.53ug/m^3$ in landscapers, at $31.40ug/m^3$ in pest control operators, and $1.04ug/m^3$ in agricultural chemical seller. The amount of skin absorption was the highest in farmers at 63.39 ug/day, followed by landscapers at 10.47 ng/day, pest control operaters at 4.26 ng/day, and agricultural chemicals sellers at 0.34 ng/day. The hazardous indices calculated using toxicological reference value were 2.79 for pest control operaters, 0.41 for landscapers, 0.07 for agricultural chemicals sellers, and 0.06 for farmers. Conclusions: While the farmers were exposed to the high levels of diazinon through the air and skin, the pest control operaters, landscapers and agricultural chemicals sellers have more the diazinon hazards than the farmer based on the risk assessment in this study.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.253-258
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• 1995

Purpose : To evaluate the effects of postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy on the pattern of failure and survival for locally advanced rectal carcinoma, we analyzed the two groups of patients who received curative resection only and who received postoperative radiochemotherapy retro-spectively. Materials and Methods : From June 1989 to December 1992, ninety nine patients with rectal cancer were treated by curative resection and staged as B2-3 or C. Group I(25) patients received curative resection only and group II(74) patients postoperative adjuvant therapy. Postoperative adiuvant group received radiation therapy (4500cGy/25fx to whole pelvis) with 5-FU (500mg/$m^2$, day 1-3 IV infusion) as radiosensitizer and maintenance chemotherapy with 5-FU(400mg/$m^2$ for 5 days) and leucovorin (20mg/m^2$ for 5 days) for 6 cycles. Results : The patients in group I and group II were comparable in terms of age sex, performance status, but in group II $74{\%}$ of patients showed stage C compared with $56{\%}$ of group I. All patients were followed from 6 to 60 months with a median follow up of 29 months. Three year overall survival rates and disease free survival rates were $68\%,\;64\%$ respectively in group I and $64\%,\;61\%$, respectively in group II. There was no statistical difference between the two treatment groups in overall survival rate and disease free survival rate. Local recurrences occurred in $28{\%}$ of group I, $21{\%}$ of group II (p>.05) and distant metastases occurred in $20{\%}$ of group I, $27{\%}$ of group II(p>.05). The prognostic value of several variables other than treatment modality was assessed. In multivariate analysis for prognostic factors stage and histologic grade showed statistically significant effect on local recurrences and lymphatic or vessel invasion on distant metastasis. Conclusion : This retrospective study showed no statistical difference between two groups on the pattern of failure and survival. But considering that group II had more advanced stage and poor prognostic factors than group I, postoperative adjuvant radiochemotherapy improves the results for locally advanced rectal carcinoma as compared with curative surgery alone.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권sup2호
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• pp.281-288
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• 2001

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of SSEP monitoring during intracranial aneurysm surgery and compare the characteristics of wave change in relation to neurologic changes between ACA aneurysms and MCA aneurysms. Methods : During recent three years(between January 1997 and November 1999), intraoperative SSEP monitoring had been done in 63 operations for intracranial aneurysms. We had monitored the median nerve SSEP during surgery for aneurysms of MCA and the posterior tibial nerve SSEP for aneurysms of ACoA or ACA. A more than 50% reduction of any cortical SEP response was considered to be a significant SEP change, compared to its baseline value before the start of surgery. Changes in the SEPs were categorized as follows : Type IA, no significant amplitude changes without temporary clipping ; Type IB, no significant amplitude changes with temporary clipping ; Type II, significant changes with temporary clipping and complete return to control amplitude ; Type III, significant changes with temporary clipping and incomplete return to control amplitude ; Type IV, significant changes with temporary clipping and more decreased amplitude changes. Results : Among the 63 intraoperative monitoring, there were 37 cases of ACA aneurysms(An), and 26 of MCA An. The temporary proximal arterial occlusion during surgery were performed in 31(83.8%)cases of ACA An, 22(84.6%) of MCA An. Seven of the 31 ACA An(22.6%) and ten of the 22 MCA An(45.5%) had significant changes. The type were as follows : 4 patients with type II and 3 with type III in the ACA An ; 3 patients with type II and 3 with type III and 4 with type IV in the MCA An. In both group type II changes had no new postoperative neurological deficit. All 6 patients with type III had new neurological deficits ; However, One case in the ACA An and two cases in the MCA An. had transient neurologic deficit and improved markedly over the next two months. All 4 type IV changes in the MCA An. had permanant neurologic deficits. Two out of 30 cases(6.7%) in the ACA An. and one out of 16 cases(6.3%) in the MCA An. without significant amplitude change had new neurologic deficit postoperatively. Conclusion : Based on this study, Intraoperative SSEP monitoring during aneurysm surgery would provide useful information for detecting cerebral ischemia. SSEP response during surgery for MCA An. is more sensitive than ACA An. Otherwise, there were no meaningful difference in rate of false negativity.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.77-81
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• 1998

득량만 해수에 대한 세균학적 수질을 평가하여 수출용 패류생산지정 해역수질에 합당한가를 파악함과 동시에 지표세균의 조성, 병원성 세균등을 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 득량만 해수의 세균학적 수질은 만 안쪽의 연동지선의 일부해역 (area IV)을 제외하고는 수출용패류의 생산해역의 수질기준에 합당하였다. 2. 대장균군의 최확수는 해수 100ml당 <\;3.0\~4600$의 범위였으며 230을 초과하는 시료의 비율은 $7.4\%$였고, 분변계대장균의 최확수는 $<\;30\~1,100$의 범위였으며 43을 초과하는 시료의 비율은 $8.5\%$로 한계치 $10\%$에 미달하였다. 3. 강우시에는 비강우시에 비하여 세균 오염도가 높았으며 특히 93mm의 강우가 있은 48시간 이후에도 비강우시의 $6\~7$배나 높은 세균오염도를 나타내었다. 4. 대장균군의 분류결과 Escherichia coli가 약 $54\%$나 되어 오염원의 주류가 분변오염임을 알 수 있었다 5. 살모넬라, 시겔라, 콜레라균 등 수인성 병원세균은 검출되지 않았다. 6. 병원성 비브리오균은 여름철인 $6\~8$월 사이에는 시료의 $15\~20\%$에서 양성으로 나타났다.